The composer of a literary work. This can include presentations, articles, books, white papers or any similar published work.
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ArchiveSpecialist
An individual who is an expert on a collection of resources and may also be knowledgeable of the phenomenon and related physics represented by the resources. This includes librarians, curators, archive scientists and other experts.
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CoInvestigator
An individual who is a scientific peer and major participant in an investigation.
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CoPI
An individual who is peer of a principal investigator and is an administrative and scientific lead for an investigation.
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Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the content of the resource.
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DataProducer
An individual who generated the resource and is familiar with its provenance.
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DeputyPI
An individual who is an administrative or scientific leader for an investigation operating under the supervision of a Principal Investigator.
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Developer
The developer of a system to imitate a situation or process.
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FormerPI
An individual who had served as the administrative and scientific lead for an investigation, but no longer assumes that role.
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GeneralContact
An individual who can provide information on a range of subjects or who can direct you to a domain expert.
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HostContact
An individual who can provide specific information with regard the hosting of a resource or supporting software.
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InstrumentLead
An individual who is the designated leader of an instrument or instrument package.
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InstrumentScientist
A scientist associated with a science instrument team with special familiarity and expertise on specific aspects of the design and operations of the instrument and the responsibility of ensuring the measurement capabilities of the instrument.
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MetadataContact
An individual who can affect a change in the metadata describing a resource.
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MissionManager
A Mission Manager is a role name used by the ESA. The Mission Manager corresponds to the Project Manager role used by NASA but the Mission Manager role only begins after the launch of the mission.
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MissionPrincipalInvestigator
An individual who is the administrative and scientific lead for a mission.
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PrincipalInvestigator
An individual who is the administrative and scientific lead for an investigation.
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ProgramManager
An individual whose major task entails direction of program team members such that the full organization achieves the objectives and goals of a program. The Program Manager is expected to provide clear guidance and resolve conflicts and issues while maintaining focus on achieving program success.
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ProgramScientist
A program scientist is someone who performs a range of scientific program planning duties, takes responsibility for the science content of flight mission programs or projects. A program scientist develops, reviews, and provides recommendations for proposed program requirements, expected results, budgetary estimates and also establishes methods and procedures to reduce program costs, provides expert advice to management on strategic planning and program development, develops and manages research program, and presents issues and proposes solutions to senior management.
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ProjectEngineer
An engineer tasked with the full suite of responsibilities as a project undergoes the transition from the requirements derivation and preliminary design phases to controlled hardware development, assembly and environmental testing. The Project Engineer manages a team while developing the cadence of hardware manufacturing and assembly until instrument deployment and through the end of the mission.
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ProjectManager
An individual whose major task entails direction of project team members such that the full organization achieves the objectives and goals of the mission. The Project Manager is expected to provide clear guidance and resolve conflicts and issues while maintaining focus on achieving mission success.
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ProjectScientist
An individual who is an expert in the phenomenon and related physics explored by the project. A project scientist may also have a managerial role within the project.
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Publisher
An individual, organization, institution or government department responsible for the production and dissemination of a document.
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Scientist
An individual who is an expert in the phenomenon and related physics represented by the resource.
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TeamLeader
An individual who is the designated leader of an investigation.
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TeamMember
An individual who is a major participant in an investigation.
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TechnicalContact
An individual who can provide specific information with regard to the resource or supporting software.
Some portions of the resource have restricted access, the rest is open access. Typically, this is for accumulating data collections where some data is under review before being publicly released.
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Restricted
Access to the product is regulated and requires some form of identification.
Europlanet (EPN) Table Access Protocol (TAP) is a framework, which is using TAP with the EPNcore metadata dictionary. The EPNcore metadata dictionary defines the core components that are necessary to perform data discovery in the Solar System related science fields, see https://github.com/ivoa-std/EPNTAP.
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File
Access to a file containing the data.
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Git
Git is a version control system for tracking changes in any set of files. It is known for its speed, data integrity, and support for distributed, non-linear workflows.
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HAPI
A Heliophysics Application Programmer Interface (HAPI) specification compliant access point.
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Listing
A listing of files either through FTP or HTTP.
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Search
A web search interface that requires additional input.
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TAP
The table access protocol (TAP) defines a service protocol for accessing general table data, including astronomical catalogs as well as general database tables. Access is provided for both database and table metadata as well as for actual table data. https://wiki.ivoa.net/twiki/bin/view/IVOA/TableAccess.
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Template
A URI template that contains special fields as defined in URI Template specification http://tsds.org/uri_templates.
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Overview
A web page that provides and overview of available data and links.
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WebService
A Web-based service that uses SOAP, WSDL or UDDI open standards.
Audio Video Interleave (AVI) a digital format for movies that conforms to the Microsoft Windows Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF).
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Binary
A direct representation of the bits which may be stored in memory on a computer.
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CDF
Common Data Format (CDF). A binary storage format developed at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).
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CEF
Cluster Exchange Format (CEF) is a self-documenting ASCII format designed for the exchange of data. There are two versions of CEF which are not totally compatible.
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CEF1
Cluster Exchange Format (CEF), version 1, is a self-documenting ASCII format designed for the exchange of data. The metadata contains information compatible with the ISTP recommendations for CDF.
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CEF2
Cluster Exchange Format (CEF), version 2, is a self-documenting ASCII format designed for the exchange of data and introduced for Cluster Active Archive. Compared to version 1, the metadata description of vectors and tensors is different.
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CSV
Comma Separated Value - A data exchange format defined by RFC 4180.
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Excel
A Microsoft spreadsheet format used to hold a variety of data in tables which can include calculations.
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FITS
Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) is a digital format primarily designed to store scientific data sets consisting of multi-dimensional arrays (1-D spectra, 2-D images or 3-D data cubes) and 2-D tables containing rows and columns of data.
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GIF
Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) first introduced in 1987 by CompuServe. GIF uses LZW compression and images are limited to 256 colors.
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Hardcopy
A permanent reproduction, or copy in the form of a physical object, of any media suitable for direct use by a person.
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Hardcopy.Film
An image recording medium on which usually a negative analog image is registered. A positive analog image can be recovered or reproduced from film, which is usually made of flexible materials for ease of storage and transportation.
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Hardcopy.Microfiche
A sheet of microfilm on which many pages of material have been photographed. A magnification system is used to read the material.
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Hardcopy.Microfilm
Film rolls on which materials are photographed at greatly reduced size. A magnification system is used to read the material.
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Hardcopy.Photograph
An image (positive or negative) registered on a piece of photo-sensitive paper.
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Hardcopy.PhotographicPlate
A rigid (typically glass) medium that functions like film. Its rigidity is for guarding against image distortion due to medium deformation (caused by heat and humidity). Photographic plates are often used for astronomical photography.
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Hardcopy.Print
A sheet of any written or printed material which may include notes or graphics. Multiple printed pages may be bound into a manuscript or book.
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HDF
Hierarchical Data Format.
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HDF4
Hierarchical Data Format, Version 4.
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HDF5
Hierarchical Data Format, Version 5.
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HTML
A text file containing structured information represented in the Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML), see http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/.
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IDFS
Instrument Data File Set (IDFS) is a set of files written in a prescribed format which contain data, timing data, and metadata. IDFS was developed at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI).
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IDL
Interactive Data Language (IDL) save set. IDL is a proprietary format.
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JPEG
A binary format for still images defined by the Joint Photographic Experts Group.
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JSON
JavaScript Object Notation - A lightweight data-interchange format.
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MATLAB_4
MATLAB Workspace save set, version 4. MAT-files are double-precision, binary, MATLAB format files. MATLAB is a proprietary product of The MathWorks.
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MATLAB_6
MATLAB Workspace save set, version 6. MAT-files are double-precision, binary, MATLAB format files. MATLAB is a proprietary product of The MathWorks.
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MATLAB_7
MATLAB Workspace save set, version 7. MAT-files are double-precision, binary, MATLAB format files. Version 7 includes data compression and Unicode encoding. MATLAB is a proprietary product of The MathWorks.
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MPEG
A digital format for movies defined by the Motion Picture Experts Group.
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NCAR
The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) format. A complete description of that standard is given in appendix C of the "Report on Establishment & Operation of the Incoherent-Scatter Data Base", dated 1984-08-23, obtainable from NCAR, P.O. Box 3000 Boulder, Colorado 80307-3000.
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NetCDF
The Network Common Data Form (NetCDF) supported and maintained by the Unidata Program Center. A self-describing portable data format for array-oriented data access, see http://my.unidata.ucar.edu/content/software/netcdf.
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PDF
A document expressed in the Portable Document Format (PDF) as defined by Adobe.
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PDS4
The Planetary Data System, version 4 (PDS4) standard provides guidelines on how a data producer should construct a data set suitable for long-term archiving. The standard contains a number of requirements in terms of dataset structure and documentation that should allow for any PDS compliant data set to be used and understood in the long term. Each PDS4 bundle consists of two files, one containing the data and the other an eXtensible Markup Language (XML) file containing the label. PDS4 recognises four base data structures, array, table, parse-able byte stream and encoded byte stream with arrays and tables most commonly in use. The PDS4 standard is described at: https://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/datastandards/documents/current-version.shtml. The PDS4 archiving standard has been required for data archives from NASA-funded planetary missions and for small data archives since 2011.
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PDS3
The. Planetary Data System, version 3 (PDS3) standard provides guidelines on how a data producer should construct a data set suitable for long-term archiving. The standard contains a number of requirements in terms of dataset structure and documentation that should allow for any PDS compliant data set to be used and understood in the long term. Each PDS3 data product must be labeled in ASCII with full details on the structure and content of the product. The label can be attached to the data file itself or detached in a separate "label" file with the suffix LBL. The PDS3 standard is described at: https://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/datastandards/pds3/standards/. Since 2011, PDS3 has superseded by the PDS4 archiving standard. However, many data files still exist that are stored by using the PDS3 standard.
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PNG
A digital format for still images. Portable Network Graphics (PNG).
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Postscript
A page description programming language created by Adobe Systems Inc. that is a device-independent industry standard for representing text and graphics.
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QuickTime
A format for digital movies, as defined by Apple Computer, see http://developer.apple.com/quicktime/.
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RINEX2
Receiver Independent Exchange Format (RINEX) - version 2.*, is a data interchange format for raw satellite navigation system data. https://files.igs.org/pub/data/format/rinex211.txt.
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RINEX3
Receiver Independent Exchange Format (RINEX) - version 3.*, is a data interchange format for raw satellite navigation system data. https://files.igs.org/pub/data/format/rinex300.pdf.
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Text
A sequence of characters which may have an imposed structure or organization.
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Text.ASCII
A sequence of characters that adheres to American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) which is a 7-bit character-coding scheme.
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Text.Unicode
Text in multi-byte Unicode format.
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TFCat
Time-Frequency Catalogue (TFCat) is a catalogue model & transfer format for spectro-temporal features. https://gitlab.obspm.fr/maser/catalogues/catalogue-format.
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TIFF
A binary format for still pictures. Tagged Image Format File (TIFF). Originally developed by Aldus and now controlled by Adobe.
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UDF
Universal Data Format (UDF). The Optical Technology Storage Association Universal Disk Format, based on ISO 13346, see http://www.osta.org/specs/index.htm.
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VOTable
A proposed IVOA standard designed as a flexible storage and exchange format for tabular data.
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XML
eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML). A structured format for representing information, see http://www.w3.org/XML/.
A sequence of characters that adheres to American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) which is a 7-bit character-coding scheme.
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Base64
A data encoding scheme whereby binary-encoded data is converted to printable ASCII characters. It is defined as a MIME content transfer encoding for use in Internet e-mail. The only characters used are the upper-case and lower-case Roman alphabet characters (A-z), the numerals (0-9), and the "+" and "/" symbols, with the "=" symbol as a special suffix (padding) code.
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BZIP2
An open standard algorithm by Julian Seward using Burrows-Wheeler block sorting and Huffman coding, see http://www.bzip.org/.
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GZIP
An open standard algorithm distributed by GHU based on LZ77 and Huffman coding, see http://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/gzip.html or http://www.gzip.org/.
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None
A lack or absence of anything.
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S3_BUCKET
A container of objects that comply with the Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) specifications. A bucket has a unique, user-assigned key (name). A bucket can contain any number of objects with an aggregate size of 5 gigabytes. A bucket may be accompanied by up to 2 kilobytes of metadata.
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TAR
A file format used to collate collections of files into one larger file, for distribution or archiving, while preserving file system information such as user and group permissions, dates, and directory structures. The format was standardized by POSIX.1-1988 and later POSIX.1-2001.
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Unicode
Text in multi-byte Unicode format.
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ZIP
An open standard for compression which is a variation of the LZW method and was originally used in the PKZIP utility.
A localized, transient volume of the solar atmosphere in which PLAGEs, SUNSPOTS, FACULAe, FLAREs, etc. may be observed.
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Aurora
A natural electrical phenomenon characterized by the appearance of streamers of reddish or greenish light in the sky, especially near the northern or southern magnetic pole. The effect is caused by the interaction of charged particles from the sun with atoms in the upper atmosphere. In northern and southern regions, it is respectively called aurora borealis or Northern Lights and aurora australis or Southern Lights.
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BowShockCrossing
A crossing of the boundary between the undisturbed (except for foreshock effects) solar wind and the shocked, decelerated solar wind of the magnetosheath.
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CoronalHole
An extended region of the corona, exceptionally low in density and associated with unipolar photospheric regions. A coronal hole can be an open magnetic field in the corona and (perhaps) inner heliosphere which has a faster than average solar wind outflow velocity. A region of lower than quiet coronal ion densities and electron densities in the corona or a coronal region with lower peak electron temperature than that found under quiet coronal conditions.
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CoronalMassEjection
A solar event (CME) that involves a burst of plasma ejected into the interplanetary medium. CMEs may be observed remotely relatively near the Sun or in situ in the interplanetary medium. Note that CMEs are often referred to as Interplanetary CMEs (ICMEs).
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EITWave
A wave in the corona of the Sun that generates shock waves in the solar chromosphere (Moreton Waves). EIT Waves are produced by large solar flare and expand outward at about 1,000 km/s. It usually appears as a slowly moving diffuse arc of brightening in H-alpha, and may travel for several hundred thousand km.
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EnergeticSolarParticleEvent
An enhancement of interplanetary fluxes of energetic ions accelerated by interplanetary shocks and/or solar flares.
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ForbushDecrease
A rapid decrease in the observed galactic cosmic ray intensity following the passage of an outwardly convecting interplanetary magnetic field disturbance, such as those associated with large CMEs, that sweep some galactic cosmic rays away from Earth.
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GeomagneticStorm
A magnetospheric disturbance typically defined by variations in the horizontal component of the surface magnetic field on the Earth. The variation typically starts with a field enhancement associated with a solar wind pressure pulse and continues with a field depression associated with an enhancement of the diamagnetic magnetospheric ring current.
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InterplanetaryShock
A shock propagating generally anti-sunward through the slower solar wind, often seen in front of CME-associated plasma clouds.
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MagneticCloud
A transient event observed in the solar wind characterized as a region of enhanced magnetic field strength, smooth rotation of the magnetic field vector and low proton density and temperature.
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MagnetopauseCrossing
A crossing of the interface between the shocked solar wind in the magnetosheath and the magnetic field and plasma in the magnetosphere.
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RadioBurst
Emissions of the Sun in radio wavelengths from centimeters to dekameters, under both quiet and disturbed conditions. Radio Bursts can be Type I consisting of many short, narrow-band bursts in the metric range (80 MHz to 200 MHz). Type II consisting of narrow-band emission that begins in the meter range (150 MHz) and sweeps slowly (tens of minutes) toward dekameter wavelengths (20 MHz). Type III consisting of narrow-band bursts that sweep rapidly (seconds) from decimeter to dekameter wavelengths (500 MHz to 20 MHz) and Type IV consisting of a smooth continuum of broadband bursts primarily in the meter range (10 MHz to 200 MHz).
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SectorBoundaryCrossing
A sector boundary crossing is a transit by a spacecraft across the heliospheric current sheet separating the dominantly outward (away from the Sun) interplanetary magnetic field of one hemisphere of the heliosphere from the dominantly inward (towards the Sun) polarity of the other hemisphere. Such crossings have multi-day intervals of opposite IMF dominant polarities on either side.
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SolarFlare
An explosive event in the solar atmosphere which produces electromagnetic radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at multiple wavelengths from long-wave radio to the shortest wavelength gamma rays.
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SolarWindExtreme
Intervals of unusually large or small values of solar wind attributes such as flow speed and ion density.
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StreamInteractionRegion
The region where two solar wind streams, typically having differing characteristics and solar sources, abut up against (and possibly partially interpenetrate) each other. The abbreviation SIR is commonly used in place of Stream Interaction Region.
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Substorm
A process by which plasma in the magnetotail becomes energized at a fast rate.
A representation in which a position vector or a measured vector (e.g., field or flow) is specified by its components along the base axes of the coordinate system.
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Cylindrical
A coordinate representation of a position vector or measured vector (field or flow) by its k-component, the magnitude of its projection into the i-j plane, and the azimuthal angle of the i-j plane projection.
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Spherical
A coordinate representation of a position vector or of a measured vector by its magnitude and two direction angles. The angles are relative to the base axes of the coordinate system used. Typically, the angles are phi [azimuth angle, =arctan (j/i)] and theta, where theta may be a polar angle, arctan {[sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k}, or an elevation angle, arctan [k/sqrt(i^2+j^2)].
A coordinate system which is centered at the Sun and is fixed with respect to the synodic rotation rate. The mean synodic value is about 27.2753 days. The Astronomical Almanac gives a value for Carrington longitude of 349.03 deg at 0000 UT on 1 January 1995.
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CGM
Corrected Geomagnetic - A coordinate system from a spatial point with GEO radial distance and geomagnetic latitude and longitude, follow the epoch-appropriate IGRF/DGRF model field vector through to the point where the field line crosses the geomagnetic dipole equatorial plane. Then trace the dipole magnetic field vector Earthward from that point on the equatorial plane, in the same hemisphere as the original point, until the initial radial distance is reached. Designate the dipole latitude and longitude at that point as the CGM latitude and longitude of the original point, see http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/cgm/cgmm_des.html.
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CSO
Corrected Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Earth where x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.
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DM
Dipole Meridian - A coordinate system centered at the observation point. The z-axis is parallel to the dipole axis of the Earth, positive northward. x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the line linking the observation point with the center of the Earth. The y-axis is positive eastward, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.
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ECD
Eccentric Dipole (ECD) coordinate system that aligns with a dipole whose origin and orientation may be different from the physical center and spin axis of the containing body. The IGRF-12 coefficients for 2015 are used to determine the origin for the Earth. The 2015 positions are North dip pole: latitude: 86.29, longitude -160.06. South dip pole latitude: -64.28, longitude: 136.59, North geometric pole latitude: 80.37, longitude: -72.63, South geomagnetic pole latitude: -80.37, longitude: 107.37. ECD is defined in doi:10.1186/s40623-015-0228-9.
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ECEF
The Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed (ECEF) coordinate system has point (0,0,0) defined as the center of mass of the Earth. Its axes are aligned with the International Reference Pole (IRP) and International Reference Meridian (IRM). The x-axis intersects the sphere of the Earth at 0 deg latitude (Equator) and 0 deg longitude (Greenwich). The z-axis points north. The y-axis completes the right-handed coordinate system.
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ENP
ENP (also called PEN) - The P-axis points northward, perpendicular to orbital plane. For an orbit with zero inclination, the P-axis is parallel to spin axis of the Earth. The E-axis is perpendicular to the P and N directions and points earthward. The N-axis is perpendicular to P and E and is positive eastward.
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GEI
GEI Geocentric Equatorial Inertial - A coordinate system where the z-axis is along spin axis of the Earth, positive northward. The x-axis points towards the first point of Aries (from the Earth towards the Sun at the vernal equinox), see Russell, 1971. When the x-axis is the direction of the mean vernal equinox of J2000, the coordinate system is also called GCI. Then the z-axis is also defined as being normal to the mean Earth equator of J2000.
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GEO
Geographic - geocentric corotating - A coordinate system where the z-axis is along spin axis of the Earth, positive northward. The x-axis lies in Greenwich meridian, positive towards Greenwich, see Russell, 1971.
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GPHIO
Kronian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Saturn where the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.
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GSE
Geocentric Solar Ecliptic - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun. The z-axis is normal to the ecliptic, positive northward, see Russell, 1971.
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GSEQ
Geocentric Solar Equatorial - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun. The y-axis is parallel to solar equatorial plane. The z-axis is positive northward, see Russell, 1971.
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GSM
Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the geomagnetic dipole axis, see Russell, 1971.
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HAE
Heliocentric Aries Ecliptic - A coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. The x-axis is positive towards the first point of Aries (from Earth to Sun at vernal equinox). Same as SE below, see Hapgood, 1992.
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HCC
Heliocentric Cartesian - A 3-D orthonormal coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points toward the observer. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis is positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Standard representation for this system is based on (x,y) position of the point of interest expressed either as physical distances or as fractions of the solar disk radius.
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HCI
Heliographic Carrington Inertial.
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HCR
Heliocentric Radial - A 3-D orthonormal coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points toward the observer. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis, positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Standard representation for this system is based on distance rho from the z-axis (sqrt(x**2+y**2)) and the phase angle psi measured counterclockwise from the positive y-axis (arctan(-y/x)) of the point of interest.
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HEE
Heliocentric Earth Ecliptic - A coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. The x-axis points from Sun to Earth, see Hapgood, 1992.
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HEEQ
Heliocentric Earth Equatorial - A coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the solar equatorial plane, positive northward. The x-axis is generally Earthward in the plane defined by the z-axis and the Sun-Earth direction, see Hapgood, 1992.
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HERTN
Helio-Ecliptic Radial Tangential Normal coordinate system. Typically centered at a spacecraft. The x-axis (radial) is set as the primary-axis, and is defined as the axis pointing from the spacecraft to the Sun. The z-axis (tangential) is set as the secondary-axis, and is defined as that portion of the ecliptic rotational axis which is perpendicular to the primary-axis. The y-axis (Normal) is defined as Z cross X.
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HG
Heliographic - A heliocentric rotating coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the solar equatorial plane, positive northward. The x-axis and y-axis rotate with a period of 25.38 days. The zero longitude (x-axis) is defined as the longitude that passed through the ascending node of the solar equator on the ecliptic plane on 1 January, 1854 at 12 UT, see http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.html.
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HGI
Heliographic Inertial - A heliocentric coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the solar equatorial plane, positive northward. The x-axis is along the intersection line between solar equatorial and ecliptic planes. The x-axis was positive at SE longitude of 74.367 deg on January 1, 1900. (See SE below.) See http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.html.
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HGRTN
Heliocentric Radial Tangential Normal coordinate system (also known as RTN). Typically centered at a spacecraft. Used for IMF and plasma V vectors. The x-axis (radial) is set as the primary-axis, and is defined as the axis pointing from the spacecraft to the Sun. The z-axis (tangential) is set as the secondary-axis, and is defined as that portion of the solar North rotational axis which is perpendicular to the primary-axis. The y-axis (normal) is defined as Z cross X.
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HPC
Helioprojective Cartesian=A 3-D orthonormal (left-handed) coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points from the observer to the center of the solar disk. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis, positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Given as the distance between the observer and the center of the solar disk, the standard representation of an (x,y) point on the solar disk is latitude (arctan(y/d)) and longitude (arctan (x/d)) of the point of interest.
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HPR
Helioprojective Radial - A 3-D orthonormal (left-handed) coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points from the observer to the center of the solar disk. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis, positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Given as the distance between the observer and the center of the solar disk, the standard representation for this system of an (x,y) point on the solar disk is latitude angle theta (arctan(sqrt(x**2+y**2)/d))) or equivalent declination parameter delta (theta-90 deg) and the phase angle psi as measured counterclockwise from the positive y-axis (psi=arctan(-y/x)) of the point of interest.
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HSM
Heliospheric Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the geomagnetic dipole axis.
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J2000
An astronomical coordinate system which uses the mean equator and equinox of Julian date 2451545.0 TT (Terrestrial Time), or January 1, 2000, noon TT to define a celestial reference frame.
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JSM
Jovian Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system related to Jupiter where the x-axis is from Jupiter to Sun, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the Jovian dipole axis.
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JSO
Jovian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Jupiter where x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.
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KSM
Kronian Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system related to Saturn where the x-axis is anti-sunward, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the Kronian dipole axis.
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KSO
Kronian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Saturn where x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.
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LGM
Local Geomagnetic - A coordinate system used mainly for Earth surface or near-Earth surface magnetic field data. The x-axis northward from observation point in a geographic meridian. The z-axis downward towards center of the Earth. In this system, the total horizontal component, H, is equal to sqrt(Bx^2+By^2) and declination angle, D is equal to arctan(By/Bx).
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MAG
Geomagnetic - geocentric. The z-axis is parallel to the geomagnetic dipole axis, positive north. The x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the rotation axis of the Earth. If N is a unit vector from the center of the Earth to the north geographic pole, the signs of the y-axis and x-axis are given by the vector cross products N cross z and y cross z, respectively, see Russell, 1971 and http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.
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MFA
Magnetic Field Aligned - A coordinate system spacecraft-centered system with the z-axis in the direction of the ambient magnetic field vector. The x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the spacecraft-Sun line, positive sunward, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.
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MSO
Mars/Mercury Solar Orbital A coordinate system related to Mars or Mercury. A coordinate system where, depending on the body (Mars or Mercury), the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.
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RTN
Radial Tangential Normal. Typically centered at a spacecraft. Used for IMF and plasma V vectors. The x-axis (radial) is set as the primary-axis, and is defined as the axis pointing from the spacecraft to the Sun. The z-axis (tangential) is set as the secondary-axis, and is defined as that portion of the solar North rotational axis which is perpendicular to the primary-axis. The y-axis (normal) is defined as Z cross X.
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SC
Spacecraft - A coordinate system defined by the spacecraft geometry and/or spin. Often has z-axis parallel to spacecraft spin vector. The x-axis and y-axis may or may not corotate with the spacecraft, see SR and SR2 below.
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SE
Solar Ecliptic - A heliocentric coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. The x-axis is positive towards the first point of Aries (from Earth to Sun at vernal equinox). Same as HAE above, see http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.htmlr.
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SM
Solar Magnetic - A geocentric coordinate system where the z-axis is northward along dipole axis of the Earth, x-axis is in plane of z-axis and Earth-Sun line, positive sunward, see Russell, 1971.
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SpacecraftOrbitPlane
A coordinate system where x-axis lies in the plane normal to and in the direction of motion of the spacecraft, the z-axis is normal to this plane and the y-axis completes the triad to form a right-handed coordinate system.
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SR
Spin Reference - A special case of a Spacecraft (SC) coordinate system for a spinning spacecraft. The z-axis is parallel to the spacecraft spin vector. The x-axis and y-axis rotate with the spacecraft, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.
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SR2
Spin Reference 2 - A special case of a Spacecraft (SC) coordinate system for a spinning spacecraft. The z-axis is parallel to the spacecraft spin vector while the x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the spacecraft-Sun line, positive sunward, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.
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SSE
Spacecraft Solar Ecliptic - A coordinate system used for deep space spacecraft, i.e., consider the Helios spacecraft with the x-axis from spacecraft to Sun, the z-axis normal to ecliptic plane positive northward. Note that the angle between the normal to ecliptic plane and the normal to the Helios orbital plane is ~0.25 deg.
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SSE_L
Selenocentric Solar Ecliptic - The x-axis points from the center of the Moon to the Sun, the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. And the y-axis completes the right-handed set of axes.
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TIIS
Kronian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Saturn where the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.
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VSO
Venus Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Venus where the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis point along the orbital velocity direction.
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WGS84
The World Geodetic System (WGS) defines a reference frame for the Earth, for use in geodesy and navigation. The WGS84 uses the zero meridian as defined by the Bureau International de lHeure.
A 2-D representation of data with values at each element of the array related to an intensity or a color.
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Plasmagram
The characterization of signal strengths in active sounding measurements as a function of virtual range or signal delay time and sounding frequency. A Plasmagram is also referred to as an Ionogram.
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Spectrogram
The characterization of signal strengths as a function of frequency (or energy) and time.
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StackPlot
A representation of data showing multiple sets of observations on a single plot, possibly offsetting each plot by some uniform amount.
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TimeSeries
A representation of data showing a set of observations taken at different points in time and charted as a time series.
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WaveForm
Spatial or temporal variations of wave amplitude over wave period time scales.
A sequence of values corresponding to the elements in a rectilinear, n-dimension matrix. Each value can be referenced by a unique index.
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AutoSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the auto correlation function for physical or empirical observations, which describes the general dependence of the time series data values at one instant on the time series data values at another instant.
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Average
The statistical mean equal to the sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set.
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Characteristic
A quantity which can be easily identified and measured in a given environment.
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Circular
Relative to polarization, right-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating clockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. Left-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating counterclockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. The polarization of magnetohydrodynamic waves is specified with respect to the ambient mean magnetic field. Right-handed polarized waves have a transverse electric field component which turns in a right-handed sense (that of the gyrating electrons) around the magnetic field.
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Coherence
The coherence between two signals x(t) and y(t), C<sub>xy</sub>, is a real-valued function. The square of the coherence is defined by using: Cxy^2=|Gxy(f)|^2/Gxx(f)Gyy(f) where Gxy(f) is equal to the cross-spectral density between two time series denoted as x and y, respectively, and Gxx(f) and Gyy(f) are equal to the auto-spectral densities of the same two time series. Values of Cxy^2 always lie in the range between zero and one, 0<=Cxy^2<=1, in accordance with the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.
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Column
A 2-D measure of a quantity. The column is the area over which the quantity is measured.
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Component
Projection of a vector along one of the base axes of a coordinate system.
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Component.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Confidence
An expression of how certain that a quantity is valid or accurate.
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Core
The central or main part of an object or calculated distribution. For example, the part of a distribution of particles at low energies that is a thermal (Maxwellian) population.
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CrossSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the cross correlation of two physical or empirical observations.
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Deviation
The difference between an observed value and the expected value of a quantity.
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Differential
A measurement within a narrow range of energy and/or solid angle.
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Direction
The spatial relation between an object and another object, the orientation of the object or the course along which the object points or moves.
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Directional
A measurement within a narrow range of solid angle.
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DirectionAngle
The angle between a position vector or measured vector (or one of its projections onto a plane) and one of the base axes of the coordinate system.
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DirectionAngle.AzimuthAngle
The angle between the projection into the I-J plane of a position or measured vector and the I-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(J/I). This term could be also applied to angles measured in different planes, i.e., the IMF clock angle defined as arctan(|By|/Bz).
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DirectionAngle.ElevationAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the I-J plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(K/sqrt(I^2+J^2)).
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DirectionAngle.PolarAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k). This term could be also applied to angles between the vector and other components, for example the IMF cone angle defined as arccos(B<sub>x</sub>/B<sub>t</sub>).
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DirectionCosine
The cosine of the angle between two vectors usually between a vector and one of the basis axes defining a Cartesian coordinate system. Three angles and thus three direction cosines are required to define a vector direction in a 3-D Euclidean space.
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DirectionCosine.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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EncodedParameter
A variable that uses successive bits to encode, this is bitwise encode, a set of conditions by using a composited multi-bit numeric value. A common example is a bitwise encoded flag that denotes whether various possible errors that may affect a particular measurement. For example, a bit value equal to zero may indicate the absence of a particular error condition while a value equal to one would indicate the possibility that the associated datum should be ignored or used with caution due to the same error categorization.
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FieldAligned
The component of a quantity which is oriented in the same direction of a field.
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Fit
Values that make a model agree with the data.
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Group
An assemblage of values that a certain relation or common characteristic.
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Halo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution. For example, the particles above the core energies that show enhancements above the thermal population. Typically, a "power law tail" shows a break from the core Maxwellian at a particular energy.
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ImaginaryPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z=a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient b is called the imaginary part of the complex number z.
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Integral
A flux measurement in a broad range of energy and solid angle.
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Integral.Area
Integration over the extent of a planar region, or of the surface of a solid.
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Integral.Bandwidth
Integration over the width a frequency band.
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Integral.SolidAngle
Integration over the angle in 3-D space that an object subtends at a point.
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Linear
Polarization where the E-field vector is confined to a given plane.
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LineOfSight
The line of sight is the line that connects the observer with the observed object. This expression is often used with measurements of Doppler velocity and magnetic field in magnetograms, where only the component of the vector field directed along the line of sight is measured.
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Magnitude
A measure of the strength of a vector quantity or length of its representational vector.
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Maximum
The largest value of a batch or sample or the upper bound of a probability distribution.
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Median
The measure of central tendency of a set of n values computed by ordering the values and taking the value at position (n+1)/2 when n is odd or the arithmetic mean of the values at positions n/2 and (n/2)+1 when n is even.
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Minimum
The smallest value of a batch or sample or the lower bound of a probability distribution.
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Moment
Parameters determined by integration over a distribution function convolved with a power of velocity.
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Parallel
Having the same direction as a given direction.
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Peak
The maximum value for the quantity in question, over a period of time which is usually equal to the cadence.
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Perpendicular
At right angles to a given direction.
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Perturbation
Variations in the state of a system.
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Phase
A point or portion in a recurring series of changes.
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PhaseAngle
Phase difference between two or more waves, normally expressed in degrees.
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PowerSpectralDensity
The Power Spectral Density, PSD, is the measure of signal power content versus frequency, energy, wave number, etc. A PSD is typically used to characterize broadband random signals. The amplitude of the PSD is normalized by the spectral resolution employed to digitize the signal.
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Projection
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector as projected into a plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IJ
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-J (typically X-Y) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-K (typically X-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.JK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the J-K (typically Y-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Pseudo
Similar to or having the appearance of something else. Can be used to indicate an estimation or approximation of a particular quantity.
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Ratio
The relative magnitudes of two quantities.
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RealPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z= a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient a is called the real part of the complex number z.
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Scalar
A quantity that is completely specified by its magnitude and has no direction.
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Spectral
Characterized as a range or continuum of frequencies.
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StandardDeviation
The square root of the average of the squares of deviations about the mean of a set of data. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of spread or variability.
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StokesParameters
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.
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Strahl
A distribution of particles concentrated in a narrow energy band. The band may be may be aligned with a secondary feature. For example, it may occur in a narrow cone aligned with the mean magnetic field direction.
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Superhalo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution evident in a second break in the distribution function (e.g., a different power law). It consists of a population with energies higher than that of coexisting halo population.
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Symmetric
Equal distribution about one or more axes.
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Tensor
A generalized linear quantity or geometrical entity that can be expressed as a multi-dimensional array relative to a choice of basis of the particular space on which it is defined.
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Total
The summation of quantities over all possible species.
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Trace
The sum of the elements on the main diagonal (the diagonal from the upper left to the lower right) of a square matrix.
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Uncertainty
A statistically defined discrepancy between a measured quantity and the true value of that quantity that cannot be corrected by calculation or calibration.
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Variance
A measure of dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. The expectation value of the squared deviations from the mean.
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Vector
A set of parameter values each along some independent variable (e.g., components of a field in three orthogonal spatial directions, atmospheric temperature values at several altitudes, or at a given latitude and longitude).
A sequence of values corresponding to the elements in a rectilinear, n-dimension matrix. Each value can be referenced by a unique index.
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AutoSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the auto correlation function for physical or empirical observations, which describes the general dependence of the time series data values at one instant on the time series data values at another instant.
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Average
The statistical mean equal to the sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set.
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Characteristic
A quantity which can be easily identified and measured in a given environment.
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Circular
Relative to polarization, right-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating clockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. Left-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating counterclockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. The polarization of magnetohydrodynamic waves is specified with respect to the ambient mean magnetic field. Right-handed polarized waves have a transverse electric field component which turns in a right-handed sense (that of the gyrating electrons) around the magnetic field.
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Coherence
The coherence between two signals x(t) and y(t), C<sub>xy</sub>, is a real-valued function. The square of the coherence is defined by using: Cxy^2=|Gxy(f)|^2/Gxx(f)Gyy(f) where Gxy(f) is equal to the cross-spectral density between two time series denoted as x and y, respectively, and Gxx(f) and Gyy(f) are equal to the auto-spectral densities of the same two time series. Values of Cxy^2 always lie in the range between zero and one, 0<=Cxy^2<=1, in accordance with the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.
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Column
A 2-D measure of a quantity. The column is the area over which the quantity is measured.
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Component
Projection of a vector along one of the base axes of a coordinate system.
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Component.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Confidence
An expression of how certain that a quantity is valid or accurate.
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Core
The central or main part of an object or calculated distribution. For example, the part of a distribution of particles at low energies that is a thermal (Maxwellian) population.
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CrossSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the cross correlation of two physical or empirical observations.
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Deviation
The difference between an observed value and the expected value of a quantity.
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Differential
A measurement within a narrow range of energy and/or solid angle.
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Direction
The spatial relation between an object and another object, the orientation of the object or the course along which the object points or moves.
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Directional
A measurement within a narrow range of solid angle.
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DirectionAngle
The angle between a position vector or measured vector (or one of its projections onto a plane) and one of the base axes of the coordinate system.
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DirectionAngle.AzimuthAngle
The angle between the projection into the I-J plane of a position or measured vector and the I-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(J/I). This term could be also applied to angles measured in different planes, i.e., the IMF clock angle defined as arctan(|By|/Bz).
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DirectionAngle.ElevationAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the I-J plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(K/sqrt(I^2+J^2)).
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DirectionAngle.PolarAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k). This term could be also applied to angles between the vector and other components, for example the IMF cone angle defined as arccos(B<sub>x</sub>/B<sub>t</sub>).
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DirectionCosine
The cosine of the angle between two vectors usually between a vector and one of the basis axes defining a Cartesian coordinate system. Three angles and thus three direction cosines are required to define a vector direction in a 3-D Euclidean space.
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DirectionCosine.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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EncodedParameter
A variable that uses successive bits to encode, this is bitwise encode, a set of conditions by using a composited multi-bit numeric value. A common example is a bitwise encoded flag that denotes whether various possible errors that may affect a particular measurement. For example, a bit value equal to zero may indicate the absence of a particular error condition while a value equal to one would indicate the possibility that the associated datum should be ignored or used with caution due to the same error categorization.
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FieldAligned
The component of a quantity which is oriented in the same direction of a field.
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Fit
Values that make a model agree with the data.
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Group
An assemblage of values that a certain relation or common characteristic.
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Halo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution. For example, the particles above the core energies that show enhancements above the thermal population. Typically, a "power law tail" shows a break from the core Maxwellian at a particular energy.
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ImaginaryPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z=a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient b is called the imaginary part of the complex number z.
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Integral
A flux measurement in a broad range of energy and solid angle.
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Integral.Area
Integration over the extent of a planar region, or of the surface of a solid.
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Integral.Bandwidth
Integration over the width a frequency band.
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Integral.SolidAngle
Integration over the angle in 3-D space that an object subtends at a point.
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Linear
Polarization where the E-field vector is confined to a given plane.
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LineOfSight
The line of sight is the line that connects the observer with the observed object. This expression is often used with measurements of Doppler velocity and magnetic field in magnetograms, where only the component of the vector field directed along the line of sight is measured.
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Magnitude
A measure of the strength of a vector quantity or length of its representational vector.
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Maximum
The largest value of a batch or sample or the upper bound of a probability distribution.
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Median
The measure of central tendency of a set of n values computed by ordering the values and taking the value at position (n+1)/2 when n is odd or the arithmetic mean of the values at positions n/2 and (n/2)+1 when n is even.
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Minimum
The smallest value of a batch or sample or the lower bound of a probability distribution.
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Moment
Parameters determined by integration over a distribution function convolved with a power of velocity.
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Parallel
Having the same direction as a given direction.
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Peak
The maximum value for the quantity in question, over a period of time which is usually equal to the cadence.
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Perpendicular
At right angles to a given direction.
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Perturbation
Variations in the state of a system.
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Phase
A point or portion in a recurring series of changes.
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PhaseAngle
Phase difference between two or more waves, normally expressed in degrees.
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PowerSpectralDensity
The Power Spectral Density, PSD, is the measure of signal power content versus frequency, energy, wave number, etc. A PSD is typically used to characterize broadband random signals. The amplitude of the PSD is normalized by the spectral resolution employed to digitize the signal.
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Projection
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector as projected into a plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IJ
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-J (typically X-Y) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-K (typically X-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.JK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the J-K (typically Y-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Pseudo
Similar to or having the appearance of something else. Can be used to indicate an estimation or approximation of a particular quantity.
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Ratio
The relative magnitudes of two quantities.
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RealPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z= a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient a is called the real part of the complex number z.
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Scalar
A quantity that is completely specified by its magnitude and has no direction.
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Spectral
Characterized as a range or continuum of frequencies.
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StandardDeviation
The square root of the average of the squares of deviations about the mean of a set of data. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of spread or variability.
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StokesParameters
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.
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Strahl
A distribution of particles concentrated in a narrow energy band. The band may be may be aligned with a secondary feature. For example, it may occur in a narrow cone aligned with the mean magnetic field direction.
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Superhalo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution evident in a second break in the distribution function (e.g., a different power law). It consists of a population with energies higher than that of coexisting halo population.
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Symmetric
Equal distribution about one or more axes.
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Tensor
A generalized linear quantity or geometrical entity that can be expressed as a multi-dimensional array relative to a choice of basis of the particular space on which it is defined.
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Total
The summation of quantities over all possible species.
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Trace
The sum of the elements on the main diagonal (the diagonal from the upper left to the lower right) of a square matrix.
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Uncertainty
A statistically defined discrepancy between a measured quantity and the true value of that quantity that cannot be corrected by calculation or calibration.
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Variance
A measure of dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. The expectation value of the squared deviations from the mean.
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Vector
A set of parameter values each along some independent variable (e.g., components of a field in three orthogonal spatial directions, atmospheric temperature values at several altitudes, or at a given latitude and longitude).
It is the scalar quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit time flowing across a given surface.
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CurrentDensity
It is the vector quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit cross-sectional area per unit time flowing through a given point. Measurements of current density are often provided in terms of the magnetic perturbations (superposed upon a background magnetic field, if present) associated with the current density.
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Electric
The physical attribute that exerts an electrical force.
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Electromagnetic
Electric and magnetic field variations in time and space that propagate through a medium or a vacuum. The wave propagation direction, electric field vector, and magnetic field vector form an orthogonal triad. Waves in this category are detected by having their field quantities measured.
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Gyrofrequency
The number of gyrations around a magnetic guiding center (field line) a charged particle makes per unit time due to the Lorentz force.
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Magnetic
The physical attribute attributed to a magnet or its equivalent.
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PlasmaFrequency
A number density dependent characteristic frequency of a plasma.
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Potential
The work required per unit charge to move a charge from a reference point to a point at infinity (electric potential is defined to be zero). The electric potential of a spacecraft is often referred to as the spacecraft potential. The spacecraft potential is the electric potential of the spacecraft relative to the potential of the nearby plasma. The spacecraft potential is non-zero because the spacecraft charges to the level that the emitted photoelectron flux going to infinity is balanced by the plasma electron flux to the spacecraft.
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PoyntingFlux
Electromagnetic energy flux transported by a wave characterized as the rate of energy transport per unit area per steradian.
A suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in a gas.
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AlphaParticle
A positively charged nuclear particle that consists of two protons and two neutrons.
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Atom
Matter consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons which has no net charge.
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Dust
Free microscopic particles of solid material.
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Electron
An elementary particle that has a negative charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 9.10938*10^-31 kg.
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Ion
An atom that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons (Note: Z>2).
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Molecule
A group of atoms so united and combined by chemical affinity that they form a complete, integrated whole, being the smallest portion of any particular compound that can exist in a free state.
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Neutron
An elementary particle with neutral charge that is a constituent of atomic nuclei. Neutrons have a rest mass slightly large than that of a proton equal to about 1.67493*10^-24 kg.
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Proton
An elementary particle that is a constituent of all atomic nuclei. Protons have a positive charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 1.67262*10^-27 kg.
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Positron
An elementary particle that has a positive charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 9.10938*10^-31 kg.
A sequence of values corresponding to the elements in a rectilinear, n-dimension matrix. Each value can be referenced by a unique index.
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AutoSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the auto correlation function for physical or empirical observations, which describes the general dependence of the time series data values at one instant on the time series data values at another instant.
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Average
The statistical mean equal to the sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set.
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Characteristic
A quantity which can be easily identified and measured in a given environment.
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Circular
Relative to polarization, right-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating clockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. Left-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating counterclockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. The polarization of magnetohydrodynamic waves is specified with respect to the ambient mean magnetic field. Right-handed polarized waves have a transverse electric field component which turns in a right-handed sense (that of the gyrating electrons) around the magnetic field.
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Coherence
The coherence between two signals x(t) and y(t), C<sub>xy</sub>, is a real-valued function. The square of the coherence is defined by using: Cxy^2=|Gxy(f)|^2/Gxx(f)Gyy(f) where Gxy(f) is equal to the cross-spectral density between two time series denoted as x and y, respectively, and Gxx(f) and Gyy(f) are equal to the auto-spectral densities of the same two time series. Values of Cxy^2 always lie in the range between zero and one, 0<=Cxy^2<=1, in accordance with the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.
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Column
A 2-D measure of a quantity. The column is the area over which the quantity is measured.
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Component
Projection of a vector along one of the base axes of a coordinate system.
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Component.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Confidence
An expression of how certain that a quantity is valid or accurate.
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Core
The central or main part of an object or calculated distribution. For example, the part of a distribution of particles at low energies that is a thermal (Maxwellian) population.
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CrossSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the cross correlation of two physical or empirical observations.
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Deviation
The difference between an observed value and the expected value of a quantity.
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Differential
A measurement within a narrow range of energy and/or solid angle.
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Direction
The spatial relation between an object and another object, the orientation of the object or the course along which the object points or moves.
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Directional
A measurement within a narrow range of solid angle.
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DirectionAngle
The angle between a position vector or measured vector (or one of its projections onto a plane) and one of the base axes of the coordinate system.
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DirectionAngle.AzimuthAngle
The angle between the projection into the I-J plane of a position or measured vector and the I-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(J/I). This term could be also applied to angles measured in different planes, i.e., the IMF clock angle defined as arctan(|By|/Bz).
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DirectionAngle.ElevationAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the I-J plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(K/sqrt(I^2+J^2)).
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DirectionAngle.PolarAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k). This term could be also applied to angles between the vector and other components, for example the IMF cone angle defined as arccos(B<sub>x</sub>/B<sub>t</sub>).
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DirectionCosine
The cosine of the angle between two vectors usually between a vector and one of the basis axes defining a Cartesian coordinate system. Three angles and thus three direction cosines are required to define a vector direction in a 3-D Euclidean space.
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DirectionCosine.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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EncodedParameter
A variable that uses successive bits to encode, this is bitwise encode, a set of conditions by using a composited multi-bit numeric value. A common example is a bitwise encoded flag that denotes whether various possible errors that may affect a particular measurement. For example, a bit value equal to zero may indicate the absence of a particular error condition while a value equal to one would indicate the possibility that the associated datum should be ignored or used with caution due to the same error categorization.
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FieldAligned
The component of a quantity which is oriented in the same direction of a field.
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Fit
Values that make a model agree with the data.
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Group
An assemblage of values that a certain relation or common characteristic.
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Halo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution. For example, the particles above the core energies that show enhancements above the thermal population. Typically, a "power law tail" shows a break from the core Maxwellian at a particular energy.
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ImaginaryPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z=a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient b is called the imaginary part of the complex number z.
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Integral
A flux measurement in a broad range of energy and solid angle.
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Integral.Area
Integration over the extent of a planar region, or of the surface of a solid.
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Integral.Bandwidth
Integration over the width a frequency band.
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Integral.SolidAngle
Integration over the angle in 3-D space that an object subtends at a point.
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Linear
Polarization where the E-field vector is confined to a given plane.
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LineOfSight
The line of sight is the line that connects the observer with the observed object. This expression is often used with measurements of Doppler velocity and magnetic field in magnetograms, where only the component of the vector field directed along the line of sight is measured.
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Magnitude
A measure of the strength of a vector quantity or length of its representational vector.
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Maximum
The largest value of a batch or sample or the upper bound of a probability distribution.
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Median
The measure of central tendency of a set of n values computed by ordering the values and taking the value at position (n+1)/2 when n is odd or the arithmetic mean of the values at positions n/2 and (n/2)+1 when n is even.
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Minimum
The smallest value of a batch or sample or the lower bound of a probability distribution.
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Moment
Parameters determined by integration over a distribution function convolved with a power of velocity.
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Parallel
Having the same direction as a given direction.
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Peak
The maximum value for the quantity in question, over a period of time which is usually equal to the cadence.
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Perpendicular
At right angles to a given direction.
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Perturbation
Variations in the state of a system.
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Phase
A point or portion in a recurring series of changes.
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PhaseAngle
Phase difference between two or more waves, normally expressed in degrees.
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PowerSpectralDensity
The Power Spectral Density, PSD, is the measure of signal power content versus frequency, energy, wave number, etc. A PSD is typically used to characterize broadband random signals. The amplitude of the PSD is normalized by the spectral resolution employed to digitize the signal.
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Projection
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector as projected into a plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IJ
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-J (typically X-Y) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-K (typically X-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.JK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the J-K (typically Y-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Pseudo
Similar to or having the appearance of something else. Can be used to indicate an estimation or approximation of a particular quantity.
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Ratio
The relative magnitudes of two quantities.
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RealPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z= a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient a is called the real part of the complex number z.
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Scalar
A quantity that is completely specified by its magnitude and has no direction.
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Spectral
Characterized as a range or continuum of frequencies.
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StandardDeviation
The square root of the average of the squares of deviations about the mean of a set of data. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of spread or variability.
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StokesParameters
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.
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Strahl
A distribution of particles concentrated in a narrow energy band. The band may be may be aligned with a secondary feature. For example, it may occur in a narrow cone aligned with the mean magnetic field direction.
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Superhalo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution evident in a second break in the distribution function (e.g., a different power law). It consists of a population with energies higher than that of coexisting halo population.
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Symmetric
Equal distribution about one or more axes.
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Tensor
A generalized linear quantity or geometrical entity that can be expressed as a multi-dimensional array relative to a choice of basis of the particular space on which it is defined.
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Total
The summation of quantities over all possible species.
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Trace
The sum of the elements on the main diagonal (the diagonal from the upper left to the lower right) of a square matrix.
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Uncertainty
A statistically defined discrepancy between a measured quantity and the true value of that quantity that cannot be corrected by calculation or calibration.
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Variance
A measure of dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. The expectation value of the squared deviations from the mean.
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Vector
A set of parameter values each along some independent variable (e.g., components of a field in three orthogonal spatial directions, atmospheric temperature values at several altitudes, or at a given latitude and longitude).
A property of a physical system usually related to periodic phenomena that remains constant under slowly varying conditions.
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AdiabaticInvariant.MagneticMoment
A constant of motion related to the gyromotion of a particle in a magnetic field that is either static or slowly varying with respect to the gyroperiod. The magnetic moment is usually denoted by using the lower-case Greek letter for mu, μ, and can be calculated by using μ=m(u^2/2B) where m is the particle mass, u is the velocity of the particle perpendicular to the constant or average magnetic field direction, and B is the magnitude of the magnetic field strength.
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AdiabaticInvariant.BounceMotion
The second adiabatic invariant is associated with periodic bounce motion of charged particles trapped between two magnetic mirrors on a magnetic field line. The second invariant, termed J, is defined by using the integral J=m ∫ v||*ds where m is the mass of the charged particle, v|| is the particle velocity along the field line, and ds represents elemental arc lengths along the field line. The second adiabatic invariant is conserved as long as changes in the background magnetic field occur at time scales much longer than the bounce time of the charged particles.
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AdiabaticInvariant.DriftMotion
The third invariant for charged particle motion in a dipolar magnetic field is associated with drift of its guiding center in the equatorial plane. The conserved quantity, J<sub>2</sub>, is equal to qφ where q is the particle charge and φ is the magnetic flux enclosed within the particle drift path.
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ArrivalDirection
An angular measure of the direction from which an energetic particle or photon was incident on a detector. The angles may be measured in any coordinate system.
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AtomicNumberDetected
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom as determined by a detector.
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AverageChargeState
A measure of the composite deficit (positive) or excess (negative) of electrons with respect to protons.
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ChargeFlux
The number of ionized particles passing through a unit area per unit time, for instance as measured by a Faraday cup.
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ChargeState
Charge of a fully or partially stripped ion, in units of the charge of a proton. Charge state of a bare proton is equal to one.
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CountRate
The number of events per unit time.
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Counts
The number of detection events occurring in a detector over the detector accumulation time.
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Current
It is the scalar quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit time flowing across a given surface.
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CurrentDensity
It is the vector quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit cross-sectional area per unit time flowing through a given point. Measurements of current density are often provided in terms of the magnetic perturbations (superposed upon a background magnetic field, if present) associated with the current density.
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DynamicPressure
Dynamic pressure is a measure of the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid. For instance, the solar wind dynamic pressure or ram pressure for a purely proton plasma is equal to m<sub>p</sub> n V<sup>2</sup> where m<sub>p</sub> is the proton mass, n is the proton number density, and V is the solar wind speed.
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Energy
The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic energy).
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Entropy
A function of thermodynamic quantity, such as temperature, pressure, or composition, that is a measure of the energy that is not available for work during a thermodynamic process. It is often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.
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EnergyDensity
The amount of energy per unit volume.
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EnergyFlux
The amount of energy passing through a unit area in a unit time.
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EnergyPerCharge
The kinetic energy, E, per unit net charge, q, that is E/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.
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FlowSpeed
The rate at which particles or energy is passing through a unit area in a unit time.
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FlowVelocity
The volume of matter passing through a unit area perpendicular to the direction of flow in a unit of time.
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Fluence
The time integral of a flux. A fluence is a not a measurement of flux per unit time.
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GeometricFactor
A measure of the gathering power of a particle detector. The geometric factor can be used to correct particle measurements by accounting for the fact that only a fraction of the source particles is able to gain entry through the aperture of a detector. For an isotopic source distribution, the geometric factor corresponds to the solid angle subtended by the aperture. In practice, determination of the geometric factor requires numerical modeling and depends on detector design and the characteristics of the source.
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Gyrofrequency
The number of gyrations around a magnetic guiding center (field line) a charged particle makes per unit time due to the Lorentz force.
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HeatFlux
Flow of thermal energy through a gas or plasma typically computed as third moment of a distribution function.
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LShell
The L-shell is the magnetic equatorial radius (in units of planetary radii) of a dipole magnetic field line. For instance, if the L-shell value equals 6 say at Earth, the magnetic field lines cross the magnetic equator at six Earth radii. The L-shell concept can be applied generally to any magnetized planet or satellite with a dominant dipolar magnetic field moment.
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Mass
The measure of inertia (mass) of individual objects (e.g., aerosols).
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MassDensity
The mass of particles per unit volume.
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MassNumber
The total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus.
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MassPerCharge
The mass, m, per unit net charge, q, that is m/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.
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NumberDensity
The number of particles per unit volume.
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NumberFlux
The number of particles passing a unit area in unit time, possibly also per unit energy (or equivalent) and/or per unit look direction.
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ParticleRadius
The mean radius for a Gaussian distribution of particles with an axial ratio of 2 and a distribution width that varies as 0.5 radius. A value of zero means no cloud was detected.
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ParticleRigidity
The particle momentum per unit charge. The particle Rigidity, R, is equal to pc/Ze.
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PhaseSpaceDensity
The number of particles per unit volume in the six-dimensional space of position and velocity.
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PlasmaFrequency
A number density dependent characteristic frequency of a plasma.
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Pressure
The force per unit area exerted by a particle distribution or field.
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SonicMachNumber
The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the speed of sound in the medium.
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SoundSpeed
The speed at which sound travels through a medium.
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Temperature
A measure of the kinetic energy of random motion with respect to the average. Temperature is properly defined only for an equilibrium particle distribution (Maxwellian distribution).
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ThermalSpeed
For a Maxwellian distribution, the difference between the mean speed and the speed within 69% (one sigma) of all the members of the speed distribution occur.
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Velocity
Rate of change of position. Also used for the average velocity of a collection of particles, also referred to as bulk velocity.
Electric and magnetic field variations in time and space that propagate through a medium or a vacuum. The wave propagation direction, electric field vector, and magnetic field vector form an orthogonal triad. Waves in this category are detected by having their field quantities measured.
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Electrostatic
Collective longitudinal electric-field and plasma oscillations trapped within a body of plasma.
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Hydrodynamic
Periodic or quasi-periodic oscillations of fluid quantities.
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MHD
Hydrodynamic waves in a magnetized plasma in which the background magnetic field plays a key role in controlling the wave propagation characteristics.
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Photon
Electromagnetic waves detected by techniques that utilize their corpuscular character (e.g., CCD, CMOS, or Photomultiplier).
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PlasmaWaves
Self-consistent collective oscillations of particles and fields (electric and magnetic) in a plasma.
A sequence of values corresponding to the elements in a rectilinear, n-dimension matrix. Each value can be referenced by a unique index.
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AutoSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the auto correlation function for physical or empirical observations, which describes the general dependence of the time series data values at one instant on the time series data values at another instant.
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Average
The statistical mean equal to the sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set.
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Characteristic
A quantity which can be easily identified and measured in a given environment.
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Circular
Relative to polarization, right-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating clockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. Left-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating counterclockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. The polarization of magnetohydrodynamic waves is specified with respect to the ambient mean magnetic field. Right-handed polarized waves have a transverse electric field component which turns in a right-handed sense (that of the gyrating electrons) around the magnetic field.
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Coherence
The coherence between two signals x(t) and y(t), C<sub>xy</sub>, is a real-valued function. The square of the coherence is defined by using: Cxy^2=|Gxy(f)|^2/Gxx(f)Gyy(f) where Gxy(f) is equal to the cross-spectral density between two time series denoted as x and y, respectively, and Gxx(f) and Gyy(f) are equal to the auto-spectral densities of the same two time series. Values of Cxy^2 always lie in the range between zero and one, 0<=Cxy^2<=1, in accordance with the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.
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Column
A 2-D measure of a quantity. The column is the area over which the quantity is measured.
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Component
Projection of a vector along one of the base axes of a coordinate system.
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Component.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Confidence
An expression of how certain that a quantity is valid or accurate.
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Core
The central or main part of an object or calculated distribution. For example, the part of a distribution of particles at low energies that is a thermal (Maxwellian) population.
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CrossSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the cross correlation of two physical or empirical observations.
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Deviation
The difference between an observed value and the expected value of a quantity.
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Differential
A measurement within a narrow range of energy and/or solid angle.
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Direction
The spatial relation between an object and another object, the orientation of the object or the course along which the object points or moves.
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Directional
A measurement within a narrow range of solid angle.
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DirectionAngle
The angle between a position vector or measured vector (or one of its projections onto a plane) and one of the base axes of the coordinate system.
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DirectionAngle.AzimuthAngle
The angle between the projection into the I-J plane of a position or measured vector and the I-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(J/I). This term could be also applied to angles measured in different planes, i.e., the IMF clock angle defined as arctan(|By|/Bz).
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DirectionAngle.ElevationAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the I-J plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(K/sqrt(I^2+J^2)).
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DirectionAngle.PolarAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k). This term could be also applied to angles between the vector and other components, for example the IMF cone angle defined as arccos(B<sub>x</sub>/B<sub>t</sub>).
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DirectionCosine
The cosine of the angle between two vectors usually between a vector and one of the basis axes defining a Cartesian coordinate system. Three angles and thus three direction cosines are required to define a vector direction in a 3-D Euclidean space.
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DirectionCosine.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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EncodedParameter
A variable that uses successive bits to encode, this is bitwise encode, a set of conditions by using a composited multi-bit numeric value. A common example is a bitwise encoded flag that denotes whether various possible errors that may affect a particular measurement. For example, a bit value equal to zero may indicate the absence of a particular error condition while a value equal to one would indicate the possibility that the associated datum should be ignored or used with caution due to the same error categorization.
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FieldAligned
The component of a quantity which is oriented in the same direction of a field.
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Fit
Values that make a model agree with the data.
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Group
An assemblage of values that a certain relation or common characteristic.
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Halo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution. For example, the particles above the core energies that show enhancements above the thermal population. Typically, a "power law tail" shows a break from the core Maxwellian at a particular energy.
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ImaginaryPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z=a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient b is called the imaginary part of the complex number z.
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Integral
A flux measurement in a broad range of energy and solid angle.
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Integral.Area
Integration over the extent of a planar region, or of the surface of a solid.
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Integral.Bandwidth
Integration over the width a frequency band.
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Integral.SolidAngle
Integration over the angle in 3-D space that an object subtends at a point.
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Linear
Polarization where the E-field vector is confined to a given plane.
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LineOfSight
The line of sight is the line that connects the observer with the observed object. This expression is often used with measurements of Doppler velocity and magnetic field in magnetograms, where only the component of the vector field directed along the line of sight is measured.
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Magnitude
A measure of the strength of a vector quantity or length of its representational vector.
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Maximum
The largest value of a batch or sample or the upper bound of a probability distribution.
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Median
The measure of central tendency of a set of n values computed by ordering the values and taking the value at position (n+1)/2 when n is odd or the arithmetic mean of the values at positions n/2 and (n/2)+1 when n is even.
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Minimum
The smallest value of a batch or sample or the lower bound of a probability distribution.
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Moment
Parameters determined by integration over a distribution function convolved with a power of velocity.
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Parallel
Having the same direction as a given direction.
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Peak
The maximum value for the quantity in question, over a period of time which is usually equal to the cadence.
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Perpendicular
At right angles to a given direction.
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Perturbation
Variations in the state of a system.
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Phase
A point or portion in a recurring series of changes.
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PhaseAngle
Phase difference between two or more waves, normally expressed in degrees.
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PowerSpectralDensity
The Power Spectral Density, PSD, is the measure of signal power content versus frequency, energy, wave number, etc. A PSD is typically used to characterize broadband random signals. The amplitude of the PSD is normalized by the spectral resolution employed to digitize the signal.
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Projection
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector as projected into a plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IJ
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-J (typically X-Y) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-K (typically X-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.JK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the J-K (typically Y-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Pseudo
Similar to or having the appearance of something else. Can be used to indicate an estimation or approximation of a particular quantity.
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Ratio
The relative magnitudes of two quantities.
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RealPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z= a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient a is called the real part of the complex number z.
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Scalar
A quantity that is completely specified by its magnitude and has no direction.
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Spectral
Characterized as a range or continuum of frequencies.
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StandardDeviation
The square root of the average of the squares of deviations about the mean of a set of data. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of spread or variability.
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StokesParameters
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.
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Strahl
A distribution of particles concentrated in a narrow energy band. The band may be may be aligned with a secondary feature. For example, it may occur in a narrow cone aligned with the mean magnetic field direction.
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Superhalo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution evident in a second break in the distribution function (e.g., a different power law). It consists of a population with energies higher than that of coexisting halo population.
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Symmetric
Equal distribution about one or more axes.
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Tensor
A generalized linear quantity or geometrical entity that can be expressed as a multi-dimensional array relative to a choice of basis of the particular space on which it is defined.
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Total
The summation of quantities over all possible species.
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Trace
The sum of the elements on the main diagonal (the diagonal from the upper left to the lower right) of a square matrix.
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Uncertainty
A statistically defined discrepancy between a measured quantity and the true value of that quantity that cannot be corrected by calculation or calibration.
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Variance
A measure of dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. The expectation value of the squared deviations from the mean.
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Vector
A set of parameter values each along some independent variable (e.g., components of a field in three orthogonal spatial directions, atmospheric temperature values at several altitudes, or at a given latitude and longitude).
Decrease of radiant energy (relative to the background continuum spectrum).
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ACElectricField
Alternating electric field component of a wave.
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ACMagneticField
Alternating magnetic field component of a wave.
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Albedo
The ratio of reflected radiation from the surface to incident radiation upon it.
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DopplerFrequency
Change in the frequency of a propagating wave due to motion of the source, the observer, the reflector, or the propagation medium.
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Emissivity
The energy emitted spontaneously per unit bandwidth (typically frequency) per unit time per unit mass of source. Emissivity is usually integrated over all directions/solid angles.
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EnergyFlux
The amount of energy passing through a unit area in a unit time.
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EquivalentWidth
The spectral width of a total absorption line having the amount of absorbed radiant energy being equivalent to that in an observed absorption line.
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Frequency
The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time.
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Gyrofrequency
The number of gyrations around a magnetic guiding center (field line) a charged particle makes per unit time due to the Lorentz force.
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Intensity
The measurement of radiant or wave energy per unit detector area per unit bandwidth per unit solid angle per unit time.
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LineDepth
The measure of the amount of absorption below the continuum (depth) in a particular wavelength or frequency in an absorption spectrum.
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LowerHybridFrequency
Lower hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons and ions in a magnetized plasma. The propagation of lower hybrid waves must be close to perpendicular to the background magnetic field in so that electrons cannot move along field lines thus preventing wave growth. The lower hybrid frequency, φ<sub>LH</sub>, can be calculated by using φ<sub>LH</sub>=[(ω<sub>ce</sub>ω<sub>ci</sub>)<sup>-1</sup>+φ<sub>pi</sub><sup>-2</sup>]<sup>-1/2</sup> where ω<sub>ce</sub> and ω<sub>ci</sub> are the electron and ion cyclotron frequencies, respectively, and $phi;<sub>LH</sub> is the ion plasma frequency.
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MagneticField
A region of space near a magnetized body where magnetic forces can be detected (as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting, etc.).
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ModeAmplitude
In helioseismology the magnitude of oscillation of waves of a particular geometry.
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PlasmaFrequency
A number density dependent characteristic frequency of a plasma.
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Polarization
Direction of the electric vector of an electromagnetic wave. The wave can be linearly polarized in any direction perpendicular to the direction of travel, circularly polarized (clockwise or counterclockwise), unpolarized, or mixtures of the above.
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PoyntingFlux
Electromagnetic energy flux transported by a wave characterized as the rate of energy transport per unit area per steradian.
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PropagationTime
Time difference between transmission and reception of a wave in an active wave experiment.
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StokesParameters
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.
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UpperHybridFrequency
Upper hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons perpendicular to the magnetic field. The upper hybrid frequency, φ<sub>UH</sub>, is governed by the relationship φ<sub>UH</sub>^2=φ<sub>pe</sub>^2+θ<sub>ce</sub>^2 where φ<sub>pe</sub> is electron plasma frequency and θ<sub>ce</sub> is the electron cyclotron frequency.
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Velocity
Rate of change of position. Also used for the average velocity of a collection of particles, also referred to as bulk velocity.
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VolumeEmissionRate
The volume emission rate, e(r,t,l), is the number of photons emitted per unit source volume per second (photons/m^3/s), as measured along the line of sight between the source point and the observer. The Volume Emission Rate is in general a function of the line-of-sight distance, r, time, t, and wavelength, l. The Volume Emission Rate is actually not a directly measurable quantity. However, the term has been commonly used in both data product descriptions and research publications.
A measure of the magnetopause energy flux and an indicator of the solar wind power available for subsequent magnetospheric energization. Defined as: V*B^2*l^2sin(theta/2)^4 where B is the IMF, l is an empirical scaling parameter equal to 7 R<sub>E</sub>, and theta=tan(By/Bz)^-1 the IMF clock angle.
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AlfvenMachNumber
The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the Alfven speed.
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AlfvenVelocity
Phase velocity of the Alfven wave. In SI units it is the velocity of the magnetic field divided by the square root of the mass density times the permeability of free space (μ<sub>0</sub>).
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FrequencyToGyrofrequencyRatio
The ratio of the characteristic frequency of a medium to gyrofrequency of a particle.
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IMFClockAngle
The clockwise angle of the direction of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) measured in the plane of the body pole perpendicular to the line between the body and the Sun.
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MagnetosonicMachNumber
The ratio of the velocity of fast mode waves to the Alfven velocity.
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Other
Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.
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PlasmaBeta
The ratio of the plasma pressure (nkT) to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a single component plasma or the ratio of the plasma pressure sum over i of (n<sub>i</sub>kT<sub>i</sub>) for all species i to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a multi components plasma.
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SolarUVFlux
The amount of ultraviolet energy originating from the Sun passing through a unit area in a unit time.
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TotalPressure
In an MHD fluid it is the number density (N) times Boltzmann constant times the temperature in Kelvin.
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VCrossB
The cross product of the charge velocity (V) and the magnetic field (B). It is the electric field exerted on a point charge by a magnetic field.
A suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in a gas.
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AlphaParticle
A positively charged nuclear particle that consists of two protons and two neutrons.
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Atom
Matter consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons which has no net charge.
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Dust
Free microscopic particles of solid material.
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Electron
An elementary particle that has a negative charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 9.10938*10^-31 kg.
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Ion
An atom that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons (Note: Z>2).
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Molecule
A group of atoms so united and combined by chemical affinity that they form a complete, integrated whole, being the smallest portion of any particular compound that can exist in a free state.
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Neutron
An elementary particle with neutral charge that is a constituent of atomic nuclei. Neutrons have a rest mass slightly large than that of a proton equal to about 1.67493*10^-24 kg.
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Proton
An elementary particle that is a constituent of all atomic nuclei. Protons have a positive charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 1.67262*10^-27 kg.
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Positron
An elementary particle that has a positive charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 9.10938*10^-31 kg.
A sequence of values corresponding to the elements in a rectilinear, n-dimension matrix. Each value can be referenced by a unique index.
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AutoSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the auto correlation function for physical or empirical observations, which describes the general dependence of the time series data values at one instant on the time series data values at another instant.
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Average
The statistical mean equal to the sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set.
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Characteristic
A quantity which can be easily identified and measured in a given environment.
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Circular
Relative to polarization, right-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating clockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. Left-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating counterclockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. The polarization of magnetohydrodynamic waves is specified with respect to the ambient mean magnetic field. Right-handed polarized waves have a transverse electric field component which turns in a right-handed sense (that of the gyrating electrons) around the magnetic field.
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Coherence
The coherence between two signals x(t) and y(t), C<sub>xy</sub>, is a real-valued function. The square of the coherence is defined by using: Cxy^2=|Gxy(f)|^2/Gxx(f)Gyy(f) where Gxy(f) is equal to the cross-spectral density between two time series denoted as x and y, respectively, and Gxx(f) and Gyy(f) are equal to the auto-spectral densities of the same two time series. Values of Cxy^2 always lie in the range between zero and one, 0<=Cxy^2<=1, in accordance with the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.
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Column
A 2-D measure of a quantity. The column is the area over which the quantity is measured.
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Component
Projection of a vector along one of the base axes of a coordinate system.
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Component.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Confidence
An expression of how certain that a quantity is valid or accurate.
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Core
The central or main part of an object or calculated distribution. For example, the part of a distribution of particles at low energies that is a thermal (Maxwellian) population.
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CrossSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the cross correlation of two physical or empirical observations.
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Deviation
The difference between an observed value and the expected value of a quantity.
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Differential
A measurement within a narrow range of energy and/or solid angle.
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Direction
The spatial relation between an object and another object, the orientation of the object or the course along which the object points or moves.
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Directional
A measurement within a narrow range of solid angle.
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DirectionAngle
The angle between a position vector or measured vector (or one of its projections onto a plane) and one of the base axes of the coordinate system.
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DirectionAngle.AzimuthAngle
The angle between the projection into the I-J plane of a position or measured vector and the I-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(J/I). This term could be also applied to angles measured in different planes, i.e., the IMF clock angle defined as arctan(|By|/Bz).
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DirectionAngle.ElevationAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the I-J plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(K/sqrt(I^2+J^2)).
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DirectionAngle.PolarAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k). This term could be also applied to angles between the vector and other components, for example the IMF cone angle defined as arccos(B<sub>x</sub>/B<sub>t</sub>).
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DirectionCosine
The cosine of the angle between two vectors usually between a vector and one of the basis axes defining a Cartesian coordinate system. Three angles and thus three direction cosines are required to define a vector direction in a 3-D Euclidean space.
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DirectionCosine.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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EncodedParameter
A variable that uses successive bits to encode, this is bitwise encode, a set of conditions by using a composited multi-bit numeric value. A common example is a bitwise encoded flag that denotes whether various possible errors that may affect a particular measurement. For example, a bit value equal to zero may indicate the absence of a particular error condition while a value equal to one would indicate the possibility that the associated datum should be ignored or used with caution due to the same error categorization.
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FieldAligned
The component of a quantity which is oriented in the same direction of a field.
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Fit
Values that make a model agree with the data.
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Group
An assemblage of values that a certain relation or common characteristic.
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Halo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution. For example, the particles above the core energies that show enhancements above the thermal population. Typically, a "power law tail" shows a break from the core Maxwellian at a particular energy.
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ImaginaryPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z=a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient b is called the imaginary part of the complex number z.
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Integral
A flux measurement in a broad range of energy and solid angle.
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Integral.Area
Integration over the extent of a planar region, or of the surface of a solid.
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Integral.Bandwidth
Integration over the width a frequency band.
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Integral.SolidAngle
Integration over the angle in 3-D space that an object subtends at a point.
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Linear
Polarization where the E-field vector is confined to a given plane.
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LineOfSight
The line of sight is the line that connects the observer with the observed object. This expression is often used with measurements of Doppler velocity and magnetic field in magnetograms, where only the component of the vector field directed along the line of sight is measured.
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Magnitude
A measure of the strength of a vector quantity or length of its representational vector.
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Maximum
The largest value of a batch or sample or the upper bound of a probability distribution.
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Median
The measure of central tendency of a set of n values computed by ordering the values and taking the value at position (n+1)/2 when n is odd or the arithmetic mean of the values at positions n/2 and (n/2)+1 when n is even.
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Minimum
The smallest value of a batch or sample or the lower bound of a probability distribution.
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Moment
Parameters determined by integration over a distribution function convolved with a power of velocity.
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Parallel
Having the same direction as a given direction.
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Peak
The maximum value for the quantity in question, over a period of time which is usually equal to the cadence.
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Perpendicular
At right angles to a given direction.
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Perturbation
Variations in the state of a system.
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Phase
A point or portion in a recurring series of changes.
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PhaseAngle
Phase difference between two or more waves, normally expressed in degrees.
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PowerSpectralDensity
The Power Spectral Density, PSD, is the measure of signal power content versus frequency, energy, wave number, etc. A PSD is typically used to characterize broadband random signals. The amplitude of the PSD is normalized by the spectral resolution employed to digitize the signal.
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Projection
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector as projected into a plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IJ
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-J (typically X-Y) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-K (typically X-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.JK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the J-K (typically Y-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Pseudo
Similar to or having the appearance of something else. Can be used to indicate an estimation or approximation of a particular quantity.
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Ratio
The relative magnitudes of two quantities.
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RealPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z= a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient a is called the real part of the complex number z.
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Scalar
A quantity that is completely specified by its magnitude and has no direction.
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Spectral
Characterized as a range or continuum of frequencies.
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StandardDeviation
The square root of the average of the squares of deviations about the mean of a set of data. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of spread or variability.
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StokesParameters
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.
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Strahl
A distribution of particles concentrated in a narrow energy band. The band may be may be aligned with a secondary feature. For example, it may occur in a narrow cone aligned with the mean magnetic field direction.
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Superhalo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution evident in a second break in the distribution function (e.g., a different power law). It consists of a population with energies higher than that of coexisting halo population.
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Symmetric
Equal distribution about one or more axes.
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Tensor
A generalized linear quantity or geometrical entity that can be expressed as a multi-dimensional array relative to a choice of basis of the particular space on which it is defined.
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Total
The summation of quantities over all possible species.
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Trace
The sum of the elements on the main diagonal (the diagonal from the upper left to the lower right) of a square matrix.
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Uncertainty
A statistically defined discrepancy between a measured quantity and the true value of that quantity that cannot be corrected by calculation or calibration.
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Variance
A measure of dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. The expectation value of the squared deviations from the mean.
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Vector
A set of parameter values each along some independent variable (e.g., components of a field in three orthogonal spatial directions, atmospheric temperature values at several altitudes, or at a given latitude and longitude).
A sequence of values corresponding to the elements in a rectilinear, n-dimension matrix. Each value can be referenced by a unique index.
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AutoSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the auto correlation function for physical or empirical observations, which describes the general dependence of the time series data values at one instant on the time series data values at another instant.
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Average
The statistical mean equal to the sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set.
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Characteristic
A quantity which can be easily identified and measured in a given environment.
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Circular
Relative to polarization, right-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating clockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. Left-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating counterclockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. The polarization of magnetohydrodynamic waves is specified with respect to the ambient mean magnetic field. Right-handed polarized waves have a transverse electric field component which turns in a right-handed sense (that of the gyrating electrons) around the magnetic field.
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Coherence
The coherence between two signals x(t) and y(t), C<sub>xy</sub>, is a real-valued function. The square of the coherence is defined by using: Cxy^2=|Gxy(f)|^2/Gxx(f)Gyy(f) where Gxy(f) is equal to the cross-spectral density between two time series denoted as x and y, respectively, and Gxx(f) and Gyy(f) are equal to the auto-spectral densities of the same two time series. Values of Cxy^2 always lie in the range between zero and one, 0<=Cxy^2<=1, in accordance with the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.
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Column
A 2-D measure of a quantity. The column is the area over which the quantity is measured.
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Component
Projection of a vector along one of the base axes of a coordinate system.
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Component.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Confidence
An expression of how certain that a quantity is valid or accurate.
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Core
The central or main part of an object or calculated distribution. For example, the part of a distribution of particles at low energies that is a thermal (Maxwellian) population.
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CrossSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the cross correlation of two physical or empirical observations.
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Deviation
The difference between an observed value and the expected value of a quantity.
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Differential
A measurement within a narrow range of energy and/or solid angle.
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Direction
The spatial relation between an object and another object, the orientation of the object or the course along which the object points or moves.
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Directional
A measurement within a narrow range of solid angle.
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DirectionAngle
The angle between a position vector or measured vector (or one of its projections onto a plane) and one of the base axes of the coordinate system.
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DirectionAngle.AzimuthAngle
The angle between the projection into the I-J plane of a position or measured vector and the I-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(J/I). This term could be also applied to angles measured in different planes, i.e., the IMF clock angle defined as arctan(|By|/Bz).
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DirectionAngle.ElevationAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the I-J plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(K/sqrt(I^2+J^2)).
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DirectionAngle.PolarAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k). This term could be also applied to angles between the vector and other components, for example the IMF cone angle defined as arccos(B<sub>x</sub>/B<sub>t</sub>).
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DirectionCosine
The cosine of the angle between two vectors usually between a vector and one of the basis axes defining a Cartesian coordinate system. Three angles and thus three direction cosines are required to define a vector direction in a 3-D Euclidean space.
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DirectionCosine.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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EncodedParameter
A variable that uses successive bits to encode, this is bitwise encode, a set of conditions by using a composited multi-bit numeric value. A common example is a bitwise encoded flag that denotes whether various possible errors that may affect a particular measurement. For example, a bit value equal to zero may indicate the absence of a particular error condition while a value equal to one would indicate the possibility that the associated datum should be ignored or used with caution due to the same error categorization.
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FieldAligned
The component of a quantity which is oriented in the same direction of a field.
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Fit
Values that make a model agree with the data.
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Group
An assemblage of values that a certain relation or common characteristic.
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Halo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution. For example, the particles above the core energies that show enhancements above the thermal population. Typically, a "power law tail" shows a break from the core Maxwellian at a particular energy.
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ImaginaryPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z=a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient b is called the imaginary part of the complex number z.
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Integral
A flux measurement in a broad range of energy and solid angle.
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Integral.Area
Integration over the extent of a planar region, or of the surface of a solid.
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Integral.Bandwidth
Integration over the width a frequency band.
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Integral.SolidAngle
Integration over the angle in 3-D space that an object subtends at a point.
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Linear
Polarization where the E-field vector is confined to a given plane.
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LineOfSight
The line of sight is the line that connects the observer with the observed object. This expression is often used with measurements of Doppler velocity and magnetic field in magnetograms, where only the component of the vector field directed along the line of sight is measured.
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Magnitude
A measure of the strength of a vector quantity or length of its representational vector.
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Maximum
The largest value of a batch or sample or the upper bound of a probability distribution.
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Median
The measure of central tendency of a set of n values computed by ordering the values and taking the value at position (n+1)/2 when n is odd or the arithmetic mean of the values at positions n/2 and (n/2)+1 when n is even.
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Minimum
The smallest value of a batch or sample or the lower bound of a probability distribution.
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Moment
Parameters determined by integration over a distribution function convolved with a power of velocity.
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Parallel
Having the same direction as a given direction.
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Peak
The maximum value for the quantity in question, over a period of time which is usually equal to the cadence.
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Perpendicular
At right angles to a given direction.
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Perturbation
Variations in the state of a system.
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Phase
A point or portion in a recurring series of changes.
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PhaseAngle
Phase difference between two or more waves, normally expressed in degrees.
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PowerSpectralDensity
The Power Spectral Density, PSD, is the measure of signal power content versus frequency, energy, wave number, etc. A PSD is typically used to characterize broadband random signals. The amplitude of the PSD is normalized by the spectral resolution employed to digitize the signal.
enumeration
Projection
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector as projected into a plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IJ
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-J (typically X-Y) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-K (typically X-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.JK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the J-K (typically Y-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Pseudo
Similar to or having the appearance of something else. Can be used to indicate an estimation or approximation of a particular quantity.
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Ratio
The relative magnitudes of two quantities.
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RealPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z= a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient a is called the real part of the complex number z.
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Scalar
A quantity that is completely specified by its magnitude and has no direction.
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Spectral
Characterized as a range or continuum of frequencies.
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StandardDeviation
The square root of the average of the squares of deviations about the mean of a set of data. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of spread or variability.
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StokesParameters
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.
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Strahl
A distribution of particles concentrated in a narrow energy band. The band may be may be aligned with a secondary feature. For example, it may occur in a narrow cone aligned with the mean magnetic field direction.
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Superhalo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution evident in a second break in the distribution function (e.g., a different power law). It consists of a population with energies higher than that of coexisting halo population.
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Symmetric
Equal distribution about one or more axes.
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Tensor
A generalized linear quantity or geometrical entity that can be expressed as a multi-dimensional array relative to a choice of basis of the particular space on which it is defined.
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Total
The summation of quantities over all possible species.
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Trace
The sum of the elements on the main diagonal (the diagonal from the upper left to the lower right) of a square matrix.
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Uncertainty
A statistically defined discrepancy between a measured quantity and the true value of that quantity that cannot be corrected by calculation or calibration.
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Variance
A measure of dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. The expectation value of the squared deviations from the mean.
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Vector
A set of parameter values each along some independent variable (e.g., components of a field in three orthogonal spatial directions, atmospheric temperature values at several altitudes, or at a given latitude and longitude).
An ancillary parameter that denotes the standard or degree of accuracy, trustworthiness, or usefulness of another parameter.
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Housekeeping
Parameters that indicate the status or health state of instruments or monitoring devices as measured in physical units such as that for current, voltage, or temperature. Housekeeping data can be analyzed to determine whether instruments are working correctly and the knowledge of their values may be used to avoid errors or even device failures.
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InstrumentMode
An indication of a state (mode) in which the instrument is operating. How a mode influences the interpretation and representation of data is described in instrument related documentation.
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Orientation
The specification of the directional alignment of an object or measurement in a reference coordinate system. The orientation such as a spacecraft spin axis attitude is usually expressed as one or more angles relative to the basis axes of some specified physical space usually together with the date/time of the observation.
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Other
Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.
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Positional
The specification of the location of an object or measurement within a reference coordinate system. The position is usually expressed as a set of values corresponding to the location along a set of orthogonal axes together with the date/time of the observation.
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Remark
A notice, comment, or observation.
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RotationMatrix
A tensor that is used to perform vector data transformation from one coordinate system to another.
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SpinPeriod
The time required for an object such as a spacecraft or planet to perform one full rotation in a given frame of reference.
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SpinPhase
An angular based or normalized parameter that specifies the spin state of an object such as a spacecraft or planet in a specific coordinate system usually together with the date/time of the observation.
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SpinRate
The angular rate of change of the spin angle of an object such as a spacecraft or planet.
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Telemetry
Parameters that include full packets of data from monitoring devices or the memory addresses of datum within telemetry packets. The data comprising telemetry packets are typically expressed by using non-physical engineering units and may be used to express a variety of device operating conditions such as command acceptance/execution, housekeeping, event characterization, memory dumps, and science data. Telemetry packets may be raw or unpacked.
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Temporal
Pertaining to time.
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Velocity
Rate of change of position. Also used for the average velocity of a collection of particles, also referred to as bulk velocity.
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WebResource
A Web page or file-based resource accessible by a URL.
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WebService
A Web-based service that uses SOAP, WSDL or UDDI open standards.
Data wherein sensor outputs have been convolved with instrument response function, often irreversibly, to yield data in physical units. Similar to NASA Level 2.
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Raw
Data in its original state with no processing to account for calibration. Similar to NASA Level 0.
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Uncalibrated
Duplicate data are removed from the data stream and data are time ordered. Values are not adjusted for any potential biases or external factors. Similar to NASA Level 1.
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ValueAdded
Calibrated data that has been mapped on uniform space-time grid scales with gaps, flags and out-of-range values replaced with appropriate values. Similar to NASA Level 3.
An indication, derived from one or more measurements, of the level of activity of an object or region, such as sunspot number, F10.7 flux, Dst, or the Polar Cap Indices.
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Dopplergram
A map or image depicting the spatial distribution of line-of-sight velocities of the observed object.
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Dust
Free microscopic particles of solid material.
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ElectricField
A region of space around a charged particle, or between two voltages within which a force is exerted on charged objects in its vicinity. An electric field is the electric force per unit charge.
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EnergeticParticles
Pieces of matter that are moving very fast. Energetic particles include protons, electrons, neutrons, neutrinos, the nuclei of atoms, and other sub-atomic particles.
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Ephemeris
The spatial coordinates of a body as a function of time. When used as an Instrument Type it represents the process or methods used to generate spatial coordinates.
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ImageIntensity
Measurements of the 2-D distribution of the intensity of photons from some region or object such as the Sun or the polar auroral regions, can be in any wavelength band, and polarized, etc.
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InstrumentStatus
A quantity directly related to the operation or function of an instrument.
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IonComposition
In situ measurements of the relative flux or density of electrically charged particles in the space environment. May give simple fluxes, but full distribution functions are sometimes measured.
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Irradiance
A radiometric term for the power of electromagnetic radiation at a surface, per unit area. Irradiance is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. Irradiance data may be reported in any units (i.e., counts/s) due to, for example, being at a particular wavelength, or to being a not fully calibrated relative measurement.
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MagneticField
A region of space near a magnetized body where magnetic forces can be detected (as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting, etc.).
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Magnetogram
Measurements of the vector or line-of-sight magnetic field determined from remote sensing measurements of the detailed structure of spectral lines, including their splitting and polarization.
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NeutralAtomImages
Measurements of neutral atom fluxes as a function of look direction often related to remote energetic charged particles that lose their charge through charge-exchange and then reach the detector on a line-of-sight trajectory.
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NeutralGas
Measurements of neutral atomic and molecular components of a gas.
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Profile
Measurements of a quantity as a function of height above an object such as the limb of a body.
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Radiance
A radiometric measurement that describes the amount of electromagnetic radiation that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle in a specified direction. They are used to characterize both emission from diffuse sources and reflection from diffuse surfaces.
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Spectrum
The distribution of a characteristic of a physical system or phenomenon, such as the energy emitted by a radiant source, arranged in the order of wavelengths.
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SPICE
SPICE is an ancillary information system that provides scientists and engineers the capability to include space geometry and event data into mission design, science observation planning, and science data analysis software. The staff of the NASA Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility, NAIF, which is located at JPL provides SPICE support for planetary, heliophysics, and Earth science missions, see https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/index.html. This SPICE has been adapted from text on NAF hosted web pages.
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ThermalPlasma
Measurements of the plasma in the energy regime where the most of the plasma occurs. May be the basic fluxes in the form of distribution functions or the derived bulk parameters (density, flow velocity, etc.).
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Waves
Data resulting from observations of wave experiments and natural wave phenomena. Wave experiments are typically active and natural wave phenomena are passive. Examples of wave experiments include coherent/incoherent scatter radars, radio soundings, VLF propagation studies, ionospheric scintillation of beacon satellite signals, etc. Examples of natural wave phenomena include micropulsations, mesospheric gravity waves, auroral/plasmaspheric hiss, Langmuir waves, AKR, Jovian decametric radiation, solar radio bursts, etc.
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Waves.Active
Exerting an influence or producing a change or effect. An active measurement is one which produces a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.
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Waves.Passive
Movement or effect produced by outside influence. A passive measurement is one which does not produce a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.
A small extraterrestrial body consisting mostly of rock and metal that is in orbit around the Sun.
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Comet
A relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit.
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Comet.1PHalley
1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.
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Comet.26PGriggSkjellerup
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.
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Comet.67PChuryumovGerasimenko
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.
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Earth
The third planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Earth.Magnetosheath
The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.
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Earth.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Earth.Moon
The only natural satellite of the Earth.
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Earth.NearSurface
The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.
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Earth.NearSurface.Atmosphere
The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.AuroralRegion
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.
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Earth.NearSurface.EquatorialRegion
A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion
A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside
The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.
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Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.NearSurface.PolarCap
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.
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Earth.NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion
The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Stratosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.
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Earth.NearSurface.Thermosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.Troposphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.
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Earth.Surface
The outermost area of a solid object.
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Heliosphere
The solar atmosphere extending roughly from the outer corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.
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Heliosphere.Heliosheath
The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.
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Heliosphere.Inner
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.
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Heliosphere.NearEarth
The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.
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Heliosphere.Outer
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.
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Heliosphere.Remote1AU
A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.
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Interstellar
The region between stars outside of any stellar heliopause.
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Jupiter
The fifth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Jupiter.Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars
The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mars.Deimos
The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.
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Mars.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars.Phobos
The larger and inner most moon of Mars.
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Mercury
The first planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune
The seventh planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune.Proteus
The second largest moon of Neptune.
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Neptune.Triton
The largest moon of Neptune.
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Pluto
The ninth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Saturn
The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Saturn.Dione
The fourth largest moon of Saturn.
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Saturn.Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Saturn.Iapetus
The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Saturn.Mimas
The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.
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Saturn.Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Tethys
The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.
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Saturn.Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Sun
The star upon which our solar system is centered.
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Sun.Chromosphere
The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.
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Sun.Corona
The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.
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Sun.Interior
The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.
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Sun.Photosphere
The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.
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Sun.TransitionRegion
A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.
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Uranus
The eighth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Uranus.Ariel
The fourth largest moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Uranus.Miranda
The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Oberon
The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Puck
The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Titania
The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Umbriel
The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.
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Venus
The second planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Venus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
Data wherein sensor outputs have been convolved with instrument response function, often irreversibly, to yield data in physical units. Similar to NASA Level 2.
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Raw
Data in its original state with no processing to account for calibration. Similar to NASA Level 0.
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Uncalibrated
Duplicate data are removed from the data stream and data are time ordered. Values are not adjusted for any potential biases or external factors. Similar to NASA Level 1.
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ValueAdded
Calibrated data that has been mapped on uniform space-time grid scales with gaps, flags and out-of-range values replaced with appropriate values. Similar to NASA Level 3.
An indication, derived from one or more measurements, of the level of activity of an object or region, such as sunspot number, F10.7 flux, Dst, or the Polar Cap Indices.
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Dopplergram
A map or image depicting the spatial distribution of line-of-sight velocities of the observed object.
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Dust
Free microscopic particles of solid material.
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ElectricField
A region of space around a charged particle, or between two voltages within which a force is exerted on charged objects in its vicinity. An electric field is the electric force per unit charge.
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EnergeticParticles
Pieces of matter that are moving very fast. Energetic particles include protons, electrons, neutrons, neutrinos, the nuclei of atoms, and other sub-atomic particles.
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Ephemeris
The spatial coordinates of a body as a function of time. When used as an Instrument Type it represents the process or methods used to generate spatial coordinates.
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ImageIntensity
Measurements of the 2-D distribution of the intensity of photons from some region or object such as the Sun or the polar auroral regions, can be in any wavelength band, and polarized, etc.
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InstrumentStatus
A quantity directly related to the operation or function of an instrument.
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IonComposition
In situ measurements of the relative flux or density of electrically charged particles in the space environment. May give simple fluxes, but full distribution functions are sometimes measured.
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Irradiance
A radiometric term for the power of electromagnetic radiation at a surface, per unit area. Irradiance is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. Irradiance data may be reported in any units (i.e., counts/s) due to, for example, being at a particular wavelength, or to being a not fully calibrated relative measurement.
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MagneticField
A region of space near a magnetized body where magnetic forces can be detected (as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting, etc.).
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Magnetogram
Measurements of the vector or line-of-sight magnetic field determined from remote sensing measurements of the detailed structure of spectral lines, including their splitting and polarization.
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NeutralAtomImages
Measurements of neutral atom fluxes as a function of look direction often related to remote energetic charged particles that lose their charge through charge-exchange and then reach the detector on a line-of-sight trajectory.
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NeutralGas
Measurements of neutral atomic and molecular components of a gas.
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Profile
Measurements of a quantity as a function of height above an object such as the limb of a body.
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Radiance
A radiometric measurement that describes the amount of electromagnetic radiation that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle in a specified direction. They are used to characterize both emission from diffuse sources and reflection from diffuse surfaces.
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Spectrum
The distribution of a characteristic of a physical system or phenomenon, such as the energy emitted by a radiant source, arranged in the order of wavelengths.
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SPICE
SPICE is an ancillary information system that provides scientists and engineers the capability to include space geometry and event data into mission design, science observation planning, and science data analysis software. The staff of the NASA Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility, NAIF, which is located at JPL provides SPICE support for planetary, heliophysics, and Earth science missions, see https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/index.html. This SPICE has been adapted from text on NAF hosted web pages.
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ThermalPlasma
Measurements of the plasma in the energy regime where the most of the plasma occurs. May be the basic fluxes in the form of distribution functions or the derived bulk parameters (density, flow velocity, etc.).
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Waves
Data resulting from observations of wave experiments and natural wave phenomena. Wave experiments are typically active and natural wave phenomena are passive. Examples of wave experiments include coherent/incoherent scatter radars, radio soundings, VLF propagation studies, ionospheric scintillation of beacon satellite signals, etc. Examples of natural wave phenomena include micropulsations, mesospheric gravity waves, auroral/plasmaspheric hiss, Langmuir waves, AKR, Jovian decametric radiation, solar radio bursts, etc.
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Waves.Active
Exerting an influence or producing a change or effect. An active measurement is one which produces a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.
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Waves.Passive
Movement or effect produced by outside influence. A passive measurement is one which does not produce a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.
A small extraterrestrial body consisting mostly of rock and metal that is in orbit around the Sun.
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Comet
A relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit.
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Comet.1PHalley
1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.
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Comet.26PGriggSkjellerup
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.
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Comet.67PChuryumovGerasimenko
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.
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Earth
The third planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Earth.Magnetosheath
The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.
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Earth.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Earth.Moon
The only natural satellite of the Earth.
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Earth.NearSurface
The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.
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Earth.NearSurface.Atmosphere
The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.AuroralRegion
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.
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Earth.NearSurface.EquatorialRegion
A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion
A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside
The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.
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Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.NearSurface.PolarCap
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.
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Earth.NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion
The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Stratosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.
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Earth.NearSurface.Thermosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.Troposphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.
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Earth.Surface
The outermost area of a solid object.
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Heliosphere
The solar atmosphere extending roughly from the outer corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.
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Heliosphere.Heliosheath
The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.
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Heliosphere.Inner
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.
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Heliosphere.NearEarth
The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.
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Heliosphere.Outer
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.
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Heliosphere.Remote1AU
A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.
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Interstellar
The region between stars outside of any stellar heliopause.
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Jupiter
The fifth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Jupiter.Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars
The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mars.Deimos
The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.
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Mars.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars.Phobos
The larger and inner most moon of Mars.
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Mercury
The first planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune
The seventh planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune.Proteus
The second largest moon of Neptune.
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Neptune.Triton
The largest moon of Neptune.
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Pluto
The ninth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Saturn
The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Saturn.Dione
The fourth largest moon of Saturn.
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Saturn.Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Saturn.Iapetus
The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Saturn.Mimas
The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.
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Saturn.Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Tethys
The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.
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Saturn.Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Sun
The star upon which our solar system is centered.
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Sun.Chromosphere
The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.
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Sun.Corona
The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.
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Sun.Interior
The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.
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Sun.Photosphere
The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.
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Sun.TransitionRegion
A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.
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Uranus
The eighth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Uranus.Ariel
The fourth largest moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Uranus.Miranda
The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Oberon
The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Puck
The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Titania
The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Umbriel
The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.
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Venus
The second planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Venus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
A complementary item which can be subordinate, subsidiary, auxiliary, supplementary to the primary item.
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Browse
A representation of an image which is suitable to reveal most or all of the details of the image.
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Data
A collection of organized information, usually the results of experience, observation or experiment, or a set of premises. This may consist of numbers, words, or images, particularly as measurements or observations of a set of variables.
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Layout
The structured arrangement of items in a collection.
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Thumbnail
A small representation of an image which is suitable to infer what the full-sized imaged is like.
Message Digest 5 (MD5) is a 128-bit message digest algorithm created in 1991 by Professor Ronald Rivest.
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SHA1
Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), a 160-bit message digest algorithm developed by the NSA and described in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) publication 180-1.
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SHA256
Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), a 256-bit message digest algorithm developed by the NSA and described in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) publication 180-1.
An instrument that detects electrons, ions, and ultraviolet radiation, according to the principle of a secondary emission multiplier. It is typically used in electron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
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Coronograph
An instrument which can image things very close to the Sun by using a disk to block the bright surface of the sun or a star that reveals the faint corona of the Sun or other celestial objects.
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DoubleSphere
A dipole antenna of which the active (sensor) elements are small spheres located at the ends of two wires deployed in the equatorial plane, on opposite sides of a spinning spacecraft.
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DustDetector
An instrument which determines the mass and speed of ambient dust particles.
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ElectronDriftInstrument
An active experiment to measure the electron drift velocity based on sensing the displacement of a weak beam of electrons after one gyration in the ambient magnetic field.
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ElectrostaticAnalyser
An instrument which uses charged plates to analyze the mass, charge and kinetic energies of charged particles which enter the instrument.
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EnergeticParticleInstrument
An instrument that measures fluxes of charged particles as a function of time, direction of motion, mass, charge and/or species.
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Experiment
A collection of components which are designed to make coordinated observations of a phenomenon or object. Projects and missions may refer to an "experiment" by other names such as a "suite".
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FaradayCup
An instrument consisting of an electrode from which electrical current is measured while a charged particle beam (electrons or ions) impinges on it. Used to determine energy spectrum and sometimes ion composition of the impinging particles.
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FluxFeedback
A search coil whose bandwidth and signal/noise ratio are increased by the application of negative feedback at the sensor (flux) level by driving a collocated coil with a signal from the preamplifier.
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FourierTransformSpectrograph
An instrument that determines the spectra of a radiative source, using time domain measurements and a Fourier transform.
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GeigerMuellerTube
An instrument which measures density of ionizing radiation based on interactions with a gas.
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Imager
An instrument which samples the radiation from an area at one or more spectral ranges emitted or reflected by an object.
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ImagingSpectrometer
An instrument which is a multispectral scanner with a very large number of channels (typically from 64 channels up to 256 channels) with very narrow bandwidths.
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Interferometer
An instrument to study the properties of two or more waves from the pattern of interference created by their superposition.
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IonChamber
A device in which the collected electrical charge from ionization in a gas-filled cavity is taken to be the proportion to some parameter (e.g., dose or exposure) of radiation field.
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IonDrift
A device which measures the current produced by the displacement of ambient ions on a grid, thereby allowing the determination of the ion trajectory and velocity.
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IonGauge
A device which measures low-pressure or vacuum neutral gas with pressures ranging from 10^-3 Torr to 10^-10 Torr. An ion gauge is an electronic amplifying vacuum tube consisting of three electrodes inside an evacuated glass envelope, with the filament being the cathode.
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LangmuirProbe
A monopole antenna associated with an instrument. The instrument applies a potential to the antenna which is swept to determine the voltage/current characteristic. This provides information about the plasma surrounding the probe and spacecraft.
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LongWire
A dipole antenna constructed by two active sensing elements that are wires deployed in the equatorial plane on opposite sides of a spinning spacecraft. The, wire length is usually several times the spacecraft diameter.
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Magnetograph
A special type of magnetometer that records a time plot of the local magnetic field near the instrument or a telescope capable of determining the magnetic field strength and/or direction on a distant object such as the Sun, using the Zeeman splitting or other spectral signatures of magnetization.
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Magnetometer
An instrument which measures the ambient magnetic field.
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MassSpectrometer
An instrument which distinguishes chemical species in terms of their different isotopic masses.
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MicrochannelPlate
An instrument used for the detection of elementary particles, ions, ultraviolet rays and soft X-rays constructed from very thin conductive glass capillaries.
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MultispectralImager
An instrument which captures images at multiple spectral ranges.
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NeutralAtomImager
An instrument which measures the quantity and properties of neutral particles over a range of angles. Measured properties can include mass and energy.
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NeutralParticleDetector
An instrument which measures the quantity and properties of neutral particles. Measured properties can include mass and plasma bulk densities.
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ParticleCorrelator
An instrument which correlates particle flux to help identify wave/particle interactions.
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ParticleDetector
An instrument which detects particle flux!!!.
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Photometer
An instrument which measures the strength of electromagnetic radiation within a spectral band which can range from ultraviolet to infrared and includes the visible spectrum.
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PhotomultiplierTube
A vacuum phototube that is an extremely sensitive detector of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Photopolarimeter
An instrument which measures the intensity and polarization or radiant energy. A photopolarimeter is a combination of a photometer and a polarimeter.
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Platform
A collection of components which can be positioned and oriented as a single unit. A platform may contain other platforms. For example, a spacecraft is a platform which may have components that can be articulated and are also considered platforms.
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ProportionalCounter
An instrument which measures energy of ionization radiation based on interactions with a gas.
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QuadrisphericalAnalyser
An instrument used for the 3-D detection of plasma, energetic electrons and ions, and for positive ion composition measurements.
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Radar
An instrument that uses directional properties of returned power to infer spatial and/or other characteristics of a remote object.
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Radiometer
An instrument for detecting or measuring radiant energy. Radiometers are commonly limited to infrared radiation.
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ResonanceSounder
A combination of a radio receiver and a pulsed transmitter used to study the plasma surrounding a spacecraft by identifying resonances or cut-offs (of the wave dispersion relation), whose frequencies are related to the ambient plasma density and magnetic field. When the transmitter is off it is essentially a high-frequency resolution spectral power receiver.
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RetardingPotentialAnalyser
An instrument which measures ion temperatures and ion concentrations using a planar ion trap.
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Riometer
An instrument which measures the signal strength in various directions of the galactic radio signals. Variations in these signals are influenced by solar flare activity and geomagnetic storm and substorm processes.
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ScintillationDetector
An instrument which detects fluorescence of a material which is excited by high-energy (ionizing) electromagnetic or charged particle radiation.
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SearchCoil
An instrument which measures the time variation of the magnetic flux threading a loop by measurement of the electric potential difference induced between the ends of the wire.
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SolidStateDetector
A detector of the charge carriers (electrons and holes) generated in semiconductors by energy deposited by gamma ray photons. Also known as a semiconductor detector".
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Sounder
An instrument which measures the radiances from an object. A sounder may measure radiances at multiple spectral ranges.
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SpacecraftPotentialControl
An instrument to control the electric potential of a spacecraft with respect to the ambient plasma by emitting a variable current of positive ions.
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SpectralPowerReceiver
A radio receiver which determines the power spectral density of the electric or magnetic field, or both, at one or more frequencies.
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Spectrometer
An instrument that measures the component wavelengths of light (or other electromagnetic radiation) by splitting the light up into its component wavelengths.
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TimeOfFlight
An instrument which measures the time it takes for a particle to travel between two detectors.
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Unspecified
A value which is not provided.
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WaveformReceiver
A radio receiver which outputs the value of one or more components of the electric and/or magnetic field as a function of time.
A small extraterrestrial body consisting mostly of rock and metal that is in orbit around the Sun.
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Comet
A relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit.
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Comet.1PHalley
1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.
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Comet.26PGriggSkjellerup
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.
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Comet.67PChuryumovGerasimenko
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.
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Earth
The third planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Earth.Magnetosheath
The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.
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Earth.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Earth.Moon
The only natural satellite of the Earth.
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Earth.NearSurface
The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.
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Earth.NearSurface.Atmosphere
The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.AuroralRegion
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.
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Earth.NearSurface.EquatorialRegion
A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion
A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside
The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.
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Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.NearSurface.PolarCap
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.
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Earth.NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion
The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Stratosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.
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Earth.NearSurface.Thermosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.Troposphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.
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Earth.Surface
The outermost area of a solid object.
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Heliosphere
The solar atmosphere extending roughly from the outer corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.
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Heliosphere.Heliosheath
The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.
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Heliosphere.Inner
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.
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Heliosphere.NearEarth
The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.
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Heliosphere.Outer
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.
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Heliosphere.Remote1AU
A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.
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Interstellar
The region between stars outside of any stellar heliopause.
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Jupiter
The fifth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Jupiter.Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars
The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mars.Deimos
The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.
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Mars.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars.Phobos
The larger and inner most moon of Mars.
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Mercury
The first planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune
The seventh planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune.Proteus
The second largest moon of Neptune.
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Neptune.Triton
The largest moon of Neptune.
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Pluto
The ninth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Saturn
The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Saturn.Dione
The fourth largest moon of Saturn.
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Saturn.Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Saturn.Iapetus
The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Saturn.Mimas
The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.
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Saturn.Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Tethys
The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.
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Saturn.Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Sun
The star upon which our solar system is centered.
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Sun.Chromosphere
The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.
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Sun.Corona
The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.
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Sun.Interior
The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.
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Sun.Photosphere
The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.
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Sun.TransitionRegion
A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.
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Uranus
The eighth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Uranus.Ariel
The fourth largest moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Uranus.Miranda
The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Oberon
The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Puck
The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Titania
The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Umbriel
The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.
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Venus
The second planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Venus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
A coordinate system which is centered at the Sun and is fixed with respect to the synodic rotation rate. The mean synodic value is about 27.2753 days. The Astronomical Almanac gives a value for Carrington longitude of 349.03 deg at 0000 UT on 1 January 1995.
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CGM
Corrected Geomagnetic - A coordinate system from a spatial point with GEO radial distance and geomagnetic latitude and longitude, follow the epoch-appropriate IGRF/DGRF model field vector through to the point where the field line crosses the geomagnetic dipole equatorial plane. Then trace the dipole magnetic field vector Earthward from that point on the equatorial plane, in the same hemisphere as the original point, until the initial radial distance is reached. Designate the dipole latitude and longitude at that point as the CGM latitude and longitude of the original point, see http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/cgm/cgmm_des.html.
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CSO
Corrected Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Earth where x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.
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DM
Dipole Meridian - A coordinate system centered at the observation point. The z-axis is parallel to the dipole axis of the Earth, positive northward. x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the line linking the observation point with the center of the Earth. The y-axis is positive eastward, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.
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ECD
Eccentric Dipole (ECD) coordinate system that aligns with a dipole whose origin and orientation may be different from the physical center and spin axis of the containing body. The IGRF-12 coefficients for 2015 are used to determine the origin for the Earth. The 2015 positions are North dip pole: latitude: 86.29, longitude -160.06. South dip pole latitude: -64.28, longitude: 136.59, North geometric pole latitude: 80.37, longitude: -72.63, South geomagnetic pole latitude: -80.37, longitude: 107.37. ECD is defined in doi:10.1186/s40623-015-0228-9.
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ECEF
The Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed (ECEF) coordinate system has point (0,0,0) defined as the center of mass of the Earth. Its axes are aligned with the International Reference Pole (IRP) and International Reference Meridian (IRM). The x-axis intersects the sphere of the Earth at 0 deg latitude (Equator) and 0 deg longitude (Greenwich). The z-axis points north. The y-axis completes the right-handed coordinate system.
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ENP
ENP (also called PEN) - The P-axis points northward, perpendicular to orbital plane. For an orbit with zero inclination, the P-axis is parallel to spin axis of the Earth. The E-axis is perpendicular to the P and N directions and points earthward. The N-axis is perpendicular to P and E and is positive eastward.
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GEI
GEI Geocentric Equatorial Inertial - A coordinate system where the z-axis is along spin axis of the Earth, positive northward. The x-axis points towards the first point of Aries (from the Earth towards the Sun at the vernal equinox), see Russell, 1971. When the x-axis is the direction of the mean vernal equinox of J2000, the coordinate system is also called GCI. Then the z-axis is also defined as being normal to the mean Earth equator of J2000.
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GEO
Geographic - geocentric corotating - A coordinate system where the z-axis is along spin axis of the Earth, positive northward. The x-axis lies in Greenwich meridian, positive towards Greenwich, see Russell, 1971.
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GPHIO
Kronian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Saturn where the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.
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GSE
Geocentric Solar Ecliptic - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun. The z-axis is normal to the ecliptic, positive northward, see Russell, 1971.
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GSEQ
Geocentric Solar Equatorial - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun. The y-axis is parallel to solar equatorial plane. The z-axis is positive northward, see Russell, 1971.
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GSM
Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the geomagnetic dipole axis, see Russell, 1971.
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HAE
Heliocentric Aries Ecliptic - A coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. The x-axis is positive towards the first point of Aries (from Earth to Sun at vernal equinox). Same as SE below, see Hapgood, 1992.
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HCC
Heliocentric Cartesian - A 3-D orthonormal coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points toward the observer. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis is positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Standard representation for this system is based on (x,y) position of the point of interest expressed either as physical distances or as fractions of the solar disk radius.
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HCI
Heliographic Carrington Inertial.
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HCR
Heliocentric Radial - A 3-D orthonormal coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points toward the observer. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis, positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Standard representation for this system is based on distance rho from the z-axis (sqrt(x**2+y**2)) and the phase angle psi measured counterclockwise from the positive y-axis (arctan(-y/x)) of the point of interest.
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HEE
Heliocentric Earth Ecliptic - A coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. The x-axis points from Sun to Earth, see Hapgood, 1992.
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HEEQ
Heliocentric Earth Equatorial - A coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the solar equatorial plane, positive northward. The x-axis is generally Earthward in the plane defined by the z-axis and the Sun-Earth direction, see Hapgood, 1992.
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HERTN
Helio-Ecliptic Radial Tangential Normal coordinate system. Typically centered at a spacecraft. The x-axis (radial) is set as the primary-axis, and is defined as the axis pointing from the spacecraft to the Sun. The z-axis (tangential) is set as the secondary-axis, and is defined as that portion of the ecliptic rotational axis which is perpendicular to the primary-axis. The y-axis (Normal) is defined as Z cross X.
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HG
Heliographic - A heliocentric rotating coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the solar equatorial plane, positive northward. The x-axis and y-axis rotate with a period of 25.38 days. The zero longitude (x-axis) is defined as the longitude that passed through the ascending node of the solar equator on the ecliptic plane on 1 January, 1854 at 12 UT, see http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.html.
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HGI
Heliographic Inertial - A heliocentric coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the solar equatorial plane, positive northward. The x-axis is along the intersection line between solar equatorial and ecliptic planes. The x-axis was positive at SE longitude of 74.367 deg on January 1, 1900. (See SE below.) See http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.html.
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HGRTN
Heliocentric Radial Tangential Normal coordinate system (also known as RTN). Typically centered at a spacecraft. Used for IMF and plasma V vectors. The x-axis (radial) is set as the primary-axis, and is defined as the axis pointing from the spacecraft to the Sun. The z-axis (tangential) is set as the secondary-axis, and is defined as that portion of the solar North rotational axis which is perpendicular to the primary-axis. The y-axis (normal) is defined as Z cross X.
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HPC
Helioprojective Cartesian=A 3-D orthonormal (left-handed) coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points from the observer to the center of the solar disk. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis, positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Given as the distance between the observer and the center of the solar disk, the standard representation of an (x,y) point on the solar disk is latitude (arctan(y/d)) and longitude (arctan (x/d)) of the point of interest.
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HPR
Helioprojective Radial - A 3-D orthonormal (left-handed) coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points from the observer to the center of the solar disk. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis, positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Given as the distance between the observer and the center of the solar disk, the standard representation for this system of an (x,y) point on the solar disk is latitude angle theta (arctan(sqrt(x**2+y**2)/d))) or equivalent declination parameter delta (theta-90 deg) and the phase angle psi as measured counterclockwise from the positive y-axis (psi=arctan(-y/x)) of the point of interest.
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HSM
Heliospheric Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the geomagnetic dipole axis.
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J2000
An astronomical coordinate system which uses the mean equator and equinox of Julian date 2451545.0 TT (Terrestrial Time), or January 1, 2000, noon TT to define a celestial reference frame.
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JSM
Jovian Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system related to Jupiter where the x-axis is from Jupiter to Sun, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the Jovian dipole axis.
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JSO
Jovian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Jupiter where x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.
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KSM
Kronian Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system related to Saturn where the x-axis is anti-sunward, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the Kronian dipole axis.
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KSO
Kronian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Saturn where x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.
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LGM
Local Geomagnetic - A coordinate system used mainly for Earth surface or near-Earth surface magnetic field data. The x-axis northward from observation point in a geographic meridian. The z-axis downward towards center of the Earth. In this system, the total horizontal component, H, is equal to sqrt(Bx^2+By^2) and declination angle, D is equal to arctan(By/Bx).
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MAG
Geomagnetic - geocentric. The z-axis is parallel to the geomagnetic dipole axis, positive north. The x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the rotation axis of the Earth. If N is a unit vector from the center of the Earth to the north geographic pole, the signs of the y-axis and x-axis are given by the vector cross products N cross z and y cross z, respectively, see Russell, 1971 and http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.
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MFA
Magnetic Field Aligned - A coordinate system spacecraft-centered system with the z-axis in the direction of the ambient magnetic field vector. The x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the spacecraft-Sun line, positive sunward, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.
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MSO
Mars/Mercury Solar Orbital A coordinate system related to Mars or Mercury. A coordinate system where, depending on the body (Mars or Mercury), the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.
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RTN
Radial Tangential Normal. Typically centered at a spacecraft. Used for IMF and plasma V vectors. The x-axis (radial) is set as the primary-axis, and is defined as the axis pointing from the spacecraft to the Sun. The z-axis (tangential) is set as the secondary-axis, and is defined as that portion of the solar North rotational axis which is perpendicular to the primary-axis. The y-axis (normal) is defined as Z cross X.
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SC
Spacecraft - A coordinate system defined by the spacecraft geometry and/or spin. Often has z-axis parallel to spacecraft spin vector. The x-axis and y-axis may or may not corotate with the spacecraft, see SR and SR2 below.
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SE
Solar Ecliptic - A heliocentric coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. The x-axis is positive towards the first point of Aries (from Earth to Sun at vernal equinox). Same as HAE above, see http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.htmlr.
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SM
Solar Magnetic - A geocentric coordinate system where the z-axis is northward along dipole axis of the Earth, x-axis is in plane of z-axis and Earth-Sun line, positive sunward, see Russell, 1971.
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SpacecraftOrbitPlane
A coordinate system where x-axis lies in the plane normal to and in the direction of motion of the spacecraft, the z-axis is normal to this plane and the y-axis completes the triad to form a right-handed coordinate system.
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SR
Spin Reference - A special case of a Spacecraft (SC) coordinate system for a spinning spacecraft. The z-axis is parallel to the spacecraft spin vector. The x-axis and y-axis rotate with the spacecraft, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.
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SR2
Spin Reference 2 - A special case of a Spacecraft (SC) coordinate system for a spinning spacecraft. The z-axis is parallel to the spacecraft spin vector while the x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the spacecraft-Sun line, positive sunward, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.
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SSE
Spacecraft Solar Ecliptic - A coordinate system used for deep space spacecraft, i.e., consider the Helios spacecraft with the x-axis from spacecraft to Sun, the z-axis normal to ecliptic plane positive northward. Note that the angle between the normal to ecliptic plane and the normal to the Helios orbital plane is ~0.25 deg.
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SSE_L
Selenocentric Solar Ecliptic - The x-axis points from the center of the Moon to the Sun, the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. And the y-axis completes the right-handed set of axes.
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TIIS
Kronian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Saturn where the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.
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VSO
Venus Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Venus where the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis point along the orbital velocity direction.
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WGS84
The World Geodetic System (WGS) defines a reference frame for the Earth, for use in geodesy and navigation. The WGS84 uses the zero meridian as defined by the Bureau International de lHeure.
A localized, transient volume of the solar atmosphere in which PLAGEs, SUNSPOTS, FACULAe, FLAREs, etc. may be observed.
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Aurora
A natural electrical phenomenon characterized by the appearance of streamers of reddish or greenish light in the sky, especially near the northern or southern magnetic pole. The effect is caused by the interaction of charged particles from the sun with atoms in the upper atmosphere. In northern and southern regions, it is respectively called aurora borealis or Northern Lights and aurora australis or Southern Lights.
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BowShockCrossing
A crossing of the boundary between the undisturbed (except for foreshock effects) solar wind and the shocked, decelerated solar wind of the magnetosheath.
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CoronalHole
An extended region of the corona, exceptionally low in density and associated with unipolar photospheric regions. A coronal hole can be an open magnetic field in the corona and (perhaps) inner heliosphere which has a faster than average solar wind outflow velocity. A region of lower than quiet coronal ion densities and electron densities in the corona or a coronal region with lower peak electron temperature than that found under quiet coronal conditions.
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CoronalMassEjection
A solar event (CME) that involves a burst of plasma ejected into the interplanetary medium. CMEs may be observed remotely relatively near the Sun or in situ in the interplanetary medium. Note that CMEs are often referred to as Interplanetary CMEs (ICMEs).
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EITWave
A wave in the corona of the Sun that generates shock waves in the solar chromosphere (Moreton Waves). EIT Waves are produced by large solar flare and expand outward at about 1,000 km/s. It usually appears as a slowly moving diffuse arc of brightening in H-alpha, and may travel for several hundred thousand km.
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EnergeticSolarParticleEvent
An enhancement of interplanetary fluxes of energetic ions accelerated by interplanetary shocks and/or solar flares.
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ForbushDecrease
A rapid decrease in the observed galactic cosmic ray intensity following the passage of an outwardly convecting interplanetary magnetic field disturbance, such as those associated with large CMEs, that sweep some galactic cosmic rays away from Earth.
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GeomagneticStorm
A magnetospheric disturbance typically defined by variations in the horizontal component of the surface magnetic field on the Earth. The variation typically starts with a field enhancement associated with a solar wind pressure pulse and continues with a field depression associated with an enhancement of the diamagnetic magnetospheric ring current.
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InterplanetaryShock
A shock propagating generally anti-sunward through the slower solar wind, often seen in front of CME-associated plasma clouds.
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MagneticCloud
A transient event observed in the solar wind characterized as a region of enhanced magnetic field strength, smooth rotation of the magnetic field vector and low proton density and temperature.
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MagnetopauseCrossing
A crossing of the interface between the shocked solar wind in the magnetosheath and the magnetic field and plasma in the magnetosphere.
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RadioBurst
Emissions of the Sun in radio wavelengths from centimeters to dekameters, under both quiet and disturbed conditions. Radio Bursts can be Type I consisting of many short, narrow-band bursts in the metric range (80 MHz to 200 MHz). Type II consisting of narrow-band emission that begins in the meter range (150 MHz) and sweeps slowly (tens of minutes) toward dekameter wavelengths (20 MHz). Type III consisting of narrow-band bursts that sweep rapidly (seconds) from decimeter to dekameter wavelengths (500 MHz to 20 MHz) and Type IV consisting of a smooth continuum of broadband bursts primarily in the meter range (10 MHz to 200 MHz).
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SectorBoundaryCrossing
A sector boundary crossing is a transit by a spacecraft across the heliospheric current sheet separating the dominantly outward (away from the Sun) interplanetary magnetic field of one hemisphere of the heliosphere from the dominantly inward (towards the Sun) polarity of the other hemisphere. Such crossings have multi-day intervals of opposite IMF dominant polarities on either side.
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SolarFlare
An explosive event in the solar atmosphere which produces electromagnetic radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at multiple wavelengths from long-wave radio to the shortest wavelength gamma rays.
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SolarWindExtreme
Intervals of unusually large or small values of solar wind attributes such as flow speed and ion density.
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StreamInteractionRegion
The region where two solar wind streams, typically having differing characteristics and solar sources, abut up against (and possibly partially interpenetrate) each other. The abbreviation SIR is commonly used in place of Stream Interaction Region.
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Substorm
A process by which plasma in the magnetotail becomes energized at a fast rate.
A small extraterrestrial body consisting mostly of rock and metal that is in orbit around the Sun.
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Comet
A relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit.
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Comet.1PHalley
1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.
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Comet.26PGriggSkjellerup
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.
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Comet.67PChuryumovGerasimenko
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.
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Earth
The third planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Earth.Magnetosheath
The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.
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Earth.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Earth.Moon
The only natural satellite of the Earth.
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Earth.NearSurface
The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.
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Earth.NearSurface.Atmosphere
The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.AuroralRegion
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.
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Earth.NearSurface.EquatorialRegion
A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion
A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside
The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.
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Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.NearSurface.PolarCap
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.
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Earth.NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion
The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Stratosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.
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Earth.NearSurface.Thermosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.Troposphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.
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Earth.Surface
The outermost area of a solid object.
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Heliosphere
The solar atmosphere extending roughly from the outer corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.
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Heliosphere.Heliosheath
The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.
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Heliosphere.Inner
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.
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Heliosphere.NearEarth
The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.
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Heliosphere.Outer
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.
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Heliosphere.Remote1AU
A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.
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Interstellar
The region between stars outside of any stellar heliopause.
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Jupiter
The fifth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Jupiter.Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars
The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mars.Deimos
The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.
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Mars.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Mars.Phobos
The larger and inner most moon of Mars.
enumeration
Mercury
The first planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Neptune
The seventh planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Neptune.Proteus
The second largest moon of Neptune.
enumeration
Neptune.Triton
The largest moon of Neptune.
enumeration
Pluto
The ninth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Saturn
The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Saturn.Dione
The fourth largest moon of Saturn.
enumeration
Saturn.Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
enumeration
Saturn.Iapetus
The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Saturn.Mimas
The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.
enumeration
Saturn.Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
enumeration
Saturn.Tethys
The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.
enumeration
Saturn.Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
enumeration
Sun
The star upon which our solar system is centered.
enumeration
Sun.Chromosphere
The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.
enumeration
Sun.Corona
The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.
enumeration
Sun.Interior
The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.
enumeration
Sun.Photosphere
The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.
enumeration
Sun.TransitionRegion
A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.
enumeration
Uranus
The eighth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Uranus.Ariel
The fourth largest moon of Uranus.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Uranus.Miranda
The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.
enumeration
Uranus.Oberon
The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.
enumeration
Uranus.Puck
The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.
enumeration
Uranus.Titania
The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.
enumeration
Uranus.Umbriel
The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.
enumeration
Venus
The second planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
A set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted approaches or methods of adopting a standard or implementing an approach.
enumeration
Other
Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.
enumeration
Policy
A deliberate system of principles to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent, and is implemented as a procedure or protocol.
enumeration
Poster
A set of information arranged on a single page or sheet, typically in a large format.
enumeration
Presentation
A set of information that is used when communicating to an audience.
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Report
A document which describes the findings of some individual or group.
enumeration
Specification
A detailed description of the requirements and other aspects of an object or component that may be used to develop an implementation.
enumeration
TechnicalNote
A document summarizing the performance and other technical characteristics of a product, machine, component, subsystem or software in sufficient detail to be used by an engineer or researcher.
enumeration
WhitePaper
An authoritative report giving information or proposals on an issue.
A command-line interface (CLI) is a form of interface where input to an application is provided as lines of text typically within a shell.
enumeration
GUI
A graphical user interface (GUI) is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with an application through graphical icons, forms and other elements with both a keyboard and a pointing device.
enumeration
API
An application programming interface (API) is a form of interface that allows applications to access the features or data of an operating system, application, or other service. An API may have a required protocol or set of principles. Some examples of protocols are SOAP, XML-RPC and JSON-RPC. An example of an API with a set of principles is REST.
Some portions of the resource have restricted access, the rest is open access. Typically, this is for accumulating data collections where some data is under review before being publicly released.
enumeration
Restricted
Access to the product is regulated and requires some form of identification.
Some portions of the resource have restricted access, the rest is open access. Typically, this is for accumulating data collections where some data is under review before being publicly released.
enumeration
Restricted
Access to the product is regulated and requires some form of identification.
Audio Video Interleave (AVI) a digital format for movies that conforms to the Microsoft Windows Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF).
enumeration
Binary
A direct representation of the bits which may be stored in memory on a computer.
enumeration
CDF
Common Data Format (CDF). A binary storage format developed at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).
enumeration
CEF
Cluster Exchange Format (CEF) is a self-documenting ASCII format designed for the exchange of data. There are two versions of CEF which are not totally compatible.
enumeration
CEF1
Cluster Exchange Format (CEF), version 1, is a self-documenting ASCII format designed for the exchange of data. The metadata contains information compatible with the ISTP recommendations for CDF.
enumeration
CEF2
Cluster Exchange Format (CEF), version 2, is a self-documenting ASCII format designed for the exchange of data and introduced for Cluster Active Archive. Compared to version 1, the metadata description of vectors and tensors is different.
enumeration
CSV
Comma Separated Value - A data exchange format defined by RFC 4180.
enumeration
Excel
A Microsoft spreadsheet format used to hold a variety of data in tables which can include calculations.
enumeration
FITS
Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) is a digital format primarily designed to store scientific data sets consisting of multi-dimensional arrays (1-D spectra, 2-D images or 3-D data cubes) and 2-D tables containing rows and columns of data.
enumeration
GIF
Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) first introduced in 1987 by CompuServe. GIF uses LZW compression and images are limited to 256 colors.
enumeration
Hardcopy
A permanent reproduction, or copy in the form of a physical object, of any media suitable for direct use by a person.
enumeration
Hardcopy.Film
An image recording medium on which usually a negative analog image is registered. A positive analog image can be recovered or reproduced from film, which is usually made of flexible materials for ease of storage and transportation.
enumeration
Hardcopy.Microfiche
A sheet of microfilm on which many pages of material have been photographed. A magnification system is used to read the material.
enumeration
Hardcopy.Microfilm
Film rolls on which materials are photographed at greatly reduced size. A magnification system is used to read the material.
enumeration
Hardcopy.Photograph
An image (positive or negative) registered on a piece of photo-sensitive paper.
enumeration
Hardcopy.PhotographicPlate
A rigid (typically glass) medium that functions like film. Its rigidity is for guarding against image distortion due to medium deformation (caused by heat and humidity). Photographic plates are often used for astronomical photography.
enumeration
Hardcopy.Print
A sheet of any written or printed material which may include notes or graphics. Multiple printed pages may be bound into a manuscript or book.
enumeration
HDF
Hierarchical Data Format.
enumeration
HDF4
Hierarchical Data Format, Version 4.
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HDF5
Hierarchical Data Format, Version 5.
enumeration
HTML
A text file containing structured information represented in the Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML), see http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/.
enumeration
IDFS
Instrument Data File Set (IDFS) is a set of files written in a prescribed format which contain data, timing data, and metadata. IDFS was developed at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI).
enumeration
IDL
Interactive Data Language (IDL) save set. IDL is a proprietary format.
enumeration
JPEG
A binary format for still images defined by the Joint Photographic Experts Group.
enumeration
JSON
JavaScript Object Notation - A lightweight data-interchange format.
enumeration
MATLAB_4
MATLAB Workspace save set, version 4. MAT-files are double-precision, binary, MATLAB format files. MATLAB is a proprietary product of The MathWorks.
enumeration
MATLAB_6
MATLAB Workspace save set, version 6. MAT-files are double-precision, binary, MATLAB format files. MATLAB is a proprietary product of The MathWorks.
enumeration
MATLAB_7
MATLAB Workspace save set, version 7. MAT-files are double-precision, binary, MATLAB format files. Version 7 includes data compression and Unicode encoding. MATLAB is a proprietary product of The MathWorks.
enumeration
MPEG
A digital format for movies defined by the Motion Picture Experts Group.
enumeration
NCAR
The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) format. A complete description of that standard is given in appendix C of the "Report on Establishment & Operation of the Incoherent-Scatter Data Base", dated 1984-08-23, obtainable from NCAR, P.O. Box 3000 Boulder, Colorado 80307-3000.
enumeration
NetCDF
The Network Common Data Form (NetCDF) supported and maintained by the Unidata Program Center. A self-describing portable data format for array-oriented data access, see http://my.unidata.ucar.edu/content/software/netcdf.
enumeration
PDF
A document expressed in the Portable Document Format (PDF) as defined by Adobe.
enumeration
PDS4
The Planetary Data System, version 4 (PDS4) standard provides guidelines on how a data producer should construct a data set suitable for long-term archiving. The standard contains a number of requirements in terms of dataset structure and documentation that should allow for any PDS compliant data set to be used and understood in the long term. Each PDS4 bundle consists of two files, one containing the data and the other an eXtensible Markup Language (XML) file containing the label. PDS4 recognises four base data structures, array, table, parse-able byte stream and encoded byte stream with arrays and tables most commonly in use. The PDS4 standard is described at: https://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/datastandards/documents/current-version.shtml. The PDS4 archiving standard has been required for data archives from NASA-funded planetary missions and for small data archives since 2011.
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PDS3
The. Planetary Data System, version 3 (PDS3) standard provides guidelines on how a data producer should construct a data set suitable for long-term archiving. The standard contains a number of requirements in terms of dataset structure and documentation that should allow for any PDS compliant data set to be used and understood in the long term. Each PDS3 data product must be labeled in ASCII with full details on the structure and content of the product. The label can be attached to the data file itself or detached in a separate "label" file with the suffix LBL. The PDS3 standard is described at: https://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/datastandards/pds3/standards/. Since 2011, PDS3 has superseded by the PDS4 archiving standard. However, many data files still exist that are stored by using the PDS3 standard.
enumeration
PNG
A digital format for still images. Portable Network Graphics (PNG).
enumeration
Postscript
A page description programming language created by Adobe Systems Inc. that is a device-independent industry standard for representing text and graphics.
enumeration
QuickTime
A format for digital movies, as defined by Apple Computer, see http://developer.apple.com/quicktime/.
enumeration
RINEX2
Receiver Independent Exchange Format (RINEX) - version 2.*, is a data interchange format for raw satellite navigation system data. https://files.igs.org/pub/data/format/rinex211.txt.
enumeration
RINEX3
Receiver Independent Exchange Format (RINEX) - version 3.*, is a data interchange format for raw satellite navigation system data. https://files.igs.org/pub/data/format/rinex300.pdf.
enumeration
Text
A sequence of characters which may have an imposed structure or organization.
enumeration
Text.ASCII
A sequence of characters that adheres to American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) which is a 7-bit character-coding scheme.
enumeration
Text.Unicode
Text in multi-byte Unicode format.
enumeration
TFCat
Time-Frequency Catalogue (TFCat) is a catalogue model & transfer format for spectro-temporal features. https://gitlab.obspm.fr/maser/catalogues/catalogue-format.
enumeration
TIFF
A binary format for still pictures. Tagged Image Format File (TIFF). Originally developed by Aldus and now controlled by Adobe.
enumeration
UDF
Universal Data Format (UDF). The Optical Technology Storage Association Universal Disk Format, based on ISO 13346, see http://www.osta.org/specs/index.htm.
enumeration
VOTable
A proposed IVOA standard designed as a flexible storage and exchange format for tabular data.
enumeration
XML
eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML). A structured format for representing information, see http://www.w3.org/XML/.
A sequence of characters that adheres to American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) which is a 7-bit character-coding scheme.
enumeration
Base64
A data encoding scheme whereby binary-encoded data is converted to printable ASCII characters. It is defined as a MIME content transfer encoding for use in Internet e-mail. The only characters used are the upper-case and lower-case Roman alphabet characters (A-z), the numerals (0-9), and the "+" and "/" symbols, with the "=" symbol as a special suffix (padding) code.
enumeration
BZIP2
An open standard algorithm by Julian Seward using Burrows-Wheeler block sorting and Huffman coding, see http://www.bzip.org/.
enumeration
GZIP
An open standard algorithm distributed by GHU based on LZ77 and Huffman coding, see http://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/gzip.html or http://www.gzip.org/.
enumeration
None
A lack or absence of anything.
enumeration
S3_BUCKET
A container of objects that comply with the Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) specifications. A bucket has a unique, user-assigned key (name). A bucket can contain any number of objects with an aggregate size of 5 gigabytes. A bucket may be accompanied by up to 2 kilobytes of metadata.
enumeration
TAR
A file format used to collate collections of files into one larger file, for distribution or archiving, while preserving file system information such as user and group permissions, dates, and directory structures. The format was standardized by POSIX.1-1988 and later POSIX.1-2001.
enumeration
Unicode
Text in multi-byte Unicode format.
enumeration
ZIP
An open standard for compression which is a variation of the LZW method and was originally used in the PKZIP utility.
A small extraterrestrial body consisting mostly of rock and metal that is in orbit around the Sun.
enumeration
Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Comet
A relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit.
enumeration
Comet.1PHalley
1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.
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Comet.26PGriggSkjellerup
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.
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Comet.67PChuryumovGerasimenko
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.
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Earth
The third planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosheath
The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Earth.Moon
The only natural satellite of the Earth.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface
The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Atmosphere
The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.AuroralRegion
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.EquatorialRegion
A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion
A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside
The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.
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Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.NearSurface.PolarCap
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.
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Earth.NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion
The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Stratosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.
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Earth.NearSurface.Thermosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.Troposphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.
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Earth.Surface
The outermost area of a solid object.
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Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Heliosphere
The solar atmosphere extending roughly from the outer corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.
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Heliosphere.Heliosheath
The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.
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Heliosphere.Inner
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.
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Heliosphere.NearEarth
The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.
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Heliosphere.Outer
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.
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Heliosphere.Remote1AU
A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.
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Incident
Direction-dependent property.
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Interstellar
The region between stars outside of any stellar heliopause.
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Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter
The fifth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Jupiter.Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars
The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mars.Deimos
The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.
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Mars.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars.Phobos
The larger and inner most moon of Mars.
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Mercury
The first planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune
The seventh planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune.Proteus
The second largest moon of Neptune.
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Neptune.Triton
The largest moon of Neptune.
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Planet
A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor a stellar remnant. In August 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined that in the Solar System a planet is a celestial body that satisfies the following criteria (1) is in orbit around the Sun, (2) has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape), and (3) has "cleared the neighborhood" around its orbit. This definition is still controversial to this day. Many members of the community believe that Pluto, which was demoted to the status dwarf planet, should maintain its planet status.
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Pluto
The ninth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn
The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Saturn.Dione
The fourth largest moon of Saturn.
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Saturn.Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Saturn.Iapetus
The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Saturn.Mimas
The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.
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Saturn.Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Tethys
The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.
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Saturn.Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Sun
The star upon which our solar system is centered.
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Sun.Chromosphere
The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.
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Sun.Corona
The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.
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Sun.Interior
The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.
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Sun.Photosphere
The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.
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Sun.TransitionRegion
A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.
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Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Title
The name of a published composition, set or data, images or other work.
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Uranus
The eighth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Uranus.Ariel
The fourth largest moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Uranus.Miranda
The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Oberon
The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Puck
The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Titania
The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Umbriel
The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.
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Venus
The second planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Venus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
A set of 2-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points located in a planar slice of a model volume.
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3DCubes
A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a model volume.
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ACElectricField
Alternating electric field component of a wave.
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ACMagneticField
Alternating magnetic field component of a wave.
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Absorption
Decrease of radiant energy (relative to the background continuum spectrum).
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ActivityIndex
An indication, derived from one or more measurements, of the level of activity of an object or region, such as sunspot number, F10.7 flux, Dst, or the Polar Cap Indices.
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AdiabaticInvariant
A property of a physical system usually related to periodic phenomena that remains constant under slowly varying conditions.
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AdiabaticInvariant.MagneticMoment
A constant of motion related to the gyromotion of a particle in a magnetic field that is either static or slowly varying with respect to the gyroperiod. The magnetic moment is usually denoted by using the lower-case Greek letter for mu, μ, and can be calculated by using μ=m(u^2/2B) where m is the particle mass, u is the velocity of the particle perpendicular to the constant or average magnetic field direction, and B is the magnitude of the magnetic field strength.
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AdiabaticInvariant.BounceMotion
The second adiabatic invariant is associated with periodic bounce motion of charged particles trapped between two magnetic mirrors on a magnetic field line. The second invariant, termed J, is defined by using the integral J=m ∫ v||*ds where m is the mass of the charged particle, v|| is the particle velocity along the field line, and ds represents elemental arc lengths along the field line. The second adiabatic invariant is conserved as long as changes in the background magnetic field occur at time scales much longer than the bounce time of the charged particles.
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AdiabaticInvariant.DriftMotion
The third invariant for charged particle motion in a dipolar magnetic field is associated with drift of its guiding center in the equatorial plane. The conserved quantity, J<sub>2</sub>, is equal to qφ where q is the particle charge and φ is the magnetic flux enclosed within the particle drift path.
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Aerosol
A suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in a gas.
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AkasofuEpsilon
A measure of the magnetopause energy flux and an indicator of the solar wind power available for subsequent magnetospheric energization. Defined as: V*B^2*l^2sin(theta/2)^4 where B is the IMF, l is an empirical scaling parameter equal to 7 R<sub>E</sub>, and theta=tan(By/Bz)^-1 the IMF clock angle.
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Albedo
The ratio of reflected radiation from the surface to incident radiation upon it.
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AlfvenMachNumber
The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the Alfven speed.
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AlfvenVelocity
Phase velocity of the Alfven wave. In SI units it is the velocity of the magnetic field divided by the square root of the mass density times the permeability of free space (μ<sub>0</sub>).
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AlphaParticle
A positively charged nuclear particle that consists of two protons and two neutrons.
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Antenna
A sensor used to measure electric potential.
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ArrivalDirection
An angular measure of the direction from which an energetic particle or photon was incident on a detector. The angles may be measured in any coordinate system.
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Atom
Matter consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons which has no net charge.
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AtomicNumberDetected
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom as determined by a detector.
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AverageChargeState
A measure of the composite deficit (positive) or excess (negative) of electrons with respect to protons.
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AzimuthAngle
The angle between the projection into the I-J plane of a position or measured vector and the I-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(J/I). This term could be also applied to angles measured in different planes, i.e., the IMF clock angle defined as arctan(|By|/Bz).
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CaK
A spectrum with a wavelength of range centered near 393.5 nm. VSO nickname: Ca-K image with range of 391.9 nm to 395.2 nm.
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Channeltron
An instrument that detects electrons, ions, and ultraviolet radiation, according to the principle of a secondary emission multiplier. It is typically used in electron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
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ChargeExchange
Chemical process involving a charge transfer from an ion (which becomes neutral) to a neutral (which becomes ionized).
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ChargeFlux
The number of ionized particles passing through a unit area per unit time, for instance as measured by a Faraday cup.
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ChargeState
Charge of a fully or partially stripped ion, in units of the charge of a proton. Charge state of a bare proton is equal to one.
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Coronograph
An instrument which can image things very close to the Sun by using a disk to block the bright surface of the sun or a star that reveals the faint corona of the Sun or other celestial objects.
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CountRate
The number of events per unit time.
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Counts
The number of detection events occurring in a detector over the detector accumulation time.
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CrossSection
Cross section of the reaction, when the reaction implies the collision of two particles.
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Current
It is the scalar quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit time flowing across a given surface.
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CurrentDensity
It is the vector quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit cross-sectional area per unit time flowing through a given point. Measurements of current density are often provided in terms of the magnetic perturbations (superposed upon a background magnetic field, if present) associated with the current density.
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DataQuality
An ancillary parameter that denotes the standard or degree of accuracy, trustworthiness, or usefulness of another parameter.
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DissociativeRecombination
Chemical process by which an ion is neutralized by capturing an electron, and splits in two new neutral species.
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DopplerFrequency
Change in the frequency of a propagating wave due to motion of the source, the observer, the reflector, or the propagation medium.
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Dopplergram
A map or image depicting the spatial distribution of line-of-sight velocities of the observed object.
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DoubleSphere
A dipole antenna of which the active (sensor) elements are small spheres located at the ends of two wires deployed in the equatorial plane, on opposite sides of a spinning spacecraft.
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Dust
Free microscopic particles of solid material.
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DustDetector
An instrument which determines the mass and speed of ambient dust particles.
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DynamicPressure
Dynamic pressure is a measure of the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid. For instance, the solar wind dynamic pressure or ram pressure for a purely proton plasma is equal to m<sub>p</sub> n V<sup>2</sup> where m<sub>p</sub> is the proton mass, n is the proton number density, and V is the solar wind speed.
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Electric
The physical attribute that exerts an electrical force.
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ElectricField
A region of space around a charged particle, or between two voltages within which a force is exerted on charged objects in its vicinity. An electric field is the electric force per unit charge.
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Electromagnetic
Electric and magnetic field variations in time and space that propagate through a medium or a vacuum. The wave propagation direction, electric field vector, and magnetic field vector form an orthogonal triad. Waves in this category are detected by having their field quantities measured.
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Electron
An elementary particle that has a negative charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 9.10938*10^-31 kg.
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ElectronDriftInstrument
An active experiment to measure the electron drift velocity based on sensing the displacement of a weak beam of electrons after one gyration in the ambient magnetic field.
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ElectronImpact
Chemical process by which a neutral is ionized thanks to the energy from the impact of an electron.
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Electrostatic
Collective longitudinal electric-field and plasma oscillations trapped within a body of plasma.
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ElectrostaticAnalyser
An instrument which uses charged plates to analyze the mass, charge and kinetic energies of charged particles which enter the instrument.
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ElevationAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the I-J plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(K/sqrt(I^2+J^2)).
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Emissivity
The energy emitted spontaneously per unit bandwidth (typically frequency) per unit time per unit mass of source. Emissivity is usually integrated over all directions/solid angles.
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EnergeticParticleInstrument
An instrument that measures fluxes of charged particles as a function of time, direction of motion, mass, charge and/or species.
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EnergeticParticles
Pieces of matter that are moving very fast. Energetic particles include protons, electrons, neutrons, neutrinos, the nuclei of atoms, and other sub-atomic particles.
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Energy
The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic energy).
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EnergyDensity
The amount of energy per unit volume.
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EnergyFlux
The amount of energy passing through a unit area in a unit time.
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EnergyPerCharge
The kinetic energy, E, per unit net charge, q, that is E/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.
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Entropy
A function of thermodynamic quantity, such as temperature, pressure, or composition, that is a measure of the energy that is not available for work during a thermodynamic process. It is often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.
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Ephemeris
The spatial coordinates of a body as a function of time. When used as an Instrument Type it represents the process or methods used to generate spatial coordinates.
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EquivalentWidth
The spectral width of a total absorption line having the amount of absorbed radiant energy being equivalent to that in an observed absorption line.
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Experiment
A collection of components which are designed to make coordinated observations of a phenomenon or object. Projects and missions may refer to an "experiment" by other names such as a "suite".
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ExtremeUltraviolet
A spectrum with a wavelength range of 10 nm to 125 nm. VSO nickname: EUV image with a range of 10 nm to 125 nm.
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FarUltraviolet
A spectrum with a wavelength range of 122 nm to 200 nm. VSO nickname: FUV image with a range of 122 nm to 200 nm.
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FaradayCup
An instrument consisting of an electrode from which electrical current is measured while a charged particle beam (electrons or ions) impinges on it. Used to determine energy spectrum and sometimes ion composition of the impinging particles.
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FlowSpeed
The rate at which particles or energy is passing through a unit area in a unit time.
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FlowVelocity
The volume of matter passing through a unit area perpendicular to the direction of flow in a unit of time.
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Fluence
The time integral of a flux. A fluence is a not a measurement of flux per unit time.
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FluxFeedback
A search coil whose bandwidth and signal/noise ratio are increased by the application of negative feedback at the sensor (flux) level by driving a collocated coil with a signal from the preamplifier.
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FourierTransformSpectrograph
An instrument that determines the spectra of a radiative source, using time domain measurements and a Fourier transform.
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Frequency
The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time.
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FrequencyToGyrofrequencyRatio
The ratio of the characteristic frequency of a medium to gyrofrequency of a particle.
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GammaRays
Photons with a wavelength range: 0.00001 nm to 0.001 nm.
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GeigerMuellerTube
An instrument which measures density of ionizing radiation based on interactions with a gas.
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GeometricFactor
A measure of the gathering power of a particle detector. The geometric factor can be used to correct particle measurements by accounting for the fact that only a fraction of the source particles is able to gain entry through the aperture of a detector. For an isotopic source distribution, the geometric factor corresponds to the solid angle subtended by the aperture. In practice, determination of the geometric factor requires numerical modeling and depends on detector design and the characteristics of the source.
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Gyrofrequency
The number of gyrations around a magnetic guiding center (field line) a charged particle makes per unit time due to the Lorentz force.
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Halpha
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 656.3 nm. VSO nickname: H-alpha image with a spectrum range of 655.8 nm to 656.8 nm.
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HardXRays
Photons with a wavelength range: 0.001 nm to 0.1 nm and an energy range of 12 keV to 120 keV.
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He10830
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 1082.9 nm. VSO nickname: an He 10830 image with a range of 1082.5 nm to 1083.3 nm.
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He304
A spectrum centered around the resonance line of ionized helium at 304 Angstrom (30.4 nm).
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HeatFlux
Flow of thermal energy through a gas or plasma typically computed as third moment of a distribution function.
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Housekeeping
Parameters that indicate the status or health state of instruments or monitoring devices as measured in physical units such as that for current, voltage, or temperature. Housekeeping data can be analyzed to determine whether instruments are working correctly and the knowledge of their values may be used to avoid errors or even device failures.
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Hydrodynamic
Periodic or quasi-periodic oscillations of fluid quantities.
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IMFClockAngle
The clockwise angle of the direction of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) measured in the plane of the body pole perpendicular to the line between the body and the Sun.
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ImageIntensity
Measurements of the 2-D distribution of the intensity of photons from some region or object such as the Sun or the polar auroral regions, can be in any wavelength band, and polarized, etc.
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Imager
An instrument which samples the radiation from an area at one or more spectral ranges emitted or reflected by an object.
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ImagingSpectrometer
An instrument which is a multispectral scanner with a very large number of channels (typically from 64 channels up to 256 channels) with very narrow bandwidths.
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Infrared
Photons with a wavelength range: 760 nm to 10^6 nm.
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InstrumentMode
An indication of a state (mode) in which the instrument is operating. How a mode influences the interpretation and representation of data is described in instrument related documentation.
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InstrumentStatus
A quantity directly related to the operation or function of an instrument.
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Intensity
The measurement of radiant or wave energy per unit detector area per unit bandwidth per unit solid angle per unit time.
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Interferometer
An instrument to study the properties of two or more waves from the pattern of interference created by their superposition.
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Ion
An atom that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons (Note: Z>2).
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IonChamber
A device in which the collected electrical charge from ionization in a gas-filled cavity is taken to be the proportion to some parameter (e.g., dose or exposure) of radiation field.
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IonComposition
In situ measurements of the relative flux or density of electrically charged particles in the space environment. May give simple fluxes, but full distribution functions are sometimes measured.
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IonDrift
A device which measures the current produced by the displacement of ambient ions on a grid, thereby allowing the determination of the ion trajectory and velocity.
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IonGauge
A device which measures low-pressure or vacuum neutral gas with pressures ranging from 10^-3 Torr to 10^-10 Torr. An ion gauge is an electronic amplifying vacuum tube consisting of three electrodes inside an evacuated glass envelope, with the filament being the cathode.
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Irradiance
A radiometric term for the power of electromagnetic radiation at a surface, per unit area. Irradiance is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. Irradiance data may be reported in any units (i.e., counts/s) due to, for example, being at a particular wavelength, or to being a not fully calibrated relative measurement.
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K7699
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 769.9 nm. VSO nickname: K-7699 dopplergram with a range of 769.8 nm to 770.0 nm.
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LBHBand
Lyman-Birge-Hopfield band in the far ultraviolet range with wavelength range of 140 nm to 170 nm.
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LShell
The L-shell is the magnetic equatorial radius (in units of planetary radii) of a dipole magnetic field line. For instance, if the L-shell value equals 6 say at Earth, the magnetic field lines cross the magnetic equator at six Earth radii. The L-shell concept can be applied generally to any magnetized planet or satellite with a dominant dipolar magnetic field moment.
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LangmuirProbe
A monopole antenna associated with an instrument. The instrument applies a potential to the antenna which is swept to determine the voltage/current characteristic. This provides information about the plasma surrounding the probe and spacecraft.
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LineDepth
The measure of the amount of absorption below the continuum (depth) in a particular wavelength or frequency in an absorption spectrum.
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Lines
A set of 1-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points along a line though a model volume. For instance, the points of the line may correspond to the trajectory of a spacecraft through model space.
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LongWire
A dipole antenna constructed by two active sensing elements that are wires deployed in the equatorial plane on opposite sides of a spinning spacecraft. The, wire length is usually several times the spacecraft diameter.
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LowerHybridFrequency
Lower hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons and ions in a magnetized plasma. The propagation of lower hybrid waves must be close to perpendicular to the background magnetic field in so that electrons cannot move along field lines thus preventing wave growth. The lower hybrid frequency, φ<sub>LH</sub>, can be calculated by using φ<sub>LH</sub>=[(ω<sub>ce</sub>ω<sub>ci</sub>)<sup>-1</sup>+φ<sub>pi</sub><sup>-2</sup>]<sup>-1/2</sup> where ω<sub>ce</sub> and ω<sub>ci</sub> are the electron and ion cyclotron frequencies, respectively, and $phi;<sub>LH</sub> is the ion plasma frequency.
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MHD
Hydrodynamic waves in a magnetized plasma in which the background magnetic field plays a key role in controlling the wave propagation characteristics.
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Magnetic
The physical attribute attributed to a magnet or its equivalent.
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MagneticField
A region of space near a magnetized body where magnetic forces can be detected (as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting, etc.).
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Magnetogram
Measurements of the vector or line-of-sight magnetic field determined from remote sensing measurements of the detailed structure of spectral lines, including their splitting and polarization.
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Magnetograph
A special type of magnetometer that records a time plot of the local magnetic field near the instrument or a telescope capable of determining the magnetic field strength and/or direction on a distant object such as the Sun, using the Zeeman splitting or other spectral signatures of magnetization.
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Magnetometer
An instrument which measures the ambient magnetic field.
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MagnetosonicMachNumber
The ratio of the velocity of fast mode waves to the Alfven velocity.
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Mass
The measure of inertia (mass) of individual objects (e.g., aerosols).
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MassDensity
The mass of particles per unit volume.
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MassNumber
The total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus.
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MassPerCharge
The mass, m, per unit net charge, q, that is m/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.
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MassSpectrometer
An instrument which distinguishes chemical species in terms of their different isotopic masses.
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MicrochannelPlate
An instrument used for the detection of elementary particles, ions, ultraviolet rays and soft X-rays constructed from very thin conductive glass capillaries.
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Microwave
Photons with a wavelength range: 10^6 nm to 1.5*10^7 nm.
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ModeAmplitude
In helioseismology the magnitude of oscillation of waves of a particular geometry.
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Molecule
A group of atoms so united and combined by chemical affinity that they form a complete, integrated whole, being the smallest portion of any particular compound that can exist in a free state.
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MultispectralImager
An instrument which captures images at multiple spectral ranges.
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NaD
A spectrum with a wavelength range of centered at 589.3 nm. VSO nickname: Na-D image with a range of 588.8 nm to 589.8 nm.
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NeutralAtomImager
An instrument which measures the quantity and properties of neutral particles over a range of angles. Measured properties can include mass and energy.
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NeutralAtomImages
Measurements of neutral atom fluxes as a function of look direction often related to remote energetic charged particles that lose their charge through charge-exchange and then reach the detector on a line-of-sight trajectory.
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NeutralGas
Measurements of neutral atomic and molecular components of a gas.
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NeutralParticleDetector
An instrument which measures the quantity and properties of neutral particles. Measured properties can include mass and plasma bulk densities.
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Neutron
An elementary particle with neutral charge that is a constituent of atomic nuclei. Neutrons have a rest mass slightly large than that of a proton equal to about 1.67493*10^-24 kg.
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Ni6768
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 676.8 nm. VSO nickname: Ni-6768 dopplergram with a range of 676.7 nm to 676.9 nm.
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NumberDensity
The number of particles per unit volume.
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NumberFlux
The number of particles passing a unit area in unit time, possibly also per unit energy (or equivalent) and/or per unit look direction.
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Optical
Photons with a wavelength range: 380 nm to 760 nm.
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Orientation
The specification of the directional alignment of an object or measurement in a reference coordinate system. The orientation such as a spacecraft spin axis attitude is usually expressed as one or more angles relative to the basis axes of some specified physical space usually together with the date/time of the observation.
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Other
Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.
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ParticleCorrelator
An instrument which correlates particle flux to help identify wave/particle interactions.
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ParticleDetector
An instrument which detects particle flux!!!.
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ParticleRadius
The mean radius for a Gaussian distribution of particles with an axial ratio of 2 and a distribution width that varies as 0.5 radius. A value of zero means no cloud was detected.
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ParticleRigidity
The particle momentum per unit charge. The particle Rigidity, R, is equal to pc/Ze.
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PhaseSpaceDensity
The number of particles per unit volume in the six-dimensional space of position and velocity.
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PhotoIonization
Chemical process by which a neutral is ionized thanks to the energy from a photon.
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Photometer
An instrument which measures the strength of electromagnetic radiation within a spectral band which can range from ultraviolet to infrared and includes the visible spectrum.
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PhotomultiplierTube
A vacuum phototube that is an extremely sensitive detector of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Photon
Electromagnetic waves detected by techniques that utilize their corpuscular character (e.g., CCD, CMOS, or Photomultiplier).
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Photopolarimeter
An instrument which measures the intensity and polarization or radiant energy. A photopolarimeter is a combination of a photometer and a polarimeter.
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PlasmaBeta
The ratio of the plasma pressure (nkT) to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a single component plasma or the ratio of the plasma pressure sum over i of (n<sub>i</sub>kT<sub>i</sub>) for all species i to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a multi components plasma.
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PlasmaFrequency
A number density dependent characteristic frequency of a plasma.
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PlasmaWaves
Self-consistent collective oscillations of particles and fields (electric and magnetic) in a plasma.
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Platform
A collection of components which can be positioned and oriented as a single unit. A platform may contain other platforms. For example, a spacecraft is a platform which may have components that can be articulated and are also considered platforms.
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PolarAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k). This term could be also applied to angles between the vector and other components, for example the IMF cone angle defined as arccos(B<sub>x</sub>/B<sub>t</sub>).
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Polarization
Direction of the electric vector of an electromagnetic wave. The wave can be linearly polarized in any direction perpendicular to the direction of travel, circularly polarized (clockwise or counterclockwise), unpolarized, or mixtures of the above.
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Positional
The specification of the location of an object or measurement within a reference coordinate system. The position is usually expressed as a set of values corresponding to the location along a set of orthogonal axes together with the date/time of the observation.
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Positron
An elementary particle that has a positive charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 9.10938*10^-31 kg.
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Potential
The work required per unit charge to move a charge from a reference point to a point at infinity (electric potential is defined to be zero). The electric potential of a spacecraft is often referred to as the spacecraft potential. The spacecraft potential is the electric potential of the spacecraft relative to the potential of the nearby plasma. The spacecraft potential is non-zero because the spacecraft charges to the level that the emitted photoelectron flux going to infinity is balanced by the plasma electron flux to the spacecraft.
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PoyntingFlux
Electromagnetic energy flux transported by a wave characterized as the rate of energy transport per unit area per steradian.
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Pressure
The force per unit area exerted by a particle distribution or field.
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Profile
Measurements of a quantity as a function of height above an object such as the limb of a body.
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PropagationTime
Time difference between transmission and reception of a wave in an active wave experiment.
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ProportionalCounter
An instrument which measures energy of ionization radiation based on interactions with a gas.
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Proton
An elementary particle that is a constituent of all atomic nuclei. Protons have a positive charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 1.67262*10^-27 kg.
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QuadrisphericalAnalyser
An instrument used for the 3-D detection of plasma, energetic electrons and ions, and for positive ion composition measurements.
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Radar
An instrument that uses directional properties of returned power to infer spatial and/or other characteristics of a remote object.
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Radiance
A radiometric measurement that describes the amount of electromagnetic radiation that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle in a specified direction. They are used to characterize both emission from diffuse sources and reflection from diffuse surfaces.
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RadioFrequency
Photons with a wavelength range: 10^5 nm to 10^11 nm.
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Radiometer
An instrument for detecting or measuring radiant energy. Radiometers are commonly limited to infrared radiation.
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Rate
Reaction rate: reaction production per unit of time.
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Remark
A notice, comment, or observation.
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ResonanceSounder
A combination of a radio receiver and a pulsed transmitter used to study the plasma surrounding a spacecraft by identifying resonances or cut-offs (of the wave dispersion relation), whose frequencies are related to the ambient plasma density and magnetic field. When the transmitter is off it is essentially a high-frequency resolution spectral power receiver.
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RetardingPotentialAnalyser
An instrument which measures ion temperatures and ion concentrations using a planar ion trap.
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Riometer
An instrument which measures the signal strength in various directions of the galactic radio signals. Variations in these signals are influenced by solar flare activity and geomagnetic storm and substorm processes.
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RotationMatrix
A tensor that is used to perform vector data transformation from one coordinate system to another.
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SPICE
SPICE is an ancillary information system that provides scientists and engineers the capability to include space geometry and event data into mission design, science observation planning, and science data analysis software. The staff of the NASA Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility, NAIF, which is located at JPL provides SPICE support for planetary, heliophysics, and Earth science missions, see https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/index.html. This SPICE has been adapted from text on NAF hosted web pages.
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ScintillationDetector
An instrument which detects fluorescence of a material which is excited by high-energy (ionizing) electromagnetic or charged particle radiation.
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SearchCoil
An instrument which measures the time variation of the magnetic flux threading a loop by measurement of the electric potential difference induced between the ends of the wire.
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SoftXRays
X-Rays with an energy range of 0.12 keV to 12 keV.
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SolarUVFlux
The amount of ultraviolet energy originating from the Sun passing through a unit area in a unit time.
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SolidStateDetector
A detector of the charge carriers (electrons and holes) generated in semiconductors by energy deposited by gamma ray photons. Also known as a semiconductor detector".
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SonicMachNumber
The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the speed of sound in the medium.
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SoundSpeed
The speed at which sound travels through a medium.
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Sounder
An instrument which measures the radiances from an object. A sounder may measure radiances at multiple spectral ranges.
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SpacecraftPotentialControl
An instrument to control the electric potential of a spacecraft with respect to the ambient plasma by emitting a variable current of positive ions.
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SpatialSeries
A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a spacial volume.
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Spectra
A term that applies to any signal that can be measured or decomposed along a continuous variable such as the electromagnetic radiation which can be decomposed as a function of wavelength or frequency.
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SpectralPowerReceiver
A radio receiver which determines the power spectral density of the electric or magnetic field, or both, at one or more frequencies.
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Spectrometer
An instrument that measures the component wavelengths of light (or other electromagnetic radiation) by splitting the light up into its component wavelengths.
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Spectrum
The distribution of a characteristic of a physical system or phenomenon, such as the energy emitted by a radiant source, arranged in the order of wavelengths.
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SpinPeriod
The time required for an object such as a spacecraft or planet to perform one full rotation in a given frame of reference.
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SpinPhase
An angular based or normalized parameter that specifies the spin state of an object such as a spacecraft or planet in a specific coordinate system usually together with the date/time of the observation.
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SpinRate
The angular rate of change of the spin angle of an object such as a spacecraft or planet.
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StokesParameters
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.
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Telemetry
Parameters that include full packets of data from monitoring devices or the memory addresses of datum within telemetry packets. The data comprising telemetry packets are typically expressed by using non-physical engineering units and may be used to express a variety of device operating conditions such as command acceptance/execution, housekeeping, event characterization, memory dumps, and science data. Telemetry packets may be raw or unpacked.
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Temperature
A measure of the kinetic energy of random motion with respect to the average. Temperature is properly defined only for an equilibrium particle distribution (Maxwellian distribution).
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Temporal
Pertaining to time.
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ThermalPlasma
Measurements of the plasma in the energy regime where the most of the plasma occurs. May be the basic fluxes in the form of distribution functions or the derived bulk parameters (density, flow velocity, etc.).
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ThermalSpeed
For a Maxwellian distribution, the difference between the mean speed and the speed within 69% (one sigma) of all the members of the speed distribution occur.
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TimeOfFlight
An instrument which measures the time it takes for a particle to travel between two detectors.
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TimeSeries
A representation of data showing a set of observations taken at different points in time and charted as a time series.
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TotalPressure
In an MHD fluid it is the number density (N) times Boltzmann constant times the temperature in Kelvin.
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Ultraviolet
Photons with a wavelength range: 10 nm to 400 nm.
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Unspecified
A value which is not provided.
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UpperHybridFrequency
Upper hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons perpendicular to the magnetic field. The upper hybrid frequency, φ<sub>UH</sub>, is governed by the relationship φ<sub>UH</sub>^2=φ<sub>pe</sub>^2+θ<sub>ce</sub>^2 where φ<sub>pe</sub> is electron plasma frequency and θ<sub>ce</sub> is the electron cyclotron frequency.
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VCrossB
The cross product of the charge velocity (V) and the magnetic field (B). It is the electric field exerted on a point charge by a magnetic field.
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Velocity
Rate of change of position. Also used for the average velocity of a collection of particles, also referred to as bulk velocity.
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VolumeEmissionRate
The volume emission rate, e(r,t,l), is the number of photons emitted per unit source volume per second (photons/m^3/s), as measured along the line of sight between the source point and the observer. The Volume Emission Rate is in general a function of the line-of-sight distance, r, time, t, and wavelength, l. The Volume Emission Rate is actually not a directly measurable quantity. However, the term has been commonly used in both data product descriptions and research publications.
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WaveformReceiver
A radio receiver which outputs the value of one or more components of the electric and/or magnetic field as a function of time.
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Wavelength
The peak-to-peak distance over one wave period.
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Waves
Data resulting from observations of wave experiments and natural wave phenomena. Wave experiments are typically active and natural wave phenomena are passive. Examples of wave experiments include coherent/incoherent scatter radars, radio soundings, VLF propagation studies, ionospheric scintillation of beacon satellite signals, etc. Examples of natural wave phenomena include micropulsations, mesospheric gravity waves, auroral/plasmaspheric hiss, Langmuir waves, AKR, Jovian decametric radiation, solar radio bursts, etc.
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Waves.Active
Exerting an influence or producing a change or effect. An active measurement is one which produces a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.
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Waves.Passive
Movement or effect produced by outside influence. A passive measurement is one which does not produce a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.
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WebResource
A Web page or file-based resource accessible by a URL.
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WebService
A Web-based service that uses SOAP, WSDL or UDDI open standards.
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WhiteLight
Photons with a wavelength in the visible range for humans.
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XRays
Photons with a wavelength range: 0.001 nm to 10 nm.
A sequence of values corresponding to the elements in a rectilinear, n-dimension matrix. Each value can be referenced by a unique index.
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AutoSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the auto correlation function for physical or empirical observations, which describes the general dependence of the time series data values at one instant on the time series data values at another instant.
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Average
The statistical mean equal to the sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set.
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Characteristic
A quantity which can be easily identified and measured in a given environment.
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Circular
Relative to polarization, right-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating clockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. Left-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating counterclockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. The polarization of magnetohydrodynamic waves is specified with respect to the ambient mean magnetic field. Right-handed polarized waves have a transverse electric field component which turns in a right-handed sense (that of the gyrating electrons) around the magnetic field.
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Coherence
The coherence between two signals x(t) and y(t), C<sub>xy</sub>, is a real-valued function. The square of the coherence is defined by using: Cxy^2=|Gxy(f)|^2/Gxx(f)Gyy(f) where Gxy(f) is equal to the cross-spectral density between two time series denoted as x and y, respectively, and Gxx(f) and Gyy(f) are equal to the auto-spectral densities of the same two time series. Values of Cxy^2 always lie in the range between zero and one, 0<=Cxy^2<=1, in accordance with the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.
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Column
A 2-D measure of a quantity. The column is the area over which the quantity is measured.
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Component
Projection of a vector along one of the base axes of a coordinate system.
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Component.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Confidence
An expression of how certain that a quantity is valid or accurate.
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Core
The central or main part of an object or calculated distribution. For example, the part of a distribution of particles at low energies that is a thermal (Maxwellian) population.
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CrossSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the cross correlation of two physical or empirical observations.
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Deviation
The difference between an observed value and the expected value of a quantity.
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Differential
A measurement within a narrow range of energy and/or solid angle.
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Direction
The spatial relation between an object and another object, the orientation of the object or the course along which the object points or moves.
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Directional
A measurement within a narrow range of solid angle.
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DirectionAngle
The angle between a position vector or measured vector (or one of its projections onto a plane) and one of the base axes of the coordinate system.
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DirectionAngle.AzimuthAngle
The angle between the projection into the I-J plane of a position or measured vector and the I-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(J/I). This term could be also applied to angles measured in different planes, i.e., the IMF clock angle defined as arctan(|By|/Bz).
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DirectionAngle.ElevationAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the I-J plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(K/sqrt(I^2+J^2)).
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DirectionAngle.PolarAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k). This term could be also applied to angles between the vector and other components, for example the IMF cone angle defined as arccos(B<sub>x</sub>/B<sub>t</sub>).
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DirectionCosine
The cosine of the angle between two vectors usually between a vector and one of the basis axes defining a Cartesian coordinate system. Three angles and thus three direction cosines are required to define a vector direction in a 3-D Euclidean space.
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DirectionCosine.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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EncodedParameter
A variable that uses successive bits to encode, this is bitwise encode, a set of conditions by using a composited multi-bit numeric value. A common example is a bitwise encoded flag that denotes whether various possible errors that may affect a particular measurement. For example, a bit value equal to zero may indicate the absence of a particular error condition while a value equal to one would indicate the possibility that the associated datum should be ignored or used with caution due to the same error categorization.
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FieldAligned
The component of a quantity which is oriented in the same direction of a field.
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Fit
Values that make a model agree with the data.
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Group
An assemblage of values that a certain relation or common characteristic.
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Halo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution. For example, the particles above the core energies that show enhancements above the thermal population. Typically, a "power law tail" shows a break from the core Maxwellian at a particular energy.
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ImaginaryPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z=a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient b is called the imaginary part of the complex number z.
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Integral
A flux measurement in a broad range of energy and solid angle.
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Integral.Area
Integration over the extent of a planar region, or of the surface of a solid.
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Integral.Bandwidth
Integration over the width a frequency band.
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Integral.SolidAngle
Integration over the angle in 3-D space that an object subtends at a point.
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Linear
Polarization where the E-field vector is confined to a given plane.
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LineOfSight
The line of sight is the line that connects the observer with the observed object. This expression is often used with measurements of Doppler velocity and magnetic field in magnetograms, where only the component of the vector field directed along the line of sight is measured.
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Magnitude
A measure of the strength of a vector quantity or length of its representational vector.
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Maximum
The largest value of a batch or sample or the upper bound of a probability distribution.
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Median
The measure of central tendency of a set of n values computed by ordering the values and taking the value at position (n+1)/2 when n is odd or the arithmetic mean of the values at positions n/2 and (n/2)+1 when n is even.
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Minimum
The smallest value of a batch or sample or the lower bound of a probability distribution.
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Moment
Parameters determined by integration over a distribution function convolved with a power of velocity.
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Parallel
Having the same direction as a given direction.
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Peak
The maximum value for the quantity in question, over a period of time which is usually equal to the cadence.
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Perpendicular
At right angles to a given direction.
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Perturbation
Variations in the state of a system.
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Phase
A point or portion in a recurring series of changes.
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PhaseAngle
Phase difference between two or more waves, normally expressed in degrees.
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PowerSpectralDensity
The Power Spectral Density, PSD, is the measure of signal power content versus frequency, energy, wave number, etc. A PSD is typically used to characterize broadband random signals. The amplitude of the PSD is normalized by the spectral resolution employed to digitize the signal.
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Projection
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector as projected into a plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IJ
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-J (typically X-Y) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-K (typically X-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.JK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the J-K (typically Y-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Pseudo
Similar to or having the appearance of something else. Can be used to indicate an estimation or approximation of a particular quantity.
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Ratio
The relative magnitudes of two quantities.
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RealPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z= a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient a is called the real part of the complex number z.
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Scalar
A quantity that is completely specified by its magnitude and has no direction.
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Spectral
Characterized as a range or continuum of frequencies.
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StandardDeviation
The square root of the average of the squares of deviations about the mean of a set of data. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of spread or variability.
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StokesParameters
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.
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Strahl
A distribution of particles concentrated in a narrow energy band. The band may be may be aligned with a secondary feature. For example, it may occur in a narrow cone aligned with the mean magnetic field direction.
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Superhalo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution evident in a second break in the distribution function (e.g., a different power law). It consists of a population with energies higher than that of coexisting halo population.
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Symmetric
Equal distribution about one or more axes.
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Tensor
A generalized linear quantity or geometrical entity that can be expressed as a multi-dimensional array relative to a choice of basis of the particular space on which it is defined.
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Total
The summation of quantities over all possible species.
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Trace
The sum of the elements on the main diagonal (the diagonal from the upper left to the lower right) of a square matrix.
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Uncertainty
A statistically defined discrepancy between a measured quantity and the true value of that quantity that cannot be corrected by calculation or calibration.
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Variance
A measure of dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. The expectation value of the squared deviations from the mean.
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Vector
A set of parameter values each along some independent variable (e.g., components of a field in three orthogonal spatial directions, atmospheric temperature values at several altitudes, or at a given latitude and longitude).
A small extraterrestrial body consisting mostly of rock and metal that is in orbit around the Sun.
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Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Comet
A relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit.
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Comet.1PHalley
1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.
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Comet.26PGriggSkjellerup
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.
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Comet.67PChuryumovGerasimenko
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.
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Earth
The third planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Earth.Magnetosheath
The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.
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Earth.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Earth.Moon
The only natural satellite of the Earth.
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Earth.NearSurface
The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.
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Earth.NearSurface.Atmosphere
The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.AuroralRegion
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.
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Earth.NearSurface.EquatorialRegion
A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion
A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside
The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.
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Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.NearSurface.PolarCap
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.
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Earth.NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion
The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Stratosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.
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Earth.NearSurface.Thermosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.Troposphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.
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Earth.Surface
The outermost area of a solid object.
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Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Heliosphere
The solar atmosphere extending roughly from the outer corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.
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Heliosphere.Heliosheath
The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.
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Heliosphere.Inner
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.
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Heliosphere.NearEarth
The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.
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Heliosphere.Outer
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.
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Heliosphere.Remote1AU
A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.
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Incident
Direction-dependent property.
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Interstellar
The region between stars outside of any stellar heliopause.
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Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter
The fifth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Jupiter.Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars
The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mars.Deimos
The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.
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Mars.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars.Phobos
The larger and inner most moon of Mars.
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Mercury
The first planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune
The seventh planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune.Proteus
The second largest moon of Neptune.
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Neptune.Triton
The largest moon of Neptune.
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Planet
A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor a stellar remnant. In August 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined that in the Solar System a planet is a celestial body that satisfies the following criteria (1) is in orbit around the Sun, (2) has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape), and (3) has "cleared the neighborhood" around its orbit. This definition is still controversial to this day. Many members of the community believe that Pluto, which was demoted to the status dwarf planet, should maintain its planet status.
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Pluto
The ninth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn
The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Saturn.Dione
The fourth largest moon of Saturn.
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Saturn.Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Saturn.Iapetus
The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Saturn.Mimas
The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.
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Saturn.Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Tethys
The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.
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Saturn.Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Sun
The star upon which our solar system is centered.
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Sun.Chromosphere
The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.
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Sun.Corona
The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.
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Sun.Interior
The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.
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Sun.Photosphere
The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.
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Sun.TransitionRegion
A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.
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Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Title
The name of a published composition, set or data, images or other work.
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Uranus
The eighth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Uranus.Ariel
The fourth largest moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Uranus.Miranda
The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Oberon
The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Puck
The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Titania
The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Umbriel
The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.
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Venus
The second planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Venus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
A set of 2-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points located in a planar slice of a model volume.
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3DCubes
A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a model volume.
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ACElectricField
Alternating electric field component of a wave.
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ACMagneticField
Alternating magnetic field component of a wave.
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Absorption
Decrease of radiant energy (relative to the background continuum spectrum).
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AdiabaticInvariant
A property of a physical system usually related to periodic phenomena that remains constant under slowly varying conditions.
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AdiabaticInvariant.MagneticMoment
A constant of motion related to the gyromotion of a particle in a magnetic field that is either static or slowly varying with respect to the gyroperiod. The magnetic moment is usually denoted by using the lower-case Greek letter for mu, μ, and can be calculated by using μ=m(u^2/2B) where m is the particle mass, u is the velocity of the particle perpendicular to the constant or average magnetic field direction, and B is the magnitude of the magnetic field strength.
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AdiabaticInvariant.BounceMotion
The second adiabatic invariant is associated with periodic bounce motion of charged particles trapped between two magnetic mirrors on a magnetic field line. The second invariant, termed J, is defined by using the integral J=m ∫ v||*ds where m is the mass of the charged particle, v|| is the particle velocity along the field line, and ds represents elemental arc lengths along the field line. The second adiabatic invariant is conserved as long as changes in the background magnetic field occur at time scales much longer than the bounce time of the charged particles.
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AdiabaticInvariant.DriftMotion
The third invariant for charged particle motion in a dipolar magnetic field is associated with drift of its guiding center in the equatorial plane. The conserved quantity, J<sub>2</sub>, is equal to qφ where q is the particle charge and φ is the magnetic flux enclosed within the particle drift path.
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AkasofuEpsilon
A measure of the magnetopause energy flux and an indicator of the solar wind power available for subsequent magnetospheric energization. Defined as: V*B^2*l^2sin(theta/2)^4 where B is the IMF, l is an empirical scaling parameter equal to 7 R<sub>E</sub>, and theta=tan(By/Bz)^-1 the IMF clock angle.
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Albedo
The ratio of reflected radiation from the surface to incident radiation upon it.
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AlfvenMachNumber
The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the Alfven speed.
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AlfvenVelocity
Phase velocity of the Alfven wave. In SI units it is the velocity of the magnetic field divided by the square root of the mass density times the permeability of free space (μ<sub>0</sub>).
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ArrivalDirection
An angular measure of the direction from which an energetic particle or photon was incident on a detector. The angles may be measured in any coordinate system.
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AtomicNumberDetected
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom as determined by a detector.
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AverageChargeState
A measure of the composite deficit (positive) or excess (negative) of electrons with respect to protons.
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ChargeFlux
The number of ionized particles passing through a unit area per unit time, for instance as measured by a Faraday cup.
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ChargeState
Charge of a fully or partially stripped ion, in units of the charge of a proton. Charge state of a bare proton is equal to one.
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CountRate
The number of events per unit time.
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Counts
The number of detection events occurring in a detector over the detector accumulation time.
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Current
It is the scalar quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit time flowing across a given surface.
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CurrentDensity
It is the vector quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit cross-sectional area per unit time flowing through a given point. Measurements of current density are often provided in terms of the magnetic perturbations (superposed upon a background magnetic field, if present) associated with the current density.
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DopplerFrequency
Change in the frequency of a propagating wave due to motion of the source, the observer, the reflector, or the propagation medium.
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DynamicPressure
Dynamic pressure is a measure of the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid. For instance, the solar wind dynamic pressure or ram pressure for a purely proton plasma is equal to m<sub>p</sub> n V<sup>2</sup> where m<sub>p</sub> is the proton mass, n is the proton number density, and V is the solar wind speed.
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Electric
The physical attribute that exerts an electrical force.
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Electromagnetic
Electric and magnetic field variations in time and space that propagate through a medium or a vacuum. The wave propagation direction, electric field vector, and magnetic field vector form an orthogonal triad. Waves in this category are detected by having their field quantities measured.
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Emissivity
The energy emitted spontaneously per unit bandwidth (typically frequency) per unit time per unit mass of source. Emissivity is usually integrated over all directions/solid angles.
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Energy
The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic energy).
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EnergyDensity
The amount of energy per unit volume.
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EnergyFlux
The amount of energy passing through a unit area in a unit time.
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EnergyPerCharge
The kinetic energy, E, per unit net charge, q, that is E/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.
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Entropy
A function of thermodynamic quantity, such as temperature, pressure, or composition, that is a measure of the energy that is not available for work during a thermodynamic process. It is often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.
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EquivalentWidth
The spectral width of a total absorption line having the amount of absorbed radiant energy being equivalent to that in an observed absorption line.
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FlowSpeed
The rate at which particles or energy is passing through a unit area in a unit time.
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FlowVelocity
The volume of matter passing through a unit area perpendicular to the direction of flow in a unit of time.
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Fluence
The time integral of a flux. A fluence is a not a measurement of flux per unit time.
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Frequency
The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time.
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FrequencyToGyrofrequencyRatio
The ratio of the characteristic frequency of a medium to gyrofrequency of a particle.
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GeometricFactor
A measure of the gathering power of a particle detector. The geometric factor can be used to correct particle measurements by accounting for the fact that only a fraction of the source particles is able to gain entry through the aperture of a detector. For an isotopic source distribution, the geometric factor corresponds to the solid angle subtended by the aperture. In practice, determination of the geometric factor requires numerical modeling and depends on detector design and the characteristics of the source.
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Gyrofrequency
The number of gyrations around a magnetic guiding center (field line) a charged particle makes per unit time due to the Lorentz force.
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HeatFlux
Flow of thermal energy through a gas or plasma typically computed as third moment of a distribution function.
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IMFClockAngle
The clockwise angle of the direction of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) measured in the plane of the body pole perpendicular to the line between the body and the Sun.
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Intensity
The measurement of radiant or wave energy per unit detector area per unit bandwidth per unit solid angle per unit time.
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LShell
The L-shell is the magnetic equatorial radius (in units of planetary radii) of a dipole magnetic field line. For instance, if the L-shell value equals 6 say at Earth, the magnetic field lines cross the magnetic equator at six Earth radii. The L-shell concept can be applied generally to any magnetized planet or satellite with a dominant dipolar magnetic field moment.
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LineDepth
The measure of the amount of absorption below the continuum (depth) in a particular wavelength or frequency in an absorption spectrum.
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Lines
A set of 1-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points along a line though a model volume. For instance, the points of the line may correspond to the trajectory of a spacecraft through model space.
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LowerHybridFrequency
Lower hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons and ions in a magnetized plasma. The propagation of lower hybrid waves must be close to perpendicular to the background magnetic field in so that electrons cannot move along field lines thus preventing wave growth. The lower hybrid frequency, φ<sub>LH</sub>, can be calculated by using φ<sub>LH</sub>=[(ω<sub>ce</sub>ω<sub>ci</sub>)<sup>-1</sup>+φ<sub>pi</sub><sup>-2</sup>]<sup>-1/2</sup> where ω<sub>ce</sub> and ω<sub>ci</sub> are the electron and ion cyclotron frequencies, respectively, and $phi;<sub>LH</sub> is the ion plasma frequency.
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Magnetic
The physical attribute attributed to a magnet or its equivalent.
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MagneticField
A region of space near a magnetized body where magnetic forces can be detected (as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting, etc.).
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MagnetosonicMachNumber
The ratio of the velocity of fast mode waves to the Alfven velocity.
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Mass
The measure of inertia (mass) of individual objects (e.g., aerosols).
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MassDensity
The mass of particles per unit volume.
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MassNumber
The total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus.
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MassPerCharge
The mass, m, per unit net charge, q, that is m/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.
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ModeAmplitude
In helioseismology the magnitude of oscillation of waves of a particular geometry.
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NumberDensity
The number of particles per unit volume.
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NumberFlux
The number of particles passing a unit area in unit time, possibly also per unit energy (or equivalent) and/or per unit look direction.
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Other
Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.
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ParticleRadius
The mean radius for a Gaussian distribution of particles with an axial ratio of 2 and a distribution width that varies as 0.5 radius. A value of zero means no cloud was detected.
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ParticleRigidity
The particle momentum per unit charge. The particle Rigidity, R, is equal to pc/Ze.
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PhaseSpaceDensity
The number of particles per unit volume in the six-dimensional space of position and velocity.
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PlasmaBeta
The ratio of the plasma pressure (nkT) to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a single component plasma or the ratio of the plasma pressure sum over i of (n<sub>i</sub>kT<sub>i</sub>) for all species i to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a multi components plasma.
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PlasmaFrequency
A number density dependent characteristic frequency of a plasma.
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Polarization
Direction of the electric vector of an electromagnetic wave. The wave can be linearly polarized in any direction perpendicular to the direction of travel, circularly polarized (clockwise or counterclockwise), unpolarized, or mixtures of the above.
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Potential
The work required per unit charge to move a charge from a reference point to a point at infinity (electric potential is defined to be zero). The electric potential of a spacecraft is often referred to as the spacecraft potential. The spacecraft potential is the electric potential of the spacecraft relative to the potential of the nearby plasma. The spacecraft potential is non-zero because the spacecraft charges to the level that the emitted photoelectron flux going to infinity is balanced by the plasma electron flux to the spacecraft.
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PoyntingFlux
Electromagnetic energy flux transported by a wave characterized as the rate of energy transport per unit area per steradian.
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Pressure
The force per unit area exerted by a particle distribution or field.
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PropagationTime
Time difference between transmission and reception of a wave in an active wave experiment.
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SolarUVFlux
The amount of ultraviolet energy originating from the Sun passing through a unit area in a unit time.
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SonicMachNumber
The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the speed of sound in the medium.
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SoundSpeed
The speed at which sound travels through a medium.
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SpatialSeries
A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a spacial volume.
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Spectra
A term that applies to any signal that can be measured or decomposed along a continuous variable such as the electromagnetic radiation which can be decomposed as a function of wavelength or frequency.
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StokesParameters
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.
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Temperature
A measure of the kinetic energy of random motion with respect to the average. Temperature is properly defined only for an equilibrium particle distribution (Maxwellian distribution).
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ThermalSpeed
For a Maxwellian distribution, the difference between the mean speed and the speed within 69% (one sigma) of all the members of the speed distribution occur.
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TimeSeries
A representation of data showing a set of observations taken at different points in time and charted as a time series.
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TotalPressure
In an MHD fluid it is the number density (N) times Boltzmann constant times the temperature in Kelvin.
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UpperHybridFrequency
Upper hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons perpendicular to the magnetic field. The upper hybrid frequency, φ<sub>UH</sub>, is governed by the relationship φ<sub>UH</sub>^2=φ<sub>pe</sub>^2+θ<sub>ce</sub>^2 where φ<sub>pe</sub> is electron plasma frequency and θ<sub>ce</sub> is the electron cyclotron frequency.
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VCrossB
The cross product of the charge velocity (V) and the magnetic field (B). It is the electric field exerted on a point charge by a magnetic field.
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Velocity
Rate of change of position. Also used for the average velocity of a collection of particles, also referred to as bulk velocity.
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VolumeEmissionRate
The volume emission rate, e(r,t,l), is the number of photons emitted per unit source volume per second (photons/m^3/s), as measured along the line of sight between the source point and the observer. The Volume Emission Rate is in general a function of the line-of-sight distance, r, time, t, and wavelength, l. The Volume Emission Rate is actually not a directly measurable quantity. However, the term has been commonly used in both data product descriptions and research publications.
A small extraterrestrial body consisting mostly of rock and metal that is in orbit around the Sun.
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Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Comet
A relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit.
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Comet.1PHalley
1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.
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Comet.26PGriggSkjellerup
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.
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Comet.67PChuryumovGerasimenko
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.
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Earth
The third planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Earth.Magnetosheath
The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.
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Earth.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Earth.Moon
The only natural satellite of the Earth.
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Earth.NearSurface
The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.
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Earth.NearSurface.Atmosphere
The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.AuroralRegion
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.
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Earth.NearSurface.EquatorialRegion
A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion
A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside
The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.
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Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.NearSurface.PolarCap
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.
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Earth.NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion
The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Stratosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.
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Earth.NearSurface.Thermosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.Troposphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.
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Earth.Surface
The outermost area of a solid object.
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Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Heliosphere
The solar atmosphere extending roughly from the outer corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.
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Heliosphere.Heliosheath
The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.
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Heliosphere.Inner
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.
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Heliosphere.NearEarth
The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.
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Heliosphere.Outer
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.
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Heliosphere.Remote1AU
A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.
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Incident
Direction-dependent property.
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Interstellar
The region between stars outside of any stellar heliopause.
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Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter
The fifth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Jupiter.Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars
The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mars.Deimos
The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.
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Mars.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars.Phobos
The larger and inner most moon of Mars.
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Mercury
The first planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune
The seventh planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune.Proteus
The second largest moon of Neptune.
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Neptune.Triton
The largest moon of Neptune.
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Planet
A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor a stellar remnant. In August 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined that in the Solar System a planet is a celestial body that satisfies the following criteria (1) is in orbit around the Sun, (2) has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape), and (3) has "cleared the neighborhood" around its orbit. This definition is still controversial to this day. Many members of the community believe that Pluto, which was demoted to the status dwarf planet, should maintain its planet status.
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Pluto
The ninth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn
The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Saturn.Dione
The fourth largest moon of Saturn.
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Saturn.Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Saturn.Iapetus
The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Saturn.Mimas
The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.
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Saturn.Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Tethys
The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.
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Saturn.Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Sun
The star upon which our solar system is centered.
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Sun.Chromosphere
The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.
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Sun.Corona
The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.
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Sun.Interior
The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.
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Sun.Photosphere
The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.
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Sun.TransitionRegion
A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.
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Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Title
The name of a published composition, set or data, images or other work.
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Uranus
The eighth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Uranus.Ariel
The fourth largest moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Uranus.Miranda
The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Oberon
The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Puck
The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Titania
The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Umbriel
The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.
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Venus
The second planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Venus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
A small extraterrestrial body consisting mostly of rock and metal that is in orbit around the Sun.
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Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Comet
A relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit.
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Comet.1PHalley
1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.
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Comet.26PGriggSkjellerup
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.
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Comet.67PChuryumovGerasimenko
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.
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Earth
The third planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Earth.Magnetosheath
The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.
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Earth.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Earth.Moon
The only natural satellite of the Earth.
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Earth.NearSurface
The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.
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Earth.NearSurface.Atmosphere
The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.AuroralRegion
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.
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Earth.NearSurface.EquatorialRegion
A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion
A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside
The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.
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Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.NearSurface.PolarCap
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.
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Earth.NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion
The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Stratosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.
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Earth.NearSurface.Thermosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.Troposphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.
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Earth.Surface
The outermost area of a solid object.
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Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Heliosphere
The solar atmosphere extending roughly from the outer corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.
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Heliosphere.Heliosheath
The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.
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Heliosphere.Inner
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.
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Heliosphere.NearEarth
The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.
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Heliosphere.Outer
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.
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Heliosphere.Remote1AU
A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.
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Incident
Direction-dependent property.
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Interstellar
The region between stars outside of any stellar heliopause.
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Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter
The fifth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Jupiter.Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars
The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mars.Deimos
The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.
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Mars.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars.Phobos
The larger and inner most moon of Mars.
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Mercury
The first planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune
The seventh planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune.Proteus
The second largest moon of Neptune.
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Neptune.Triton
The largest moon of Neptune.
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Planet
A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor a stellar remnant. In August 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined that in the Solar System a planet is a celestial body that satisfies the following criteria (1) is in orbit around the Sun, (2) has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape), and (3) has "cleared the neighborhood" around its orbit. This definition is still controversial to this day. Many members of the community believe that Pluto, which was demoted to the status dwarf planet, should maintain its planet status.
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Pluto
The ninth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn
The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Saturn.Dione
The fourth largest moon of Saturn.
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Saturn.Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Saturn.Iapetus
The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Saturn.Mimas
The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.
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Saturn.Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Tethys
The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.
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Saturn.Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Sun
The star upon which our solar system is centered.
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Sun.Chromosphere
The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.
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Sun.Corona
The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.
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Sun.Interior
The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.
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Sun.Photosphere
The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.
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Sun.TransitionRegion
A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.
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Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Title
The name of a published composition, set or data, images or other work.
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Uranus
The eighth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Uranus.Ariel
The fourth largest moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Uranus.Miranda
The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Oberon
The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Puck
The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Titania
The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Umbriel
The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.
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Venus
The second planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Venus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
A sequence of values corresponding to the elements in a rectilinear, n-dimension matrix. Each value can be referenced by a unique index.
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AutoSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the auto correlation function for physical or empirical observations, which describes the general dependence of the time series data values at one instant on the time series data values at another instant.
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Average
The statistical mean equal to the sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set.
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Characteristic
A quantity which can be easily identified and measured in a given environment.
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Circular
Relative to polarization, right-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating clockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. Left-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating counterclockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. The polarization of magnetohydrodynamic waves is specified with respect to the ambient mean magnetic field. Right-handed polarized waves have a transverse electric field component which turns in a right-handed sense (that of the gyrating electrons) around the magnetic field.
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Coherence
The coherence between two signals x(t) and y(t), C<sub>xy</sub>, is a real-valued function. The square of the coherence is defined by using: Cxy^2=|Gxy(f)|^2/Gxx(f)Gyy(f) where Gxy(f) is equal to the cross-spectral density between two time series denoted as x and y, respectively, and Gxx(f) and Gyy(f) are equal to the auto-spectral densities of the same two time series. Values of Cxy^2 always lie in the range between zero and one, 0<=Cxy^2<=1, in accordance with the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.
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Column
A 2-D measure of a quantity. The column is the area over which the quantity is measured.
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Component
Projection of a vector along one of the base axes of a coordinate system.
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Component.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Confidence
An expression of how certain that a quantity is valid or accurate.
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Core
The central or main part of an object or calculated distribution. For example, the part of a distribution of particles at low energies that is a thermal (Maxwellian) population.
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CrossSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the cross correlation of two physical or empirical observations.
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Deviation
The difference between an observed value and the expected value of a quantity.
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Differential
A measurement within a narrow range of energy and/or solid angle.
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Direction
The spatial relation between an object and another object, the orientation of the object or the course along which the object points or moves.
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Directional
A measurement within a narrow range of solid angle.
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DirectionAngle
The angle between a position vector or measured vector (or one of its projections onto a plane) and one of the base axes of the coordinate system.
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DirectionAngle.AzimuthAngle
The angle between the projection into the I-J plane of a position or measured vector and the I-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(J/I). This term could be also applied to angles measured in different planes, i.e., the IMF clock angle defined as arctan(|By|/Bz).
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DirectionAngle.ElevationAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the I-J plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(K/sqrt(I^2+J^2)).
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DirectionAngle.PolarAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k). This term could be also applied to angles between the vector and other components, for example the IMF cone angle defined as arccos(B<sub>x</sub>/B<sub>t</sub>).
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DirectionCosine
The cosine of the angle between two vectors usually between a vector and one of the basis axes defining a Cartesian coordinate system. Three angles and thus three direction cosines are required to define a vector direction in a 3-D Euclidean space.
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DirectionCosine.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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EncodedParameter
A variable that uses successive bits to encode, this is bitwise encode, a set of conditions by using a composited multi-bit numeric value. A common example is a bitwise encoded flag that denotes whether various possible errors that may affect a particular measurement. For example, a bit value equal to zero may indicate the absence of a particular error condition while a value equal to one would indicate the possibility that the associated datum should be ignored or used with caution due to the same error categorization.
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FieldAligned
The component of a quantity which is oriented in the same direction of a field.
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Fit
Values that make a model agree with the data.
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Group
An assemblage of values that a certain relation or common characteristic.
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Halo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution. For example, the particles above the core energies that show enhancements above the thermal population. Typically, a "power law tail" shows a break from the core Maxwellian at a particular energy.
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ImaginaryPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z=a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient b is called the imaginary part of the complex number z.
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Integral
A flux measurement in a broad range of energy and solid angle.
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Integral.Area
Integration over the extent of a planar region, or of the surface of a solid.
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Integral.Bandwidth
Integration over the width a frequency band.
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Integral.SolidAngle
Integration over the angle in 3-D space that an object subtends at a point.
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Linear
Polarization where the E-field vector is confined to a given plane.
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LineOfSight
The line of sight is the line that connects the observer with the observed object. This expression is often used with measurements of Doppler velocity and magnetic field in magnetograms, where only the component of the vector field directed along the line of sight is measured.
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Magnitude
A measure of the strength of a vector quantity or length of its representational vector.
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Maximum
The largest value of a batch or sample or the upper bound of a probability distribution.
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Median
The measure of central tendency of a set of n values computed by ordering the values and taking the value at position (n+1)/2 when n is odd or the arithmetic mean of the values at positions n/2 and (n/2)+1 when n is even.
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Minimum
The smallest value of a batch or sample or the lower bound of a probability distribution.
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Moment
Parameters determined by integration over a distribution function convolved with a power of velocity.
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Parallel
Having the same direction as a given direction.
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Peak
The maximum value for the quantity in question, over a period of time which is usually equal to the cadence.
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Perpendicular
At right angles to a given direction.
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Perturbation
Variations in the state of a system.
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Phase
A point or portion in a recurring series of changes.
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PhaseAngle
Phase difference between two or more waves, normally expressed in degrees.
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PowerSpectralDensity
The Power Spectral Density, PSD, is the measure of signal power content versus frequency, energy, wave number, etc. A PSD is typically used to characterize broadband random signals. The amplitude of the PSD is normalized by the spectral resolution employed to digitize the signal.
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Projection
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector as projected into a plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IJ
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-J (typically X-Y) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-K (typically X-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.JK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the J-K (typically Y-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Pseudo
Similar to or having the appearance of something else. Can be used to indicate an estimation or approximation of a particular quantity.
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Ratio
The relative magnitudes of two quantities.
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RealPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z= a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient a is called the real part of the complex number z.
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Scalar
A quantity that is completely specified by its magnitude and has no direction.
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Spectral
Characterized as a range or continuum of frequencies.
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StandardDeviation
The square root of the average of the squares of deviations about the mean of a set of data. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of spread or variability.
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StokesParameters
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.
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Strahl
A distribution of particles concentrated in a narrow energy band. The band may be may be aligned with a secondary feature. For example, it may occur in a narrow cone aligned with the mean magnetic field direction.
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Superhalo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution evident in a second break in the distribution function (e.g., a different power law). It consists of a population with energies higher than that of coexisting halo population.
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Symmetric
Equal distribution about one or more axes.
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Tensor
A generalized linear quantity or geometrical entity that can be expressed as a multi-dimensional array relative to a choice of basis of the particular space on which it is defined.
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Total
The summation of quantities over all possible species.
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Trace
The sum of the elements on the main diagonal (the diagonal from the upper left to the lower right) of a square matrix.
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Uncertainty
A statistically defined discrepancy between a measured quantity and the true value of that quantity that cannot be corrected by calculation or calibration.
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Variance
A measure of dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. The expectation value of the squared deviations from the mean.
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Vector
A set of parameter values each along some independent variable (e.g., components of a field in three orthogonal spatial directions, atmospheric temperature values at several altitudes, or at a given latitude and longitude).
A set of 2-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points located in a planar slice of a model volume.
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3DCubes
A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a model volume.
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ACElectricField
Alternating electric field component of a wave.
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ACMagneticField
Alternating magnetic field component of a wave.
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Absorption
Decrease of radiant energy (relative to the background continuum spectrum).
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ActivityIndex
An indication, derived from one or more measurements, of the level of activity of an object or region, such as sunspot number, F10.7 flux, Dst, or the Polar Cap Indices.
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AdiabaticInvariant
A property of a physical system usually related to periodic phenomena that remains constant under slowly varying conditions.
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AdiabaticInvariant.MagneticMoment
A constant of motion related to the gyromotion of a particle in a magnetic field that is either static or slowly varying with respect to the gyroperiod. The magnetic moment is usually denoted by using the lower-case Greek letter for mu, μ, and can be calculated by using μ=m(u^2/2B) where m is the particle mass, u is the velocity of the particle perpendicular to the constant or average magnetic field direction, and B is the magnitude of the magnetic field strength.
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AdiabaticInvariant.BounceMotion
The second adiabatic invariant is associated with periodic bounce motion of charged particles trapped between two magnetic mirrors on a magnetic field line. The second invariant, termed J, is defined by using the integral J=m ∫ v||*ds where m is the mass of the charged particle, v|| is the particle velocity along the field line, and ds represents elemental arc lengths along the field line. The second adiabatic invariant is conserved as long as changes in the background magnetic field occur at time scales much longer than the bounce time of the charged particles.
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AdiabaticInvariant.DriftMotion
The third invariant for charged particle motion in a dipolar magnetic field is associated with drift of its guiding center in the equatorial plane. The conserved quantity, J<sub>2</sub>, is equal to qφ where q is the particle charge and φ is the magnetic flux enclosed within the particle drift path.
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Aerosol
A suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in a gas.
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AkasofuEpsilon
A measure of the magnetopause energy flux and an indicator of the solar wind power available for subsequent magnetospheric energization. Defined as: V*B^2*l^2sin(theta/2)^4 where B is the IMF, l is an empirical scaling parameter equal to 7 R<sub>E</sub>, and theta=tan(By/Bz)^-1 the IMF clock angle.
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Albedo
The ratio of reflected radiation from the surface to incident radiation upon it.
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AlfvenMachNumber
The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the Alfven speed.
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AlfvenVelocity
Phase velocity of the Alfven wave. In SI units it is the velocity of the magnetic field divided by the square root of the mass density times the permeability of free space (μ<sub>0</sub>).
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AlphaParticle
A positively charged nuclear particle that consists of two protons and two neutrons.
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Antenna
A sensor used to measure electric potential.
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ArrivalDirection
An angular measure of the direction from which an energetic particle or photon was incident on a detector. The angles may be measured in any coordinate system.
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Atom
Matter consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons which has no net charge.
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AtomicNumberDetected
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom as determined by a detector.
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AverageChargeState
A measure of the composite deficit (positive) or excess (negative) of electrons with respect to protons.
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AzimuthAngle
The angle between the projection into the I-J plane of a position or measured vector and the I-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(J/I). This term could be also applied to angles measured in different planes, i.e., the IMF clock angle defined as arctan(|By|/Bz).
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CaK
A spectrum with a wavelength of range centered near 393.5 nm. VSO nickname: Ca-K image with range of 391.9 nm to 395.2 nm.
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Channeltron
An instrument that detects electrons, ions, and ultraviolet radiation, according to the principle of a secondary emission multiplier. It is typically used in electron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
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ChargeExchange
Chemical process involving a charge transfer from an ion (which becomes neutral) to a neutral (which becomes ionized).
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ChargeFlux
The number of ionized particles passing through a unit area per unit time, for instance as measured by a Faraday cup.
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ChargeState
Charge of a fully or partially stripped ion, in units of the charge of a proton. Charge state of a bare proton is equal to one.
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Coronograph
An instrument which can image things very close to the Sun by using a disk to block the bright surface of the sun or a star that reveals the faint corona of the Sun or other celestial objects.
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CountRate
The number of events per unit time.
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Counts
The number of detection events occurring in a detector over the detector accumulation time.
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CrossSection
Cross section of the reaction, when the reaction implies the collision of two particles.
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Current
It is the scalar quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit time flowing across a given surface.
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CurrentDensity
It is the vector quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit cross-sectional area per unit time flowing through a given point. Measurements of current density are often provided in terms of the magnetic perturbations (superposed upon a background magnetic field, if present) associated with the current density.
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DataQuality
An ancillary parameter that denotes the standard or degree of accuracy, trustworthiness, or usefulness of another parameter.
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DissociativeRecombination
Chemical process by which an ion is neutralized by capturing an electron, and splits in two new neutral species.
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DopplerFrequency
Change in the frequency of a propagating wave due to motion of the source, the observer, the reflector, or the propagation medium.
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Dopplergram
A map or image depicting the spatial distribution of line-of-sight velocities of the observed object.
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DoubleSphere
A dipole antenna of which the active (sensor) elements are small spheres located at the ends of two wires deployed in the equatorial plane, on opposite sides of a spinning spacecraft.
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Dust
Free microscopic particles of solid material.
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DustDetector
An instrument which determines the mass and speed of ambient dust particles.
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DynamicPressure
Dynamic pressure is a measure of the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid. For instance, the solar wind dynamic pressure or ram pressure for a purely proton plasma is equal to m<sub>p</sub> n V<sup>2</sup> where m<sub>p</sub> is the proton mass, n is the proton number density, and V is the solar wind speed.
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Electric
The physical attribute that exerts an electrical force.
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ElectricField
A region of space around a charged particle, or between two voltages within which a force is exerted on charged objects in its vicinity. An electric field is the electric force per unit charge.
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Electromagnetic
Electric and magnetic field variations in time and space that propagate through a medium or a vacuum. The wave propagation direction, electric field vector, and magnetic field vector form an orthogonal triad. Waves in this category are detected by having their field quantities measured.
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Electron
An elementary particle that has a negative charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 9.10938*10^-31 kg.
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ElectronDriftInstrument
An active experiment to measure the electron drift velocity based on sensing the displacement of a weak beam of electrons after one gyration in the ambient magnetic field.
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ElectronImpact
Chemical process by which a neutral is ionized thanks to the energy from the impact of an electron.
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Electrostatic
Collective longitudinal electric-field and plasma oscillations trapped within a body of plasma.
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ElectrostaticAnalyser
An instrument which uses charged plates to analyze the mass, charge and kinetic energies of charged particles which enter the instrument.
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ElevationAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the I-J plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(K/sqrt(I^2+J^2)).
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Emissivity
The energy emitted spontaneously per unit bandwidth (typically frequency) per unit time per unit mass of source. Emissivity is usually integrated over all directions/solid angles.
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EnergeticParticleInstrument
An instrument that measures fluxes of charged particles as a function of time, direction of motion, mass, charge and/or species.
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EnergeticParticles
Pieces of matter that are moving very fast. Energetic particles include protons, electrons, neutrons, neutrinos, the nuclei of atoms, and other sub-atomic particles.
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Energy
The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic energy).
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EnergyDensity
The amount of energy per unit volume.
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EnergyFlux
The amount of energy passing through a unit area in a unit time.
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EnergyPerCharge
The kinetic energy, E, per unit net charge, q, that is E/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.
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Entropy
A function of thermodynamic quantity, such as temperature, pressure, or composition, that is a measure of the energy that is not available for work during a thermodynamic process. It is often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.
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Ephemeris
The spatial coordinates of a body as a function of time. When used as an Instrument Type it represents the process or methods used to generate spatial coordinates.
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EquivalentWidth
The spectral width of a total absorption line having the amount of absorbed radiant energy being equivalent to that in an observed absorption line.
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Experiment
A collection of components which are designed to make coordinated observations of a phenomenon or object. Projects and missions may refer to an "experiment" by other names such as a "suite".
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ExtremeUltraviolet
A spectrum with a wavelength range of 10 nm to 125 nm. VSO nickname: EUV image with a range of 10 nm to 125 nm.
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FarUltraviolet
A spectrum with a wavelength range of 122 nm to 200 nm. VSO nickname: FUV image with a range of 122 nm to 200 nm.
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FaradayCup
An instrument consisting of an electrode from which electrical current is measured while a charged particle beam (electrons or ions) impinges on it. Used to determine energy spectrum and sometimes ion composition of the impinging particles.
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FlowSpeed
The rate at which particles or energy is passing through a unit area in a unit time.
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FlowVelocity
The volume of matter passing through a unit area perpendicular to the direction of flow in a unit of time.
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Fluence
The time integral of a flux. A fluence is a not a measurement of flux per unit time.
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FluxFeedback
A search coil whose bandwidth and signal/noise ratio are increased by the application of negative feedback at the sensor (flux) level by driving a collocated coil with a signal from the preamplifier.
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FourierTransformSpectrograph
An instrument that determines the spectra of a radiative source, using time domain measurements and a Fourier transform.
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Frequency
The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time.
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FrequencyToGyrofrequencyRatio
The ratio of the characteristic frequency of a medium to gyrofrequency of a particle.
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GammaRays
Photons with a wavelength range: 0.00001 nm to 0.001 nm.
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GeigerMuellerTube
An instrument which measures density of ionizing radiation based on interactions with a gas.
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GeometricFactor
A measure of the gathering power of a particle detector. The geometric factor can be used to correct particle measurements by accounting for the fact that only a fraction of the source particles is able to gain entry through the aperture of a detector. For an isotopic source distribution, the geometric factor corresponds to the solid angle subtended by the aperture. In practice, determination of the geometric factor requires numerical modeling and depends on detector design and the characteristics of the source.
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Gyrofrequency
The number of gyrations around a magnetic guiding center (field line) a charged particle makes per unit time due to the Lorentz force.
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Halpha
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 656.3 nm. VSO nickname: H-alpha image with a spectrum range of 655.8 nm to 656.8 nm.
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HardXRays
Photons with a wavelength range: 0.001 nm to 0.1 nm and an energy range of 12 keV to 120 keV.
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He10830
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 1082.9 nm. VSO nickname: an He 10830 image with a range of 1082.5 nm to 1083.3 nm.
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He304
A spectrum centered around the resonance line of ionized helium at 304 Angstrom (30.4 nm).
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HeatFlux
Flow of thermal energy through a gas or plasma typically computed as third moment of a distribution function.
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Housekeeping
Parameters that indicate the status or health state of instruments or monitoring devices as measured in physical units such as that for current, voltage, or temperature. Housekeeping data can be analyzed to determine whether instruments are working correctly and the knowledge of their values may be used to avoid errors or even device failures.
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Hydrodynamic
Periodic or quasi-periodic oscillations of fluid quantities.
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IMFClockAngle
The clockwise angle of the direction of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) measured in the plane of the body pole perpendicular to the line between the body and the Sun.
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ImageIntensity
Measurements of the 2-D distribution of the intensity of photons from some region or object such as the Sun or the polar auroral regions, can be in any wavelength band, and polarized, etc.
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Imager
An instrument which samples the radiation from an area at one or more spectral ranges emitted or reflected by an object.
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ImagingSpectrometer
An instrument which is a multispectral scanner with a very large number of channels (typically from 64 channels up to 256 channels) with very narrow bandwidths.
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Infrared
Photons with a wavelength range: 760 nm to 10^6 nm.
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InstrumentMode
An indication of a state (mode) in which the instrument is operating. How a mode influences the interpretation and representation of data is described in instrument related documentation.
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InstrumentStatus
A quantity directly related to the operation or function of an instrument.
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Intensity
The measurement of radiant or wave energy per unit detector area per unit bandwidth per unit solid angle per unit time.
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Interferometer
An instrument to study the properties of two or more waves from the pattern of interference created by their superposition.
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Ion
An atom that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons (Note: Z>2).
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IonChamber
A device in which the collected electrical charge from ionization in a gas-filled cavity is taken to be the proportion to some parameter (e.g., dose or exposure) of radiation field.
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IonComposition
In situ measurements of the relative flux or density of electrically charged particles in the space environment. May give simple fluxes, but full distribution functions are sometimes measured.
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IonDrift
A device which measures the current produced by the displacement of ambient ions on a grid, thereby allowing the determination of the ion trajectory and velocity.
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IonGauge
A device which measures low-pressure or vacuum neutral gas with pressures ranging from 10^-3 Torr to 10^-10 Torr. An ion gauge is an electronic amplifying vacuum tube consisting of three electrodes inside an evacuated glass envelope, with the filament being the cathode.
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Irradiance
A radiometric term for the power of electromagnetic radiation at a surface, per unit area. Irradiance is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. Irradiance data may be reported in any units (i.e., counts/s) due to, for example, being at a particular wavelength, or to being a not fully calibrated relative measurement.
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K7699
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 769.9 nm. VSO nickname: K-7699 dopplergram with a range of 769.8 nm to 770.0 nm.
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LBHBand
Lyman-Birge-Hopfield band in the far ultraviolet range with wavelength range of 140 nm to 170 nm.
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LShell
The L-shell is the magnetic equatorial radius (in units of planetary radii) of a dipole magnetic field line. For instance, if the L-shell value equals 6 say at Earth, the magnetic field lines cross the magnetic equator at six Earth radii. The L-shell concept can be applied generally to any magnetized planet or satellite with a dominant dipolar magnetic field moment.
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LangmuirProbe
A monopole antenna associated with an instrument. The instrument applies a potential to the antenna which is swept to determine the voltage/current characteristic. This provides information about the plasma surrounding the probe and spacecraft.
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LineDepth
The measure of the amount of absorption below the continuum (depth) in a particular wavelength or frequency in an absorption spectrum.
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Lines
A set of 1-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points along a line though a model volume. For instance, the points of the line may correspond to the trajectory of a spacecraft through model space.
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LongWire
A dipole antenna constructed by two active sensing elements that are wires deployed in the equatorial plane on opposite sides of a spinning spacecraft. The, wire length is usually several times the spacecraft diameter.
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LowerHybridFrequency
Lower hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons and ions in a magnetized plasma. The propagation of lower hybrid waves must be close to perpendicular to the background magnetic field in so that electrons cannot move along field lines thus preventing wave growth. The lower hybrid frequency, φ<sub>LH</sub>, can be calculated by using φ<sub>LH</sub>=[(ω<sub>ce</sub>ω<sub>ci</sub>)<sup>-1</sup>+φ<sub>pi</sub><sup>-2</sup>]<sup>-1/2</sup> where ω<sub>ce</sub> and ω<sub>ci</sub> are the electron and ion cyclotron frequencies, respectively, and $phi;<sub>LH</sub> is the ion plasma frequency.
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MHD
Hydrodynamic waves in a magnetized plasma in which the background magnetic field plays a key role in controlling the wave propagation characteristics.
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Magnetic
The physical attribute attributed to a magnet or its equivalent.
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MagneticField
A region of space near a magnetized body where magnetic forces can be detected (as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting, etc.).
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Magnetogram
Measurements of the vector or line-of-sight magnetic field determined from remote sensing measurements of the detailed structure of spectral lines, including their splitting and polarization.
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Magnetograph
A special type of magnetometer that records a time plot of the local magnetic field near the instrument or a telescope capable of determining the magnetic field strength and/or direction on a distant object such as the Sun, using the Zeeman splitting or other spectral signatures of magnetization.
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Magnetometer
An instrument which measures the ambient magnetic field.
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MagnetosonicMachNumber
The ratio of the velocity of fast mode waves to the Alfven velocity.
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Mass
The measure of inertia (mass) of individual objects (e.g., aerosols).
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MassDensity
The mass of particles per unit volume.
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MassNumber
The total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus.
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MassPerCharge
The mass, m, per unit net charge, q, that is m/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.
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MassSpectrometer
An instrument which distinguishes chemical species in terms of their different isotopic masses.
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MicrochannelPlate
An instrument used for the detection of elementary particles, ions, ultraviolet rays and soft X-rays constructed from very thin conductive glass capillaries.
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Microwave
Photons with a wavelength range: 10^6 nm to 1.5*10^7 nm.
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ModeAmplitude
In helioseismology the magnitude of oscillation of waves of a particular geometry.
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Molecule
A group of atoms so united and combined by chemical affinity that they form a complete, integrated whole, being the smallest portion of any particular compound that can exist in a free state.
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MultispectralImager
An instrument which captures images at multiple spectral ranges.
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NaD
A spectrum with a wavelength range of centered at 589.3 nm. VSO nickname: Na-D image with a range of 588.8 nm to 589.8 nm.
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NeutralAtomImager
An instrument which measures the quantity and properties of neutral particles over a range of angles. Measured properties can include mass and energy.
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NeutralAtomImages
Measurements of neutral atom fluxes as a function of look direction often related to remote energetic charged particles that lose their charge through charge-exchange and then reach the detector on a line-of-sight trajectory.
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NeutralGas
Measurements of neutral atomic and molecular components of a gas.
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NeutralParticleDetector
An instrument which measures the quantity and properties of neutral particles. Measured properties can include mass and plasma bulk densities.
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Neutron
An elementary particle with neutral charge that is a constituent of atomic nuclei. Neutrons have a rest mass slightly large than that of a proton equal to about 1.67493*10^-24 kg.
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Ni6768
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 676.8 nm. VSO nickname: Ni-6768 dopplergram with a range of 676.7 nm to 676.9 nm.
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NumberDensity
The number of particles per unit volume.
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NumberFlux
The number of particles passing a unit area in unit time, possibly also per unit energy (or equivalent) and/or per unit look direction.
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Optical
Photons with a wavelength range: 380 nm to 760 nm.
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Orientation
The specification of the directional alignment of an object or measurement in a reference coordinate system. The orientation such as a spacecraft spin axis attitude is usually expressed as one or more angles relative to the basis axes of some specified physical space usually together with the date/time of the observation.
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Other
Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.
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ParticleCorrelator
An instrument which correlates particle flux to help identify wave/particle interactions.
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ParticleDetector
An instrument which detects particle flux!!!.
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ParticleRadius
The mean radius for a Gaussian distribution of particles with an axial ratio of 2 and a distribution width that varies as 0.5 radius. A value of zero means no cloud was detected.
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ParticleRigidity
The particle momentum per unit charge. The particle Rigidity, R, is equal to pc/Ze.
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PhaseSpaceDensity
The number of particles per unit volume in the six-dimensional space of position and velocity.
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PhotoIonization
Chemical process by which a neutral is ionized thanks to the energy from a photon.
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Photometer
An instrument which measures the strength of electromagnetic radiation within a spectral band which can range from ultraviolet to infrared and includes the visible spectrum.
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PhotomultiplierTube
A vacuum phototube that is an extremely sensitive detector of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Photon
Electromagnetic waves detected by techniques that utilize their corpuscular character (e.g., CCD, CMOS, or Photomultiplier).
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Photopolarimeter
An instrument which measures the intensity and polarization or radiant energy. A photopolarimeter is a combination of a photometer and a polarimeter.
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PlasmaBeta
The ratio of the plasma pressure (nkT) to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a single component plasma or the ratio of the plasma pressure sum over i of (n<sub>i</sub>kT<sub>i</sub>) for all species i to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a multi components plasma.
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PlasmaFrequency
A number density dependent characteristic frequency of a plasma.
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PlasmaWaves
Self-consistent collective oscillations of particles and fields (electric and magnetic) in a plasma.
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Platform
A collection of components which can be positioned and oriented as a single unit. A platform may contain other platforms. For example, a spacecraft is a platform which may have components that can be articulated and are also considered platforms.
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PolarAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k). This term could be also applied to angles between the vector and other components, for example the IMF cone angle defined as arccos(B<sub>x</sub>/B<sub>t</sub>).
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Polarization
Direction of the electric vector of an electromagnetic wave. The wave can be linearly polarized in any direction perpendicular to the direction of travel, circularly polarized (clockwise or counterclockwise), unpolarized, or mixtures of the above.
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Positional
The specification of the location of an object or measurement within a reference coordinate system. The position is usually expressed as a set of values corresponding to the location along a set of orthogonal axes together with the date/time of the observation.
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Positron
An elementary particle that has a positive charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 9.10938*10^-31 kg.
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Potential
The work required per unit charge to move a charge from a reference point to a point at infinity (electric potential is defined to be zero). The electric potential of a spacecraft is often referred to as the spacecraft potential. The spacecraft potential is the electric potential of the spacecraft relative to the potential of the nearby plasma. The spacecraft potential is non-zero because the spacecraft charges to the level that the emitted photoelectron flux going to infinity is balanced by the plasma electron flux to the spacecraft.
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PoyntingFlux
Electromagnetic energy flux transported by a wave characterized as the rate of energy transport per unit area per steradian.
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Pressure
The force per unit area exerted by a particle distribution or field.
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Profile
Measurements of a quantity as a function of height above an object such as the limb of a body.
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PropagationTime
Time difference between transmission and reception of a wave in an active wave experiment.
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ProportionalCounter
An instrument which measures energy of ionization radiation based on interactions with a gas.
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Proton
An elementary particle that is a constituent of all atomic nuclei. Protons have a positive charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 1.67262*10^-27 kg.
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QuadrisphericalAnalyser
An instrument used for the 3-D detection of plasma, energetic electrons and ions, and for positive ion composition measurements.
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Radar
An instrument that uses directional properties of returned power to infer spatial and/or other characteristics of a remote object.
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Radiance
A radiometric measurement that describes the amount of electromagnetic radiation that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle in a specified direction. They are used to characterize both emission from diffuse sources and reflection from diffuse surfaces.
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RadioFrequency
Photons with a wavelength range: 10^5 nm to 10^11 nm.
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Radiometer
An instrument for detecting or measuring radiant energy. Radiometers are commonly limited to infrared radiation.
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Rate
Reaction rate: reaction production per unit of time.
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Remark
A notice, comment, or observation.
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ResonanceSounder
A combination of a radio receiver and a pulsed transmitter used to study the plasma surrounding a spacecraft by identifying resonances or cut-offs (of the wave dispersion relation), whose frequencies are related to the ambient plasma density and magnetic field. When the transmitter is off it is essentially a high-frequency resolution spectral power receiver.
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RetardingPotentialAnalyser
An instrument which measures ion temperatures and ion concentrations using a planar ion trap.
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Riometer
An instrument which measures the signal strength in various directions of the galactic radio signals. Variations in these signals are influenced by solar flare activity and geomagnetic storm and substorm processes.
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RotationMatrix
A tensor that is used to perform vector data transformation from one coordinate system to another.
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SPICE
SPICE is an ancillary information system that provides scientists and engineers the capability to include space geometry and event data into mission design, science observation planning, and science data analysis software. The staff of the NASA Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility, NAIF, which is located at JPL provides SPICE support for planetary, heliophysics, and Earth science missions, see https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/index.html. This SPICE has been adapted from text on NAF hosted web pages.
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ScintillationDetector
An instrument which detects fluorescence of a material which is excited by high-energy (ionizing) electromagnetic or charged particle radiation.
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SearchCoil
An instrument which measures the time variation of the magnetic flux threading a loop by measurement of the electric potential difference induced between the ends of the wire.
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SoftXRays
X-Rays with an energy range of 0.12 keV to 12 keV.
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SolarUVFlux
The amount of ultraviolet energy originating from the Sun passing through a unit area in a unit time.
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SolidStateDetector
A detector of the charge carriers (electrons and holes) generated in semiconductors by energy deposited by gamma ray photons. Also known as a semiconductor detector".
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SonicMachNumber
The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the speed of sound in the medium.
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SoundSpeed
The speed at which sound travels through a medium.
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Sounder
An instrument which measures the radiances from an object. A sounder may measure radiances at multiple spectral ranges.
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SpacecraftPotentialControl
An instrument to control the electric potential of a spacecraft with respect to the ambient plasma by emitting a variable current of positive ions.
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SpatialSeries
A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a spacial volume.
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Spectra
A term that applies to any signal that can be measured or decomposed along a continuous variable such as the electromagnetic radiation which can be decomposed as a function of wavelength or frequency.
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SpectralPowerReceiver
A radio receiver which determines the power spectral density of the electric or magnetic field, or both, at one or more frequencies.
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Spectrometer
An instrument that measures the component wavelengths of light (or other electromagnetic radiation) by splitting the light up into its component wavelengths.
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Spectrum
The distribution of a characteristic of a physical system or phenomenon, such as the energy emitted by a radiant source, arranged in the order of wavelengths.
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SpinPeriod
The time required for an object such as a spacecraft or planet to perform one full rotation in a given frame of reference.
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SpinPhase
An angular based or normalized parameter that specifies the spin state of an object such as a spacecraft or planet in a specific coordinate system usually together with the date/time of the observation.
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SpinRate
The angular rate of change of the spin angle of an object such as a spacecraft or planet.
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StokesParameters
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.
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Telemetry
Parameters that include full packets of data from monitoring devices or the memory addresses of datum within telemetry packets. The data comprising telemetry packets are typically expressed by using non-physical engineering units and may be used to express a variety of device operating conditions such as command acceptance/execution, housekeeping, event characterization, memory dumps, and science data. Telemetry packets may be raw or unpacked.
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Temperature
A measure of the kinetic energy of random motion with respect to the average. Temperature is properly defined only for an equilibrium particle distribution (Maxwellian distribution).
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Temporal
Pertaining to time.
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ThermalPlasma
Measurements of the plasma in the energy regime where the most of the plasma occurs. May be the basic fluxes in the form of distribution functions or the derived bulk parameters (density, flow velocity, etc.).
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ThermalSpeed
For a Maxwellian distribution, the difference between the mean speed and the speed within 69% (one sigma) of all the members of the speed distribution occur.
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TimeOfFlight
An instrument which measures the time it takes for a particle to travel between two detectors.
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TimeSeries
A representation of data showing a set of observations taken at different points in time and charted as a time series.
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TotalPressure
In an MHD fluid it is the number density (N) times Boltzmann constant times the temperature in Kelvin.
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Ultraviolet
Photons with a wavelength range: 10 nm to 400 nm.
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Unspecified
A value which is not provided.
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UpperHybridFrequency
Upper hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons perpendicular to the magnetic field. The upper hybrid frequency, φ<sub>UH</sub>, is governed by the relationship φ<sub>UH</sub>^2=φ<sub>pe</sub>^2+θ<sub>ce</sub>^2 where φ<sub>pe</sub> is electron plasma frequency and θ<sub>ce</sub> is the electron cyclotron frequency.
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VCrossB
The cross product of the charge velocity (V) and the magnetic field (B). It is the electric field exerted on a point charge by a magnetic field.
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Velocity
Rate of change of position. Also used for the average velocity of a collection of particles, also referred to as bulk velocity.
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VolumeEmissionRate
The volume emission rate, e(r,t,l), is the number of photons emitted per unit source volume per second (photons/m^3/s), as measured along the line of sight between the source point and the observer. The Volume Emission Rate is in general a function of the line-of-sight distance, r, time, t, and wavelength, l. The Volume Emission Rate is actually not a directly measurable quantity. However, the term has been commonly used in both data product descriptions and research publications.
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WaveformReceiver
A radio receiver which outputs the value of one or more components of the electric and/or magnetic field as a function of time.
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Wavelength
The peak-to-peak distance over one wave period.
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Waves
Data resulting from observations of wave experiments and natural wave phenomena. Wave experiments are typically active and natural wave phenomena are passive. Examples of wave experiments include coherent/incoherent scatter radars, radio soundings, VLF propagation studies, ionospheric scintillation of beacon satellite signals, etc. Examples of natural wave phenomena include micropulsations, mesospheric gravity waves, auroral/plasmaspheric hiss, Langmuir waves, AKR, Jovian decametric radiation, solar radio bursts, etc.
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Waves.Active
Exerting an influence or producing a change or effect. An active measurement is one which produces a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.
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Waves.Passive
Movement or effect produced by outside influence. A passive measurement is one which does not produce a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.
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WebResource
A Web page or file-based resource accessible by a URL.
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WebService
A Web-based service that uses SOAP, WSDL or UDDI open standards.
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WhiteLight
Photons with a wavelength in the visible range for humans.
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XRays
Photons with a wavelength range: 0.001 nm to 10 nm.
A small extraterrestrial body consisting mostly of rock and metal that is in orbit around the Sun.
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Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Comet
A relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit.
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Comet.1PHalley
1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.
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Comet.26PGriggSkjellerup
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.
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Comet.67PChuryumovGerasimenko
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.
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Earth
The third planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Earth.Magnetosheath
The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.
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Earth.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Earth.Moon
The only natural satellite of the Earth.
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Earth.NearSurface
The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.
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Earth.NearSurface.Atmosphere
The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.AuroralRegion
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.
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Earth.NearSurface.EquatorialRegion
A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion
A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside
The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.
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Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.NearSurface.PolarCap
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.
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Earth.NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion
The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Stratosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.
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Earth.NearSurface.Thermosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.Troposphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.
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Earth.Surface
The outermost area of a solid object.
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Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Heliosphere
The solar atmosphere extending roughly from the outer corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.
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Heliosphere.Heliosheath
The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.
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Heliosphere.Inner
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.
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Heliosphere.NearEarth
The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.
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Heliosphere.Outer
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.
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Heliosphere.Remote1AU
A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.
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Incident
Direction-dependent property.
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Interstellar
The region between stars outside of any stellar heliopause.
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Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter
The fifth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Jupiter.Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars
The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mars.Deimos
The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.
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Mars.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars.Phobos
The larger and inner most moon of Mars.
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Mercury
The first planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune
The seventh planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune.Proteus
The second largest moon of Neptune.
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Neptune.Triton
The largest moon of Neptune.
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Planet
A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor a stellar remnant. In August 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined that in the Solar System a planet is a celestial body that satisfies the following criteria (1) is in orbit around the Sun, (2) has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape), and (3) has "cleared the neighborhood" around its orbit. This definition is still controversial to this day. Many members of the community believe that Pluto, which was demoted to the status dwarf planet, should maintain its planet status.
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Pluto
The ninth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn
The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Saturn.Dione
The fourth largest moon of Saturn.
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Saturn.Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Saturn.Iapetus
The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Saturn.Mimas
The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.
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Saturn.Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Tethys
The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.
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Saturn.Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Sun
The star upon which our solar system is centered.
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Sun.Chromosphere
The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.
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Sun.Corona
The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.
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Sun.Interior
The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.
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Sun.Photosphere
The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.
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Sun.TransitionRegion
A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.
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Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Title
The name of a published composition, set or data, images or other work.
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Uranus
The eighth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Uranus.Ariel
The fourth largest moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Uranus.Miranda
The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Oberon
The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Puck
The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Titania
The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Umbriel
The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.
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Venus
The second planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Venus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
A sequence of values corresponding to the elements in a rectilinear, n-dimension matrix. Each value can be referenced by a unique index.
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AutoSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the auto correlation function for physical or empirical observations, which describes the general dependence of the time series data values at one instant on the time series data values at another instant.
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Average
The statistical mean equal to the sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set.
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Characteristic
A quantity which can be easily identified and measured in a given environment.
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Circular
Relative to polarization, right-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating clockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. Left-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating counterclockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. The polarization of magnetohydrodynamic waves is specified with respect to the ambient mean magnetic field. Right-handed polarized waves have a transverse electric field component which turns in a right-handed sense (that of the gyrating electrons) around the magnetic field.
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Coherence
The coherence between two signals x(t) and y(t), C<sub>xy</sub>, is a real-valued function. The square of the coherence is defined by using: Cxy^2=|Gxy(f)|^2/Gxx(f)Gyy(f) where Gxy(f) is equal to the cross-spectral density between two time series denoted as x and y, respectively, and Gxx(f) and Gyy(f) are equal to the auto-spectral densities of the same two time series. Values of Cxy^2 always lie in the range between zero and one, 0<=Cxy^2<=1, in accordance with the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.
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Column
A 2-D measure of a quantity. The column is the area over which the quantity is measured.
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Component
Projection of a vector along one of the base axes of a coordinate system.
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Component.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Confidence
An expression of how certain that a quantity is valid or accurate.
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Core
The central or main part of an object or calculated distribution. For example, the part of a distribution of particles at low energies that is a thermal (Maxwellian) population.
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CrossSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the cross correlation of two physical or empirical observations.
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Deviation
The difference between an observed value and the expected value of a quantity.
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Differential
A measurement within a narrow range of energy and/or solid angle.
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Direction
The spatial relation between an object and another object, the orientation of the object or the course along which the object points or moves.
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Directional
A measurement within a narrow range of solid angle.
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DirectionAngle
The angle between a position vector or measured vector (or one of its projections onto a plane) and one of the base axes of the coordinate system.
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DirectionAngle.AzimuthAngle
The angle between the projection into the I-J plane of a position or measured vector and the I-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(J/I). This term could be also applied to angles measured in different planes, i.e., the IMF clock angle defined as arctan(|By|/Bz).
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DirectionAngle.ElevationAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the I-J plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(K/sqrt(I^2+J^2)).
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DirectionAngle.PolarAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k). This term could be also applied to angles between the vector and other components, for example the IMF cone angle defined as arccos(B<sub>x</sub>/B<sub>t</sub>).
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DirectionCosine
The cosine of the angle between two vectors usually between a vector and one of the basis axes defining a Cartesian coordinate system. Three angles and thus three direction cosines are required to define a vector direction in a 3-D Euclidean space.
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DirectionCosine.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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EncodedParameter
A variable that uses successive bits to encode, this is bitwise encode, a set of conditions by using a composited multi-bit numeric value. A common example is a bitwise encoded flag that denotes whether various possible errors that may affect a particular measurement. For example, a bit value equal to zero may indicate the absence of a particular error condition while a value equal to one would indicate the possibility that the associated datum should be ignored or used with caution due to the same error categorization.
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FieldAligned
The component of a quantity which is oriented in the same direction of a field.
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Fit
Values that make a model agree with the data.
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Group
An assemblage of values that a certain relation or common characteristic.
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Halo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution. For example, the particles above the core energies that show enhancements above the thermal population. Typically, a "power law tail" shows a break from the core Maxwellian at a particular energy.
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ImaginaryPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z=a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient b is called the imaginary part of the complex number z.
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Integral
A flux measurement in a broad range of energy and solid angle.
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Integral.Area
Integration over the extent of a planar region, or of the surface of a solid.
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Integral.Bandwidth
Integration over the width a frequency band.
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Integral.SolidAngle
Integration over the angle in 3-D space that an object subtends at a point.
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Linear
Polarization where the E-field vector is confined to a given plane.
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LineOfSight
The line of sight is the line that connects the observer with the observed object. This expression is often used with measurements of Doppler velocity and magnetic field in magnetograms, where only the component of the vector field directed along the line of sight is measured.
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Magnitude
A measure of the strength of a vector quantity or length of its representational vector.
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Maximum
The largest value of a batch or sample or the upper bound of a probability distribution.
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Median
The measure of central tendency of a set of n values computed by ordering the values and taking the value at position (n+1)/2 when n is odd or the arithmetic mean of the values at positions n/2 and (n/2)+1 when n is even.
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Minimum
The smallest value of a batch or sample or the lower bound of a probability distribution.
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Moment
Parameters determined by integration over a distribution function convolved with a power of velocity.
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Parallel
Having the same direction as a given direction.
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Peak
The maximum value for the quantity in question, over a period of time which is usually equal to the cadence.
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Perpendicular
At right angles to a given direction.
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Perturbation
Variations in the state of a system.
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Phase
A point or portion in a recurring series of changes.
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PhaseAngle
Phase difference between two or more waves, normally expressed in degrees.
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PowerSpectralDensity
The Power Spectral Density, PSD, is the measure of signal power content versus frequency, energy, wave number, etc. A PSD is typically used to characterize broadband random signals. The amplitude of the PSD is normalized by the spectral resolution employed to digitize the signal.
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Projection
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector as projected into a plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IJ
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-J (typically X-Y) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-K (typically X-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.JK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the J-K (typically Y-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Pseudo
Similar to or having the appearance of something else. Can be used to indicate an estimation or approximation of a particular quantity.
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Ratio
The relative magnitudes of two quantities.
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RealPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z= a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient a is called the real part of the complex number z.
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Scalar
A quantity that is completely specified by its magnitude and has no direction.
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Spectral
Characterized as a range or continuum of frequencies.
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StandardDeviation
The square root of the average of the squares of deviations about the mean of a set of data. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of spread or variability.
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StokesParameters
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.
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Strahl
A distribution of particles concentrated in a narrow energy band. The band may be may be aligned with a secondary feature. For example, it may occur in a narrow cone aligned with the mean magnetic field direction.
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Superhalo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution evident in a second break in the distribution function (e.g., a different power law). It consists of a population with energies higher than that of coexisting halo population.
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Symmetric
Equal distribution about one or more axes.
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Tensor
A generalized linear quantity or geometrical entity that can be expressed as a multi-dimensional array relative to a choice of basis of the particular space on which it is defined.
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Total
The summation of quantities over all possible species.
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Trace
The sum of the elements on the main diagonal (the diagonal from the upper left to the lower right) of a square matrix.
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Uncertainty
A statistically defined discrepancy between a measured quantity and the true value of that quantity that cannot be corrected by calculation or calibration.
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Variance
A measure of dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. The expectation value of the squared deviations from the mean.
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Vector
A set of parameter values each along some independent variable (e.g., components of a field in three orthogonal spatial directions, atmospheric temperature values at several altitudes, or at a given latitude and longitude).
A suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in a gas.
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AlphaParticle
A positively charged nuclear particle that consists of two protons and two neutrons.
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Atom
Matter consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons which has no net charge.
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Dust
Free microscopic particles of solid material.
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Electron
An elementary particle that has a negative charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 9.10938*10^-31 kg.
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Ion
An atom that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons (Note: Z>2).
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Molecule
A group of atoms so united and combined by chemical affinity that they form a complete, integrated whole, being the smallest portion of any particular compound that can exist in a free state.
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Neutron
An elementary particle with neutral charge that is a constituent of atomic nuclei. Neutrons have a rest mass slightly large than that of a proton equal to about 1.67493*10^-24 kg.
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Proton
An elementary particle that is a constituent of all atomic nuclei. Protons have a positive charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 1.67262*10^-27 kg.
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Positron
An elementary particle that has a positive charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 9.10938*10^-31 kg.
A small extraterrestrial body consisting mostly of rock and metal that is in orbit around the Sun.
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Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Comet
A relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit.
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Comet.1PHalley
1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.
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Comet.26PGriggSkjellerup
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.
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Comet.67PChuryumovGerasimenko
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.
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Earth
The third planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Earth.Magnetosheath
The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.
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Earth.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Earth.Moon
The only natural satellite of the Earth.
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Earth.NearSurface
The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.
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Earth.NearSurface.Atmosphere
The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.AuroralRegion
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.
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Earth.NearSurface.EquatorialRegion
A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion
A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside
The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.
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Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.NearSurface.PolarCap
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.
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Earth.NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion
The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Stratosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.
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Earth.NearSurface.Thermosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.Troposphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.
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Earth.Surface
The outermost area of a solid object.
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Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Heliosphere
The solar atmosphere extending roughly from the outer corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.
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Heliosphere.Heliosheath
The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.
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Heliosphere.Inner
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.
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Heliosphere.NearEarth
The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.
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Heliosphere.Outer
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.
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Heliosphere.Remote1AU
A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.
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Incident
Direction-dependent property.
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Interstellar
The region between stars outside of any stellar heliopause.
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Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter
The fifth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Jupiter.Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars
The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mars.Deimos
The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.
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Mars.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars.Phobos
The larger and inner most moon of Mars.
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Mercury
The first planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune
The seventh planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune.Proteus
The second largest moon of Neptune.
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Neptune.Triton
The largest moon of Neptune.
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Planet
A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor a stellar remnant. In August 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined that in the Solar System a planet is a celestial body that satisfies the following criteria (1) is in orbit around the Sun, (2) has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape), and (3) has "cleared the neighborhood" around its orbit. This definition is still controversial to this day. Many members of the community believe that Pluto, which was demoted to the status dwarf planet, should maintain its planet status.
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Pluto
The ninth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn
The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Saturn.Dione
The fourth largest moon of Saturn.
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Saturn.Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Saturn.Iapetus
The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Saturn.Mimas
The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.
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Saturn.Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Tethys
The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.
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Saturn.Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Sun
The star upon which our solar system is centered.
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Sun.Chromosphere
The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.
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Sun.Corona
The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.
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Sun.Interior
The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.
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Sun.Photosphere
The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.
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Sun.TransitionRegion
A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.
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Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Title
The name of a published composition, set or data, images or other work.
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Uranus
The eighth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Uranus.Ariel
The fourth largest moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Uranus.Miranda
The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Oberon
The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Puck
The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Titania
The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Umbriel
The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.
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Venus
The second planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Venus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
A sequence of values corresponding to the elements in a rectilinear, n-dimension matrix. Each value can be referenced by a unique index.
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AutoSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the auto correlation function for physical or empirical observations, which describes the general dependence of the time series data values at one instant on the time series data values at another instant.
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Average
The statistical mean equal to the sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set.
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Characteristic
A quantity which can be easily identified and measured in a given environment.
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Circular
Relative to polarization, right-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating clockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. Left-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating counterclockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. The polarization of magnetohydrodynamic waves is specified with respect to the ambient mean magnetic field. Right-handed polarized waves have a transverse electric field component which turns in a right-handed sense (that of the gyrating electrons) around the magnetic field.
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Coherence
The coherence between two signals x(t) and y(t), C<sub>xy</sub>, is a real-valued function. The square of the coherence is defined by using: Cxy^2=|Gxy(f)|^2/Gxx(f)Gyy(f) where Gxy(f) is equal to the cross-spectral density between two time series denoted as x and y, respectively, and Gxx(f) and Gyy(f) are equal to the auto-spectral densities of the same two time series. Values of Cxy^2 always lie in the range between zero and one, 0<=Cxy^2<=1, in accordance with the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.
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Column
A 2-D measure of a quantity. The column is the area over which the quantity is measured.
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Component
Projection of a vector along one of the base axes of a coordinate system.
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Component.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Component.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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Confidence
An expression of how certain that a quantity is valid or accurate.
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Core
The central or main part of an object or calculated distribution. For example, the part of a distribution of particles at low energies that is a thermal (Maxwellian) population.
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CrossSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the cross correlation of two physical or empirical observations.
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Deviation
The difference between an observed value and the expected value of a quantity.
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Differential
A measurement within a narrow range of energy and/or solid angle.
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Direction
The spatial relation between an object and another object, the orientation of the object or the course along which the object points or moves.
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Directional
A measurement within a narrow range of solid angle.
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DirectionAngle
The angle between a position vector or measured vector (or one of its projections onto a plane) and one of the base axes of the coordinate system.
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DirectionAngle.AzimuthAngle
The angle between the projection into the I-J plane of a position or measured vector and the I-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(J/I). This term could be also applied to angles measured in different planes, i.e., the IMF clock angle defined as arctan(|By|/Bz).
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DirectionAngle.ElevationAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the I-J plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(K/sqrt(I^2+J^2)).
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DirectionAngle.PolarAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k). This term could be also applied to angles between the vector and other components, for example the IMF cone angle defined as arccos(B<sub>x</sub>/B<sub>t</sub>).
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DirectionCosine
The cosine of the angle between two vectors usually between a vector and one of the basis axes defining a Cartesian coordinate system. Three angles and thus three direction cosines are required to define a vector direction in a 3-D Euclidean space.
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DirectionCosine.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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DirectionCosine.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
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EncodedParameter
A variable that uses successive bits to encode, this is bitwise encode, a set of conditions by using a composited multi-bit numeric value. A common example is a bitwise encoded flag that denotes whether various possible errors that may affect a particular measurement. For example, a bit value equal to zero may indicate the absence of a particular error condition while a value equal to one would indicate the possibility that the associated datum should be ignored or used with caution due to the same error categorization.
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FieldAligned
The component of a quantity which is oriented in the same direction of a field.
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Fit
Values that make a model agree with the data.
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Group
An assemblage of values that a certain relation or common characteristic.
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Halo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution. For example, the particles above the core energies that show enhancements above the thermal population. Typically, a "power law tail" shows a break from the core Maxwellian at a particular energy.
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ImaginaryPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z=a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient b is called the imaginary part of the complex number z.
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Integral
A flux measurement in a broad range of energy and solid angle.
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Integral.Area
Integration over the extent of a planar region, or of the surface of a solid.
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Integral.Bandwidth
Integration over the width a frequency band.
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Integral.SolidAngle
Integration over the angle in 3-D space that an object subtends at a point.
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Linear
Polarization where the E-field vector is confined to a given plane.
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LineOfSight
The line of sight is the line that connects the observer with the observed object. This expression is often used with measurements of Doppler velocity and magnetic field in magnetograms, where only the component of the vector field directed along the line of sight is measured.
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Magnitude
A measure of the strength of a vector quantity or length of its representational vector.
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Maximum
The largest value of a batch or sample or the upper bound of a probability distribution.
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Median
The measure of central tendency of a set of n values computed by ordering the values and taking the value at position (n+1)/2 when n is odd or the arithmetic mean of the values at positions n/2 and (n/2)+1 when n is even.
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Minimum
The smallest value of a batch or sample or the lower bound of a probability distribution.
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Moment
Parameters determined by integration over a distribution function convolved with a power of velocity.
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Parallel
Having the same direction as a given direction.
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Peak
The maximum value for the quantity in question, over a period of time which is usually equal to the cadence.
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Perpendicular
At right angles to a given direction.
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Perturbation
Variations in the state of a system.
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Phase
A point or portion in a recurring series of changes.
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PhaseAngle
Phase difference between two or more waves, normally expressed in degrees.
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PowerSpectralDensity
The Power Spectral Density, PSD, is the measure of signal power content versus frequency, energy, wave number, etc. A PSD is typically used to characterize broadband random signals. The amplitude of the PSD is normalized by the spectral resolution employed to digitize the signal.
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Projection
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector as projected into a plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IJ
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-J (typically X-Y) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.IK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-K (typically X-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Projection.JK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the J-K (typically Y-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
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Pseudo
Similar to or having the appearance of something else. Can be used to indicate an estimation or approximation of a particular quantity.
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Ratio
The relative magnitudes of two quantities.
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RealPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z= a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient a is called the real part of the complex number z.
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Scalar
A quantity that is completely specified by its magnitude and has no direction.
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Spectral
Characterized as a range or continuum of frequencies.
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StandardDeviation
The square root of the average of the squares of deviations about the mean of a set of data. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of spread or variability.
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StokesParameters
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.
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Strahl
A distribution of particles concentrated in a narrow energy band. The band may be may be aligned with a secondary feature. For example, it may occur in a narrow cone aligned with the mean magnetic field direction.
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Superhalo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution evident in a second break in the distribution function (e.g., a different power law). It consists of a population with energies higher than that of coexisting halo population.
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Symmetric
Equal distribution about one or more axes.
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Tensor
A generalized linear quantity or geometrical entity that can be expressed as a multi-dimensional array relative to a choice of basis of the particular space on which it is defined.
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Total
The summation of quantities over all possible species.
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Trace
The sum of the elements on the main diagonal (the diagonal from the upper left to the lower right) of a square matrix.
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Uncertainty
A statistically defined discrepancy between a measured quantity and the true value of that quantity that cannot be corrected by calculation or calibration.
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Variance
A measure of dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. The expectation value of the squared deviations from the mean.
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Vector
A set of parameter values each along some independent variable (e.g., components of a field in three orthogonal spatial directions, atmospheric temperature values at several altitudes, or at a given latitude and longitude).
It is the scalar quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit time flowing across a given surface.
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CurrentDensity
It is the vector quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit cross-sectional area per unit time flowing through a given point. Measurements of current density are often provided in terms of the magnetic perturbations (superposed upon a background magnetic field, if present) associated with the current density.
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Electric
The physical attribute that exerts an electrical force.
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Electromagnetic
Electric and magnetic field variations in time and space that propagate through a medium or a vacuum. The wave propagation direction, electric field vector, and magnetic field vector form an orthogonal triad. Waves in this category are detected by having their field quantities measured.
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Gyrofrequency
The number of gyrations around a magnetic guiding center (field line) a charged particle makes per unit time due to the Lorentz force.
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Magnetic
The physical attribute attributed to a magnet or its equivalent.
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PlasmaFrequency
A number density dependent characteristic frequency of a plasma.
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Potential
The work required per unit charge to move a charge from a reference point to a point at infinity (electric potential is defined to be zero). The electric potential of a spacecraft is often referred to as the spacecraft potential. The spacecraft potential is the electric potential of the spacecraft relative to the potential of the nearby plasma. The spacecraft potential is non-zero because the spacecraft charges to the level that the emitted photoelectron flux going to infinity is balanced by the plasma electron flux to the spacecraft.
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PoyntingFlux
Electromagnetic energy flux transported by a wave characterized as the rate of energy transport per unit area per steradian.
A small extraterrestrial body consisting mostly of rock and metal that is in orbit around the Sun.
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Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Comet
A relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit.
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Comet.1PHalley
1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.
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Comet.26PGriggSkjellerup
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.
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Comet.67PChuryumovGerasimenko
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.
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Earth
The third planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Earth.Magnetosheath
The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.
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Earth.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Earth.Moon
The only natural satellite of the Earth.
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Earth.NearSurface
The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.
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Earth.NearSurface.Atmosphere
The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.AuroralRegion
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.
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Earth.NearSurface.EquatorialRegion
A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion
A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside
The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.
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Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.NearSurface.PolarCap
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.
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Earth.NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion
The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Stratosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.
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Earth.NearSurface.Thermosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.Troposphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.
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Earth.Surface
The outermost area of a solid object.
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Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Heliosphere
The solar atmosphere extending roughly from the outer corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.
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Heliosphere.Heliosheath
The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.
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Heliosphere.Inner
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.
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Heliosphere.NearEarth
The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.
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Heliosphere.Outer
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.
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Heliosphere.Remote1AU
A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.
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Incident
Direction-dependent property.
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Interstellar
The region between stars outside of any stellar heliopause.
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Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter
The fifth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Jupiter.Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars
The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mars.Deimos
The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.
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Mars.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars.Phobos
The larger and inner most moon of Mars.
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Mercury
The first planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune
The seventh planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune.Proteus
The second largest moon of Neptune.
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Neptune.Triton
The largest moon of Neptune.
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Planet
A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor a stellar remnant. In August 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined that in the Solar System a planet is a celestial body that satisfies the following criteria (1) is in orbit around the Sun, (2) has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape), and (3) has "cleared the neighborhood" around its orbit. This definition is still controversial to this day. Many members of the community believe that Pluto, which was demoted to the status dwarf planet, should maintain its planet status.
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Pluto
The ninth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn
The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Saturn.Dione
The fourth largest moon of Saturn.
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Saturn.Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Saturn.Iapetus
The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Saturn.Mimas
The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.
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Saturn.Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Tethys
The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.
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Saturn.Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Sun
The star upon which our solar system is centered.
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Sun.Chromosphere
The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.
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Sun.Corona
The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.
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Sun.Interior
The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.
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Sun.Photosphere
The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.
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Sun.TransitionRegion
A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.
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Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Title
The name of a published composition, set or data, images or other work.
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Uranus
The eighth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Uranus.Ariel
The fourth largest moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Uranus.Miranda
The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Oberon
The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Puck
The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Titania
The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Umbriel
The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.
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Venus
The second planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Venus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
Data wherein sensor outputs have been convolved with instrument response function, often irreversibly, to yield data in physical units. Similar to NASA Level 2.
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Raw
Data in its original state with no processing to account for calibration. Similar to NASA Level 0.
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Uncalibrated
Duplicate data are removed from the data stream and data are time ordered. Values are not adjusted for any potential biases or external factors. Similar to NASA Level 1.
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ValueAdded
Calibrated data that has been mapped on uniform space-time grid scales with gaps, flags and out-of-range values replaced with appropriate values. Similar to NASA Level 3.
An indication, derived from one or more measurements, of the level of activity of an object or region, such as sunspot number, F10.7 flux, Dst, or the Polar Cap Indices.
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Dopplergram
A map or image depicting the spatial distribution of line-of-sight velocities of the observed object.
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Dust
Free microscopic particles of solid material.
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ElectricField
A region of space around a charged particle, or between two voltages within which a force is exerted on charged objects in its vicinity. An electric field is the electric force per unit charge.
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EnergeticParticles
Pieces of matter that are moving very fast. Energetic particles include protons, electrons, neutrons, neutrinos, the nuclei of atoms, and other sub-atomic particles.
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Ephemeris
The spatial coordinates of a body as a function of time. When used as an Instrument Type it represents the process or methods used to generate spatial coordinates.
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ImageIntensity
Measurements of the 2-D distribution of the intensity of photons from some region or object such as the Sun or the polar auroral regions, can be in any wavelength band, and polarized, etc.
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InstrumentStatus
A quantity directly related to the operation or function of an instrument.
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IonComposition
In situ measurements of the relative flux or density of electrically charged particles in the space environment. May give simple fluxes, but full distribution functions are sometimes measured.
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Irradiance
A radiometric term for the power of electromagnetic radiation at a surface, per unit area. Irradiance is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. Irradiance data may be reported in any units (i.e., counts/s) due to, for example, being at a particular wavelength, or to being a not fully calibrated relative measurement.
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MagneticField
A region of space near a magnetized body where magnetic forces can be detected (as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting, etc.).
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Magnetogram
Measurements of the vector or line-of-sight magnetic field determined from remote sensing measurements of the detailed structure of spectral lines, including their splitting and polarization.
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NeutralAtomImages
Measurements of neutral atom fluxes as a function of look direction often related to remote energetic charged particles that lose their charge through charge-exchange and then reach the detector on a line-of-sight trajectory.
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NeutralGas
Measurements of neutral atomic and molecular components of a gas.
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Profile
Measurements of a quantity as a function of height above an object such as the limb of a body.
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Radiance
A radiometric measurement that describes the amount of electromagnetic radiation that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle in a specified direction. They are used to characterize both emission from diffuse sources and reflection from diffuse surfaces.
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Spectrum
The distribution of a characteristic of a physical system or phenomenon, such as the energy emitted by a radiant source, arranged in the order of wavelengths.
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SPICE
SPICE is an ancillary information system that provides scientists and engineers the capability to include space geometry and event data into mission design, science observation planning, and science data analysis software. The staff of the NASA Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility, NAIF, which is located at JPL provides SPICE support for planetary, heliophysics, and Earth science missions, see https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/index.html. This SPICE has been adapted from text on NAF hosted web pages.
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ThermalPlasma
Measurements of the plasma in the energy regime where the most of the plasma occurs. May be the basic fluxes in the form of distribution functions or the derived bulk parameters (density, flow velocity, etc.).
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Waves
Data resulting from observations of wave experiments and natural wave phenomena. Wave experiments are typically active and natural wave phenomena are passive. Examples of wave experiments include coherent/incoherent scatter radars, radio soundings, VLF propagation studies, ionospheric scintillation of beacon satellite signals, etc. Examples of natural wave phenomena include micropulsations, mesospheric gravity waves, auroral/plasmaspheric hiss, Langmuir waves, AKR, Jovian decametric radiation, solar radio bursts, etc.
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Waves.Active
Exerting an influence or producing a change or effect. An active measurement is one which produces a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.
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Waves.Passive
Movement or effect produced by outside influence. A passive measurement is one which does not produce a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.
A small extraterrestrial body consisting mostly of rock and metal that is in orbit around the Sun.
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Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Comet
A relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit.
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Comet.1PHalley
1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.
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Comet.26PGriggSkjellerup
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.
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Comet.67PChuryumovGerasimenko
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.
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Earth
The third planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Earth.Magnetosheath
The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.
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Earth.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Earth.Moon
The only natural satellite of the Earth.
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Earth.NearSurface
The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.
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Earth.NearSurface.Atmosphere
The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.AuroralRegion
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.
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Earth.NearSurface.EquatorialRegion
A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion
A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside
The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.
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Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.NearSurface.PolarCap
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.
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Earth.NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion
The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Stratosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.
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Earth.NearSurface.Thermosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.Troposphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.
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Earth.Surface
The outermost area of a solid object.
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Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Heliosphere
The solar atmosphere extending roughly from the outer corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.
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Heliosphere.Heliosheath
The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.
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Heliosphere.Inner
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.
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Heliosphere.NearEarth
The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.
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Heliosphere.Outer
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.
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Heliosphere.Remote1AU
A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.
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Incident
Direction-dependent property.
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Interstellar
The region between stars outside of any stellar heliopause.
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Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter
The fifth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Jupiter.Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars
The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mars.Deimos
The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.
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Mars.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars.Phobos
The larger and inner most moon of Mars.
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Mercury
The first planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune
The seventh planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune.Proteus
The second largest moon of Neptune.
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Neptune.Triton
The largest moon of Neptune.
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Planet
A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor a stellar remnant. In August 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined that in the Solar System a planet is a celestial body that satisfies the following criteria (1) is in orbit around the Sun, (2) has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape), and (3) has "cleared the neighborhood" around its orbit. This definition is still controversial to this day. Many members of the community believe that Pluto, which was demoted to the status dwarf planet, should maintain its planet status.
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Pluto
The ninth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn
The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Saturn.Dione
The fourth largest moon of Saturn.
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Saturn.Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Saturn.Iapetus
The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Saturn.Mimas
The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.
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Saturn.Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Tethys
The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.
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Saturn.Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Sun
The star upon which our solar system is centered.
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Sun.Chromosphere
The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.
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Sun.Corona
The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.
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Sun.Interior
The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.
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Sun.Photosphere
The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.
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Sun.TransitionRegion
A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.
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Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Title
The name of a published composition, set or data, images or other work.
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Uranus
The eighth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Uranus.Ariel
The fourth largest moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Uranus.Miranda
The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Oberon
The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Puck
The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Titania
The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Umbriel
The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.
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Venus
The second planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Venus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Venus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
A set of 2-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points located in a planar slice of a model volume.
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3DCubes
A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a model volume.
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Lines
A set of 1-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points along a line though a model volume. For instance, the points of the line may correspond to the trajectory of a spacecraft through model space.
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SpatialSeries
A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a spacial volume.
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Spectra
A term that applies to any signal that can be measured or decomposed along a continuous variable such as the electromagnetic radiation which can be decomposed as a function of wavelength or frequency.
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TimeSeries
A representation of data showing a set of observations taken at different points in time and charted as a time series.
Data wherein sensor outputs have been convolved with instrument response function, often irreversibly, to yield data in physical units. Similar to NASA Level 2.
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Raw
Data in its original state with no processing to account for calibration. Similar to NASA Level 0.
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Uncalibrated
Duplicate data are removed from the data stream and data are time ordered. Values are not adjusted for any potential biases or external factors. Similar to NASA Level 1.
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ValueAdded
Calibrated data that has been mapped on uniform space-time grid scales with gaps, flags and out-of-range values replaced with appropriate values. Similar to NASA Level 3.
An indication, derived from one or more measurements, of the level of activity of an object or region, such as sunspot number, F10.7 flux, Dst, or the Polar Cap Indices.
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Dopplergram
A map or image depicting the spatial distribution of line-of-sight velocities of the observed object.
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Dust
Free microscopic particles of solid material.
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ElectricField
A region of space around a charged particle, or between two voltages within which a force is exerted on charged objects in its vicinity. An electric field is the electric force per unit charge.
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EnergeticParticles
Pieces of matter that are moving very fast. Energetic particles include protons, electrons, neutrons, neutrinos, the nuclei of atoms, and other sub-atomic particles.
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Ephemeris
The spatial coordinates of a body as a function of time. When used as an Instrument Type it represents the process or methods used to generate spatial coordinates.
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ImageIntensity
Measurements of the 2-D distribution of the intensity of photons from some region or object such as the Sun or the polar auroral regions, can be in any wavelength band, and polarized, etc.
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InstrumentStatus
A quantity directly related to the operation or function of an instrument.
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IonComposition
In situ measurements of the relative flux or density of electrically charged particles in the space environment. May give simple fluxes, but full distribution functions are sometimes measured.
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Irradiance
A radiometric term for the power of electromagnetic radiation at a surface, per unit area. Irradiance is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. Irradiance data may be reported in any units (i.e., counts/s) due to, for example, being at a particular wavelength, or to being a not fully calibrated relative measurement.
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MagneticField
A region of space near a magnetized body where magnetic forces can be detected (as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting, etc.).
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Magnetogram
Measurements of the vector or line-of-sight magnetic field determined from remote sensing measurements of the detailed structure of spectral lines, including their splitting and polarization.
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NeutralAtomImages
Measurements of neutral atom fluxes as a function of look direction often related to remote energetic charged particles that lose their charge through charge-exchange and then reach the detector on a line-of-sight trajectory.
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NeutralGas
Measurements of neutral atomic and molecular components of a gas.
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Profile
Measurements of a quantity as a function of height above an object such as the limb of a body.
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Radiance
A radiometric measurement that describes the amount of electromagnetic radiation that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle in a specified direction. They are used to characterize both emission from diffuse sources and reflection from diffuse surfaces.
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Spectrum
The distribution of a characteristic of a physical system or phenomenon, such as the energy emitted by a radiant source, arranged in the order of wavelengths.
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SPICE
SPICE is an ancillary information system that provides scientists and engineers the capability to include space geometry and event data into mission design, science observation planning, and science data analysis software. The staff of the NASA Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility, NAIF, which is located at JPL provides SPICE support for planetary, heliophysics, and Earth science missions, see https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/index.html. This SPICE has been adapted from text on NAF hosted web pages.
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ThermalPlasma
Measurements of the plasma in the energy regime where the most of the plasma occurs. May be the basic fluxes in the form of distribution functions or the derived bulk parameters (density, flow velocity, etc.).
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Waves
Data resulting from observations of wave experiments and natural wave phenomena. Wave experiments are typically active and natural wave phenomena are passive. Examples of wave experiments include coherent/incoherent scatter radars, radio soundings, VLF propagation studies, ionospheric scintillation of beacon satellite signals, etc. Examples of natural wave phenomena include micropulsations, mesospheric gravity waves, auroral/plasmaspheric hiss, Langmuir waves, AKR, Jovian decametric radiation, solar radio bursts, etc.
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Waves.Active
Exerting an influence or producing a change or effect. An active measurement is one which produces a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.
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Waves.Passive
Movement or effect produced by outside influence. A passive measurement is one which does not produce a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.
A small extraterrestrial body consisting mostly of rock and metal that is in orbit around the Sun.
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Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Comet
A relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit.
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Comet.1PHalley
1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.
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Comet.26PGriggSkjellerup
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.
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Comet.67PChuryumovGerasimenko
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.
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Earth
The third planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Earth.Magnetosheath
The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.
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Earth.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Earth.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Earth.Moon
The only natural satellite of the Earth.
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Earth.NearSurface
The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.
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Earth.NearSurface.Atmosphere
The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.AuroralRegion
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.
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Earth.NearSurface.EquatorialRegion
A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion
A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside
The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.
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Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Earth.NearSurface.PolarCap
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.
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Earth.NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion
The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.
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Earth.NearSurface.Stratosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
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Earth.NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.
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Earth.NearSurface.Thermosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.
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Earth.NearSurface.Troposphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.
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Earth.Surface
The outermost area of a solid object.
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Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Heliosphere
The solar atmosphere extending roughly from the outer corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.
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Heliosphere.Heliosheath
The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.
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Heliosphere.Inner
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.
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Heliosphere.NearEarth
The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.
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Heliosphere.Outer
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.
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Heliosphere.Remote1AU
A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.
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Incident
Direction-dependent property.
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Interstellar
The region between stars outside of any stellar heliopause.
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Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter
The fifth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Jupiter.Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
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Jupiter.Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars
The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mars.Deimos
The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.
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Mars.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mars.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Mars.Phobos
The larger and inner most moon of Mars.
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Mercury
The first planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Mercury.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune
The seventh planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Neptune.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Neptune.Proteus
The second largest moon of Neptune.
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Neptune.Triton
The largest moon of Neptune.
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Planet
A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor a stellar remnant. In August 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined that in the Solar System a planet is a celestial body that satisfies the following criteria (1) is in orbit around the Sun, (2) has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape), and (3) has "cleared the neighborhood" around its orbit. This definition is still controversial to this day. Many members of the community believe that Pluto, which was demoted to the status dwarf planet, should maintain its planet status.
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Pluto
The ninth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn
The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Saturn.Dione
The fourth largest moon of Saturn.
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Saturn.Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
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Saturn.Iapetus
The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Saturn.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Saturn.Mimas
The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.
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Saturn.Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Saturn.Tethys
The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.
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Saturn.Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Sun
The star upon which our solar system is centered.
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Sun.Chromosphere
The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.
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Sun.Corona
The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.
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Sun.Interior
The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.
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Sun.Photosphere
The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.
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Sun.TransitionRegion
A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.
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Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Title
The name of a published composition, set or data, images or other work.
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Uranus
The eighth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Uranus.Ariel
The fourth largest moon of Uranus.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Uranus.Miranda
The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.
enumeration
Uranus.Oberon
The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.
enumeration
Uranus.Puck
The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.
enumeration
Uranus.Titania
The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.
enumeration
Uranus.Umbriel
The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.
enumeration
Venus
The second planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
A set of 2-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points located in a planar slice of a model volume.
enumeration
3DCubes
A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a model volume.
enumeration
Lines
A set of 1-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points along a line though a model volume. For instance, the points of the line may correspond to the trajectory of a spacecraft through model space.
enumeration
SpatialSeries
A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a spacial volume.
enumeration
Spectra
A term that applies to any signal that can be measured or decomposed along a continuous variable such as the electromagnetic radiation which can be decomposed as a function of wavelength or frequency.
enumeration
TimeSeries
A representation of data showing a set of observations taken at different points in time and charted as a time series.
Space Physics Archive Search and Extract (SPASE). The outermost container or envelope for SPASE metadata. This indicates the start of the SPASE metadata.
A tabular listing of events or observational notes, especially those that have utility in aiding a user in locating data. Catalogs include lists of events, files in a product, and data availability. A Catalog resource is a type of "data product" which is a set of data that is uniformly processed and formatted, from one or more instruments, typically spanning the full duration of the observations of the relevant instrument(s). A data product may consist of a collection of granules of successive time spans, but may be a single high-level entity.
<xsd:complexType name="Catalog"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A tabular listing of events or observational notes, especially those that have utility in aiding a user in locating data. Catalogs include lists of events, files in a product, and data availability. A Catalog resource is a type of "data product" which is a set of data that is uniformly processed and formatted, from one or more instruments, typically spanning the full duration of the observations of the relevant instrument(s). A data product may consist of a collection of granules of successive time spans, but may be a single high-level entity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="ResourceID" type="spase:ResourceID" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ResourceHeader" type="spase:ResourceHeader" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="AccessInformation" type="spase:AccessInformation" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="ProviderName" type="spase:ProviderName" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ProviderResourceName" type="spase:ProviderResourceName" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ProviderVersion" type="spase:ProviderVersion" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="InstrumentID" type="spase:InstrumentID" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="PhenomenonType" type="spase:PhenomenonType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="TimeSpan" type="spase:TimeSpan" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Caveats" type="spase:Caveats" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Keyword" type="spase:Keyword" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="InputResourceID" type="spase:InputResourceID" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Parameter" type="spase:Parameter" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Extension" type="spase:Extension" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:ResourceID
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A ResourceID is a URI that has the form "scheme://authority/path" where "scheme" is "spase" for those resources administered through the SPASE framework, "authority" is the unique identifier for the resource provider registered within the SPASE framework and "path" is the unique identifier of the resource within the context of the "authority". All ResourceIDs must be unique within the SPASE framework.
<xsd:simpleType name="ResourceID"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A ResourceID is a URI that has the form "scheme://authority/path" where "scheme" is "spase" for those resources administered through the SPASE framework, "authority" is the unique identifier for the resource provider registered within the SPASE framework and "path" is the unique identifier of the resource within the context of the "authority". All ResourceIDs must be unique within the SPASE framework.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="spase:typeID"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="ResourceName"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A short textual description of a resource which may be useful when read by a person.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:AlternateName
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
An alternative or shortened name used to refer to a resource. This includes acronyms, expanded names or a synonym for a resource.
<xsd:simpleType name="AlternateName"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An alternative or shortened name used to refer to a resource. This includes acronyms, expanded names or a synonym for a resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:DOI
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A digital object identifier (DOI) is a unique alphanumeric string assigned by a registration agency (the International DOI Foundation) to identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the Internet.
<xsd:simpleType name="DOI"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A digital object identifier (DOI) is a unique alphanumeric string assigned by a registration agency (the International DOI Foundation) to identify content and provide a persistent link to its location on the Internet.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ReleaseDate
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The date and time when a resource is made available. The availability of a resource coincides with the release of a resource description. If the Release Date is specified as a future date, then it indicates that resource should not be made available until that time. However, this is only advisory and in practice the Release Date should be the actual date the resource description was published.
<xsd:simpleType name="ReleaseDate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The date and time when a resource is made available. The availability of a resource coincides with the release of a resource description. If the Release Date is specified as a future date, then it indicates that resource should not be made available until that time. However, this is only advisory and in practice the Release Date should be the actual date the resource description was published.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:dateTime"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:complexType name="RevisionHistory"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A history of changes that improve or upgrade.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="RevisionEvent" type="spase:RevisionEvent" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
<xsd:simpleType name="Note"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Information which is useful or important for the understanding of a value or parameter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ExpirationDate
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The date and time when a resource is no longer available. If the Expiration Date is specified then it indicates that resource should not be made available after that time. However, this is only advisory and in practice a resource description should be unpublished to eliminate access to a resource.
<xsd:simpleType name="ExpirationDate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The date and time when a resource is no longer available. If the Expiration Date is specified then it indicates that resource should not be made available after that time. However, this is only advisory and in practice a resource description should be unpublished to eliminate access to a resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:dateTime"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Description
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A narrative explanation with detail appropriate for the item it describes. For example, a description of data resource should include discussions of the main quantities in the resource, possible uses and search terms. A description should also include whether any corrections (i.e., geometry, inertial) have been applied to the resource.
<xsd:simpleType name="Description"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A narrative explanation with detail appropriate for the item it describes. For example, a description of data resource should include discussions of the main quantities in the resource, possible uses and search terms. A description should also include whether any corrections (i.e., geometry, inertial) have been applied to the resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Acknowledgement
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The individual, group or organization which should be acknowledged when the data is used in or contributes to a presentation or publication.
<xsd:simpleType name="Acknowledgement"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The individual, group or organization which should be acknowledged when the data is used in or contributes to a presentation or publication.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:PublicationInfo
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Information required to mint a DOI for the resource being described in SPASE.
<xsd:complexType name="PublicationInfo"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Information required to mint a DOI for the resource being described in SPASE.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Title" type="spase:Title" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Authors" type="spase:Authors" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="PublicationDate" type="spase:PublicationDate" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="PublishedBy" type="spase:PublishedBy" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="LandingPageURL" type="spase:LandingPageURL" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:Title
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The name of a published composition, set or data, images or other work.
<xsd:simpleType name="Title"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The name of a published composition, set or data, images or other work.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Authors
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A list of individuals or organizations who prepared the work (document, data, images or other types of resources). Separate multiple names with a semicolon. When an author is a person use the "last, first [, middle]" name format. Including a middle name is optional.
<xsd:simpleType name="Authors"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A list of individuals or organizations who prepared the work (document, data, images or other types of resources). Separate multiple names with a semicolon. When an author is a person use the "last, first [, middle]" name format. Including a middle name is optional.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:PublicationDate
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The date that the work (document, data, images or other types of resources) was first issued.
<xsd:simpleType name="PublicationDate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The date that the work (document, data, images or other types of resources) was first issued.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:dateTime"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:PublishedBy
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The name or the company, organization or individual that issues the work (document, data, images or other types of resources).
<xsd:simpleType name="PublishedBy"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The name or the company, organization or individual that issues the work (document, data, images or other types of resources).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:LandingPageURL
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) to a page that provides a way to access the resource. A landing page should contain a full bibliographic citation so that a human can tell they have arrived at the correct resource, and additional information about the resource that might not be easily retrievable from the resource itself.
<xsd:simpleType name="LandingPageURL"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) to a page that provides a way to access the resource. A landing page should contain a full bibliographic citation so that a human can tell they have arrived at the correct resource, and additional information about the resource that might not be easily retrievable from the resource itself.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:anyURI"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Funding
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The source of financial support (funding) for the resource.
<xsd:simpleType name="Agency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The name of an organization that provides a service or funding for specific projects.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Project
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The name of an organized activity with a stated goal or objective.
<xsd:simpleType name="Project"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The name of an organized activity with a stated goal or objective.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:AwardNumber
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The identifying information assigned to the financial support (funding) of a project.
<xsd:simpleType name="AwardNumber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The identifying information assigned to the financial support (funding) of a project.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Contact
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The person or organization who may be able to provide special assistance or serve as a channel for communication for additional information about a resource.
<xsd:complexType name="Contact"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The person or organization who may be able to provide special assistance or serve as a channel for communication for additional information about a resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="PersonID" type="spase:PersonID" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Role" type="spase:Role" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="StartDate" type="spase:StartDate" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="StopDate" type="spase:StopDate" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Note" type="spase:Note" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
<xsd:simpleType name="PersonID"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The identifier assigned to a Person description.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="spase:typeID"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Role
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the assigned or assumed function or position of an individual.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Author
The composer of a literary work. This can include presentations, articles, books, white papers or any similar published work.
enumeration
ArchiveSpecialist
An individual who is an expert on a collection of resources and may also be knowledgeable of the phenomenon and related physics represented by the resources. This includes librarians, curators, archive scientists and other experts.
enumeration
CoInvestigator
An individual who is a scientific peer and major participant in an investigation.
enumeration
CoPI
An individual who is peer of a principal investigator and is an administrative and scientific lead for an investigation.
enumeration
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the content of the resource.
enumeration
DataProducer
An individual who generated the resource and is familiar with its provenance.
enumeration
DeputyPI
An individual who is an administrative or scientific leader for an investigation operating under the supervision of a Principal Investigator.
enumeration
Developer
The developer of a system to imitate a situation or process.
enumeration
FormerPI
An individual who had served as the administrative and scientific lead for an investigation, but no longer assumes that role.
enumeration
GeneralContact
An individual who can provide information on a range of subjects or who can direct you to a domain expert.
enumeration
HostContact
An individual who can provide specific information with regard the hosting of a resource or supporting software.
enumeration
InstrumentLead
An individual who is the designated leader of an instrument or instrument package.
enumeration
InstrumentScientist
A scientist associated with a science instrument team with special familiarity and expertise on specific aspects of the design and operations of the instrument and the responsibility of ensuring the measurement capabilities of the instrument.
enumeration
MetadataContact
An individual who can affect a change in the metadata describing a resource.
enumeration
MissionManager
A Mission Manager is a role name used by the ESA. The Mission Manager corresponds to the Project Manager role used by NASA but the Mission Manager role only begins after the launch of the mission.
enumeration
MissionPrincipalInvestigator
An individual who is the administrative and scientific lead for a mission.
enumeration
PrincipalInvestigator
An individual who is the administrative and scientific lead for an investigation.
enumeration
ProgramManager
An individual whose major task entails direction of program team members such that the full organization achieves the objectives and goals of a program. The Program Manager is expected to provide clear guidance and resolve conflicts and issues while maintaining focus on achieving program success.
enumeration
ProgramScientist
A program scientist is someone who performs a range of scientific program planning duties, takes responsibility for the science content of flight mission programs or projects. A program scientist develops, reviews, and provides recommendations for proposed program requirements, expected results, budgetary estimates and also establishes methods and procedures to reduce program costs, provides expert advice to management on strategic planning and program development, develops and manages research program, and presents issues and proposes solutions to senior management.
enumeration
ProjectEngineer
An engineer tasked with the full suite of responsibilities as a project undergoes the transition from the requirements derivation and preliminary design phases to controlled hardware development, assembly and environmental testing. The Project Engineer manages a team while developing the cadence of hardware manufacturing and assembly until instrument deployment and through the end of the mission.
enumeration
ProjectManager
An individual whose major task entails direction of project team members such that the full organization achieves the objectives and goals of the mission. The Project Manager is expected to provide clear guidance and resolve conflicts and issues while maintaining focus on achieving mission success.
enumeration
ProjectScientist
An individual who is an expert in the phenomenon and related physics explored by the project. A project scientist may also have a managerial role within the project.
enumeration
Publisher
An individual, organization, institution or government department responsible for the production and dissemination of a document.
enumeration
Scientist
An individual who is an expert in the phenomenon and related physics represented by the resource.
enumeration
TeamLeader
An individual who is the designated leader of an investigation.
enumeration
TeamMember
An individual who is a major participant in an investigation.
enumeration
TechnicalContact
An individual who can provide specific information with regard to the resource or supporting software.
<xsd:simpleType name="Role"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the assigned or assumed function or position of an individual.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Author"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The composer of a literary work. This can include presentations, articles, books, white papers or any similar published work.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ArchiveSpecialist"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual who is an expert on a collection of resources and may also be knowledgeable of the phenomenon and related physics represented by the resources. This includes librarians, curators, archive scientists and other experts.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CoInvestigator"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual who is a scientific peer and major participant in an investigation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CoPI"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual who is peer of a principal investigator and is an administrative and scientific lead for an investigation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Contributor"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An entity responsible for making contributions to the content of the resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DataProducer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual who generated the resource and is familiar with its provenance.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DeputyPI"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual who is an administrative or scientific leader for an investigation operating under the supervision of a Principal Investigator.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Developer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The developer of a system to imitate a situation or process.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FormerPI"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual who had served as the administrative and scientific lead for an investigation, but no longer assumes that role.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="GeneralContact"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual who can provide information on a range of subjects or who can direct you to a domain expert.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HostContact"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual who can provide specific information with regard the hosting of a resource or supporting software.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="InstrumentLead"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual who is the designated leader of an instrument or instrument package.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="InstrumentScientist"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A scientist associated with a science instrument team with special familiarity and expertise on specific aspects of the design and operations of the instrument and the responsibility of ensuring the measurement capabilities of the instrument.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MetadataContact"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual who can affect a change in the metadata describing a resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MissionManager"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A Mission Manager is a role name used by the ESA. The Mission Manager corresponds to the Project Manager role used by NASA but the Mission Manager role only begins after the launch of the mission.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MissionPrincipalInvestigator"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual who is the administrative and scientific lead for a mission.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PrincipalInvestigator"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual who is the administrative and scientific lead for an investigation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ProgramManager"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual whose major task entails direction of program team members such that the full organization achieves the objectives and goals of a program. The Program Manager is expected to provide clear guidance and resolve conflicts and issues while maintaining focus on achieving program success.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ProgramScientist"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A program scientist is someone who performs a range of scientific program planning duties, takes responsibility for the science content of flight mission programs or projects. A program scientist develops, reviews, and provides recommendations for proposed program requirements, expected results, budgetary estimates and also establishes methods and procedures to reduce program costs, provides expert advice to management on strategic planning and program development, develops and manages research program, and presents issues and proposes solutions to senior management.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ProjectEngineer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An engineer tasked with the full suite of responsibilities as a project undergoes the transition from the requirements derivation and preliminary design phases to controlled hardware development, assembly and environmental testing. The Project Engineer manages a team while developing the cadence of hardware manufacturing and assembly until instrument deployment and through the end of the mission.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ProjectManager"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual whose major task entails direction of project team members such that the full organization achieves the objectives and goals of the mission. The Project Manager is expected to provide clear guidance and resolve conflicts and issues while maintaining focus on achieving mission success.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ProjectScientist"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual who is an expert in the phenomenon and related physics explored by the project. A project scientist may also have a managerial role within the project.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Publisher"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual, organization, institution or government department responsible for the production and dissemination of a document.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Scientist"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual who is an expert in the phenomenon and related physics represented by the resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TeamLeader"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual who is the designated leader of an investigation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TeamMember"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual who is a major participant in an investigation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TechnicalContact"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual who can provide specific information with regard to the resource or supporting software.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="User"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An individual who utilizes a resource or service.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="StartDate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The specification of a starting point in time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:dateTime"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="StopDate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The specification of a stopping point in time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:dateTime"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:InformationURL
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Attributes of the method of acquiring additional information.
<xsd:simpleType name="Name"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A language unit by which a person or thing is known.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:URL
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web. The first part of the address indicates what protocol to use, and the second part specifies the IP address or the domain name where the resource is located followed by the pathname of the resource. A URL is specified in the form protocol://server.domain.name:port/pathname. Example protocols are HTTP or FTP, server domain name is the Internet name.
<xsd:simpleType name="URL"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web. The first part of the address indicates what protocol to use, and the second part specifies the IP address or the domain name where the resource is located followed by the pathname of the resource. A URL is specified in the form protocol://server.domain.name:port/pathname. Example protocols are HTTP or FTP, server domain name is the Internet name.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Language
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The two-character indicator of language selected from the ISO 639-1 codes for the representation of names of languages.
<xsd:simpleType name="Language"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The two-character indicator of language selected from the ISO 639-1 codes for the representation of names of languages.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Association
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Attributes of a relationship a resource has with another resource.
<xsd:complexType name="Association"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Attributes of a relationship a resource has with another resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="AssociationID" type="spase:AssociationID" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="AssociationType" type="spase:AssociationType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Note" type="spase:Note" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:AssociationID
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The resource identifier for a resource with which this resource is closely associated.
<xsd:simpleType name="AssociationID"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The resource identifier for a resource with which this resource is closely associated.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="spase:typeID"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:AssociationType
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for resource associations.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
ChildEventOf
A descendant or caused by another resource.
enumeration
DerivedFrom
A transformed or altered version of a resource instance.
enumeration
ObservedBy
Detected or originating from another resource.
enumeration
Other
Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.
<xsd:simpleType name="AssociationType"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for resource associations.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="ChildEventOf"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A descendant or caused by another resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DerivedFrom"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A transformed or altered version of a resource instance.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ObservedBy"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Detected or originating from another resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Other"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PartOf"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A portion of a larger resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="RevisionOf"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A modified version of a resource instance.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:PriorID
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The resource identifier for a resource that is superseded or replaced by a resource.
<xsd:simpleType name="PriorID"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The resource identifier for a resource that is superseded or replaced by a resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="spase:typeID"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:AccessInformation
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Attributes which specify how to access a resource, its availability, storage format, etc.
<xsd:simpleType name="RepositoryID"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The identifier of a Repository resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="spase:typeID"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Availability
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for indicating the method or service which may be used to access the resource.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Offline
Not directly accessible electronically. This includes resources which may to be moved to an online status in response to a given request.
<xsd:simpleType name="Availability"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for indicating the method or service which may be used to access the resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Offline"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Not directly accessible electronically. This includes resources which may to be moved to an online status in response to a given request.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Online"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Directly accessible electronically.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:AccessRights
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for permissions granted or denied by the host of a product to allow other users to access and use the resource.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Open
Access is granted to everyone.
enumeration
PartiallyRestricted
Some portions of the resource have restricted access, the rest is open access. Typically, this is for accumulating data collections where some data is under review before being publicly released.
enumeration
Restricted
Access to the product is regulated and requires some form of identification.
<xsd:simpleType name="AccessRights"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for permissions granted or denied by the host of a product to allow other users to access and use the resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Open"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Access is granted to everyone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PartiallyRestricted"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Some portions of the resource have restricted access, the rest is open access. Typically, this is for accumulating data collections where some data is under review before being publicly released.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Restricted"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Access to the product is regulated and requires some form of identification.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:AccessURL
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Attributes of the method for accessing a resource including a URL, name and description.
<xsd:complexType name="AccessURL"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Attributes of the method for accessing a resource including a URL, name and description.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Name" type="spase:Name" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="URL" type="spase:URL" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Style" type="spase:Style" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ProductKey" type="spase:ProductKey" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Description" type="spase:Description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Language" type="spase:Language" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:Style
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the manner in which a response from a URL is presented.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
EPNTAP
Europlanet (EPN) Table Access Protocol (TAP) is a framework, which is using TAP with the EPNcore metadata dictionary. The EPNcore metadata dictionary defines the core components that are necessary to perform data discovery in the Solar System related science fields, see https://github.com/ivoa-std/EPNTAP.
enumeration
File
Access to a file containing the data.
enumeration
Git
Git is a version control system for tracking changes in any set of files. It is known for its speed, data integrity, and support for distributed, non-linear workflows.
enumeration
HAPI
A Heliophysics Application Programmer Interface (HAPI) specification compliant access point.
enumeration
Listing
A listing of files either through FTP or HTTP.
enumeration
Search
A web search interface that requires additional input.
enumeration
TAP
The table access protocol (TAP) defines a service protocol for accessing general table data, including astronomical catalogs as well as general database tables. Access is provided for both database and table metadata as well as for actual table data. https://wiki.ivoa.net/twiki/bin/view/IVOA/TableAccess.
enumeration
Template
A URI template that contains special fields as defined in URI Template specification http://tsds.org/uri_templates.
enumeration
Overview
A web page that provides and overview of available data and links.
enumeration
WebService
A Web-based service that uses SOAP, WSDL or UDDI open standards.
<xsd:simpleType name="Style"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the manner in which a response from a URL is presented.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="EPNTAP"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Europlanet (EPN) Table Access Protocol (TAP) is a framework, which is using TAP with the EPNcore metadata dictionary. The EPNcore metadata dictionary defines the core components that are necessary to perform data discovery in the Solar System related science fields, see https://github.com/ivoa-std/EPNTAP.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="File"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Access to a file containing the data.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Git"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Git is a version control system for tracking changes in any set of files. It is known for its speed, data integrity, and support for distributed, non-linear workflows.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HAPI"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A Heliophysics Application Programmer Interface (HAPI) specification compliant access point.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Listing"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A listing of files either through FTP or HTTP.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Search"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A web search interface that requires additional input.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TAP"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The table access protocol (TAP) defines a service protocol for accessing general table data, including astronomical catalogs as well as general database tables. Access is provided for both database and table metadata as well as for actual table data. https://wiki.ivoa.net/twiki/bin/view/IVOA/TableAccess.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Template"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A URI template that contains special fields as defined in URI Template specification http://tsds.org/uri_templates.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Overview"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A web page that provides and overview of available data and links.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="WebService"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A Web-based service that uses SOAP, WSDL or UDDI open standards.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ProductKey
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A string of characters used to uniquely identify a particular product within a Repository. The style or format of the identifier is determined by the Repository. The kinds of resources which can be accessed include, but are not limited to, numerical data, display data, documents and event lists. The method to access the product is determined by the attributes of an access service.
<xsd:simpleType name="ProductKey"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A string of characters used to uniquely identify a particular product within a Repository. The style or format of the identifier is determined by the Repository. The kinds of resources which can be accessed include, but are not limited to, numerical data, display data, documents and event lists. The method to access the product is determined by the attributes of an access service.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Format
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for data organized according to preset specifications.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
AVI
Audio Video Interleave (AVI) a digital format for movies that conforms to the Microsoft Windows Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF).
enumeration
Binary
A direct representation of the bits which may be stored in memory on a computer.
enumeration
CDF
Common Data Format (CDF). A binary storage format developed at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).
enumeration
CEF
Cluster Exchange Format (CEF) is a self-documenting ASCII format designed for the exchange of data. There are two versions of CEF which are not totally compatible.
enumeration
CEF1
Cluster Exchange Format (CEF), version 1, is a self-documenting ASCII format designed for the exchange of data. The metadata contains information compatible with the ISTP recommendations for CDF.
enumeration
CEF2
Cluster Exchange Format (CEF), version 2, is a self-documenting ASCII format designed for the exchange of data and introduced for Cluster Active Archive. Compared to version 1, the metadata description of vectors and tensors is different.
enumeration
CSV
Comma Separated Value - A data exchange format defined by RFC 4180.
enumeration
Excel
A Microsoft spreadsheet format used to hold a variety of data in tables which can include calculations.
enumeration
FITS
Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) is a digital format primarily designed to store scientific data sets consisting of multi-dimensional arrays (1-D spectra, 2-D images or 3-D data cubes) and 2-D tables containing rows and columns of data.
enumeration
GIF
Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) first introduced in 1987 by CompuServe. GIF uses LZW compression and images are limited to 256 colors.
enumeration
Hardcopy
A permanent reproduction, or copy in the form of a physical object, of any media suitable for direct use by a person.
enumeration
Hardcopy.Film
An image recording medium on which usually a negative analog image is registered. A positive analog image can be recovered or reproduced from film, which is usually made of flexible materials for ease of storage and transportation.
enumeration
Hardcopy.Microfiche
A sheet of microfilm on which many pages of material have been photographed. A magnification system is used to read the material.
enumeration
Hardcopy.Microfilm
Film rolls on which materials are photographed at greatly reduced size. A magnification system is used to read the material.
enumeration
Hardcopy.Photograph
An image (positive or negative) registered on a piece of photo-sensitive paper.
enumeration
Hardcopy.PhotographicPlate
A rigid (typically glass) medium that functions like film. Its rigidity is for guarding against image distortion due to medium deformation (caused by heat and humidity). Photographic plates are often used for astronomical photography.
enumeration
Hardcopy.Print
A sheet of any written or printed material which may include notes or graphics. Multiple printed pages may be bound into a manuscript or book.
enumeration
HDF
Hierarchical Data Format.
enumeration
HDF4
Hierarchical Data Format, Version 4.
enumeration
HDF5
Hierarchical Data Format, Version 5.
enumeration
HTML
A text file containing structured information represented in the Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML), see http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/.
enumeration
IDFS
Instrument Data File Set (IDFS) is a set of files written in a prescribed format which contain data, timing data, and metadata. IDFS was developed at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI).
enumeration
IDL
Interactive Data Language (IDL) save set. IDL is a proprietary format.
enumeration
JPEG
A binary format for still images defined by the Joint Photographic Experts Group.
enumeration
JSON
JavaScript Object Notation - A lightweight data-interchange format.
enumeration
MATLAB_4
MATLAB Workspace save set, version 4. MAT-files are double-precision, binary, MATLAB format files. MATLAB is a proprietary product of The MathWorks.
enumeration
MATLAB_6
MATLAB Workspace save set, version 6. MAT-files are double-precision, binary, MATLAB format files. MATLAB is a proprietary product of The MathWorks.
enumeration
MATLAB_7
MATLAB Workspace save set, version 7. MAT-files are double-precision, binary, MATLAB format files. Version 7 includes data compression and Unicode encoding. MATLAB is a proprietary product of The MathWorks.
enumeration
MPEG
A digital format for movies defined by the Motion Picture Experts Group.
enumeration
NCAR
The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) format. A complete description of that standard is given in appendix C of the "Report on Establishment & Operation of the Incoherent-Scatter Data Base", dated 1984-08-23, obtainable from NCAR, P.O. Box 3000 Boulder, Colorado 80307-3000.
enumeration
NetCDF
The Network Common Data Form (NetCDF) supported and maintained by the Unidata Program Center. A self-describing portable data format for array-oriented data access, see http://my.unidata.ucar.edu/content/software/netcdf.
enumeration
PDF
A document expressed in the Portable Document Format (PDF) as defined by Adobe.
enumeration
PDS4
The Planetary Data System, version 4 (PDS4) standard provides guidelines on how a data producer should construct a data set suitable for long-term archiving. The standard contains a number of requirements in terms of dataset structure and documentation that should allow for any PDS compliant data set to be used and understood in the long term. Each PDS4 bundle consists of two files, one containing the data and the other an eXtensible Markup Language (XML) file containing the label. PDS4 recognises four base data structures, array, table, parse-able byte stream and encoded byte stream with arrays and tables most commonly in use. The PDS4 standard is described at: https://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/datastandards/documents/current-version.shtml. The PDS4 archiving standard has been required for data archives from NASA-funded planetary missions and for small data archives since 2011.
enumeration
PDS3
The. Planetary Data System, version 3 (PDS3) standard provides guidelines on how a data producer should construct a data set suitable for long-term archiving. The standard contains a number of requirements in terms of dataset structure and documentation that should allow for any PDS compliant data set to be used and understood in the long term. Each PDS3 data product must be labeled in ASCII with full details on the structure and content of the product. The label can be attached to the data file itself or detached in a separate "label" file with the suffix LBL. The PDS3 standard is described at: https://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/datastandards/pds3/standards/. Since 2011, PDS3 has superseded by the PDS4 archiving standard. However, many data files still exist that are stored by using the PDS3 standard.
enumeration
PNG
A digital format for still images. Portable Network Graphics (PNG).
enumeration
Postscript
A page description programming language created by Adobe Systems Inc. that is a device-independent industry standard for representing text and graphics.
enumeration
QuickTime
A format for digital movies, as defined by Apple Computer, see http://developer.apple.com/quicktime/.
enumeration
RINEX2
Receiver Independent Exchange Format (RINEX) - version 2.*, is a data interchange format for raw satellite navigation system data. https://files.igs.org/pub/data/format/rinex211.txt.
enumeration
RINEX3
Receiver Independent Exchange Format (RINEX) - version 3.*, is a data interchange format for raw satellite navigation system data. https://files.igs.org/pub/data/format/rinex300.pdf.
enumeration
Text
A sequence of characters which may have an imposed structure or organization.
enumeration
Text.ASCII
A sequence of characters that adheres to American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) which is a 7-bit character-coding scheme.
enumeration
Text.Unicode
Text in multi-byte Unicode format.
enumeration
TFCat
Time-Frequency Catalogue (TFCat) is a catalogue model & transfer format for spectro-temporal features. https://gitlab.obspm.fr/maser/catalogues/catalogue-format.
enumeration
TIFF
A binary format for still pictures. Tagged Image Format File (TIFF). Originally developed by Aldus and now controlled by Adobe.
enumeration
UDF
Universal Data Format (UDF). The Optical Technology Storage Association Universal Disk Format, based on ISO 13346, see http://www.osta.org/specs/index.htm.
enumeration
VOTable
A proposed IVOA standard designed as a flexible storage and exchange format for tabular data.
enumeration
XML
eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML). A structured format for representing information, see http://www.w3.org/XML/.
<xsd:simpleType name="Format"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for data organized according to preset specifications.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="AVI"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Audio Video Interleave (AVI) a digital format for movies that conforms to the Microsoft Windows Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Binary"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A direct representation of the bits which may be stored in memory on a computer.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CDF"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Common Data Format (CDF). A binary storage format developed at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CEF"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Cluster Exchange Format (CEF) is a self-documenting ASCII format designed for the exchange of data. There are two versions of CEF which are not totally compatible.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CEF1"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Cluster Exchange Format (CEF), version 1, is a self-documenting ASCII format designed for the exchange of data. The metadata contains information compatible with the ISTP recommendations for CDF.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CEF2"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Cluster Exchange Format (CEF), version 2, is a self-documenting ASCII format designed for the exchange of data and introduced for Cluster Active Archive. Compared to version 1, the metadata description of vectors and tensors is different.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CSV"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Comma Separated Value - A data exchange format defined by RFC 4180.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Excel"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A Microsoft spreadsheet format used to hold a variety of data in tables which can include calculations.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FITS"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) is a digital format primarily designed to store scientific data sets consisting of multi-dimensional arrays (1-D spectra, 2-D images or 3-D data cubes) and 2-D tables containing rows and columns of data.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="GIF"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) first introduced in 1987 by CompuServe. GIF uses LZW compression and images are limited to 256 colors.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Hardcopy"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A permanent reproduction, or copy in the form of a physical object, of any media suitable for direct use by a person.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Hardcopy.Film"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An image recording medium on which usually a negative analog image is registered. A positive analog image can be recovered or reproduced from film, which is usually made of flexible materials for ease of storage and transportation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Hardcopy.Microfiche"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A sheet of microfilm on which many pages of material have been photographed. A magnification system is used to read the material.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Hardcopy.Microfilm"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Film rolls on which materials are photographed at greatly reduced size. A magnification system is used to read the material.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Hardcopy.Photograph"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An image (positive or negative) registered on a piece of photo-sensitive paper.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Hardcopy.PhotographicPlate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A rigid (typically glass) medium that functions like film. Its rigidity is for guarding against image distortion due to medium deformation (caused by heat and humidity). Photographic plates are often used for astronomical photography.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Hardcopy.Print"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A sheet of any written or printed material which may include notes or graphics. Multiple printed pages may be bound into a manuscript or book.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HDF"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Hierarchical Data Format.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HDF4"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Hierarchical Data Format, Version 4.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HDF5"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Hierarchical Data Format, Version 5.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HTML"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A text file containing structured information represented in the Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML), see http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="IDFS"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Instrument Data File Set (IDFS) is a set of files written in a prescribed format which contain data, timing data, and metadata. IDFS was developed at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="IDL"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Interactive Data Language (IDL) save set. IDL is a proprietary format.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="JPEG"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A binary format for still images defined by the Joint Photographic Experts Group.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="JSON"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">JavaScript Object Notation - A lightweight data-interchange format.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MATLAB_4"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">MATLAB Workspace save set, version 4. MAT-files are double-precision, binary, MATLAB format files. MATLAB is a proprietary product of The MathWorks.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MATLAB_6"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">MATLAB Workspace save set, version 6. MAT-files are double-precision, binary, MATLAB format files. MATLAB is a proprietary product of The MathWorks.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MATLAB_7"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">MATLAB Workspace save set, version 7. MAT-files are double-precision, binary, MATLAB format files. Version 7 includes data compression and Unicode encoding. MATLAB is a proprietary product of The MathWorks.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MPEG"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A digital format for movies defined by the Motion Picture Experts Group.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NCAR"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) format. A complete description of that standard is given in appendix C of the "Report on Establishment & Operation of the Incoherent-Scatter Data Base", dated 1984-08-23, obtainable from NCAR, P.O. Box 3000 Boulder, Colorado 80307-3000.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NetCDF"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The Network Common Data Form (NetCDF) supported and maintained by the Unidata Program Center. A self-describing portable data format for array-oriented data access, see http://my.unidata.ucar.edu/content/software/netcdf.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PDF"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A document expressed in the Portable Document Format (PDF) as defined by Adobe.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PDS4"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The Planetary Data System, version 4 (PDS4) standard provides guidelines on how a data producer should construct a data set suitable for long-term archiving. The standard contains a number of requirements in terms of dataset structure and documentation that should allow for any PDS compliant data set to be used and understood in the long term. Each PDS4 bundle consists of two files, one containing the data and the other an eXtensible Markup Language (XML) file containing the label. PDS4 recognises four base data structures, array, table, parse-able byte stream and encoded byte stream with arrays and tables most commonly in use. The PDS4 standard is described at: https://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/datastandards/documents/current-version.shtml. The PDS4 archiving standard has been required for data archives from NASA-funded planetary missions and for small data archives since 2011.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PDS3"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The. Planetary Data System, version 3 (PDS3) standard provides guidelines on how a data producer should construct a data set suitable for long-term archiving. The standard contains a number of requirements in terms of dataset structure and documentation that should allow for any PDS compliant data set to be used and understood in the long term. Each PDS3 data product must be labeled in ASCII with full details on the structure and content of the product. The label can be attached to the data file itself or detached in a separate "label" file with the suffix LBL. The PDS3 standard is described at: https://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/datastandards/pds3/standards/. Since 2011, PDS3 has superseded by the PDS4 archiving standard. However, many data files still exist that are stored by using the PDS3 standard.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PNG"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A digital format for still images. Portable Network Graphics (PNG).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Postscript"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A page description programming language created by Adobe Systems Inc. that is a device-independent industry standard for representing text and graphics.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="QuickTime"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A format for digital movies, as defined by Apple Computer, see http://developer.apple.com/quicktime/.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="RINEX2"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Receiver Independent Exchange Format (RINEX) - version 2.*, is a data interchange format for raw satellite navigation system data. https://files.igs.org/pub/data/format/rinex211.txt.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="RINEX3"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Receiver Independent Exchange Format (RINEX) - version 3.*, is a data interchange format for raw satellite navigation system data. https://files.igs.org/pub/data/format/rinex300.pdf.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Text"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A sequence of characters which may have an imposed structure or organization.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Text.ASCII"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A sequence of characters that adheres to American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) which is a 7-bit character-coding scheme.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Text.Unicode"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Text in multi-byte Unicode format.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TFCat"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Time-Frequency Catalogue (TFCat) is a catalogue model & transfer format for spectro-temporal features. https://gitlab.obspm.fr/maser/catalogues/catalogue-format.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TIFF"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A binary format for still pictures. Tagged Image Format File (TIFF). Originally developed by Aldus and now controlled by Adobe.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="UDF"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Universal Data Format (UDF). The Optical Technology Storage Association Universal Disk Format, based on ISO 13346, see http://www.osta.org/specs/index.htm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="VOTable"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A proposed IVOA standard designed as a flexible storage and exchange format for tabular data.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="XML"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML). A structured format for representing information, see http://www.w3.org/XML/.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Encoding
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for unambiguous rules that establishes the representation of information within a file.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
ASCII
A sequence of characters that adheres to American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) which is a 7-bit character-coding scheme.
enumeration
Base64
A data encoding scheme whereby binary-encoded data is converted to printable ASCII characters. It is defined as a MIME content transfer encoding for use in Internet e-mail. The only characters used are the upper-case and lower-case Roman alphabet characters (A-z), the numerals (0-9), and the "+" and "/" symbols, with the "=" symbol as a special suffix (padding) code.
enumeration
BZIP2
An open standard algorithm by Julian Seward using Burrows-Wheeler block sorting and Huffman coding, see http://www.bzip.org/.
enumeration
GZIP
An open standard algorithm distributed by GHU based on LZ77 and Huffman coding, see http://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/gzip.html or http://www.gzip.org/.
enumeration
None
A lack or absence of anything.
enumeration
S3_BUCKET
A container of objects that comply with the Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) specifications. A bucket has a unique, user-assigned key (name). A bucket can contain any number of objects with an aggregate size of 5 gigabytes. A bucket may be accompanied by up to 2 kilobytes of metadata.
enumeration
TAR
A file format used to collate collections of files into one larger file, for distribution or archiving, while preserving file system information such as user and group permissions, dates, and directory structures. The format was standardized by POSIX.1-1988 and later POSIX.1-2001.
enumeration
Unicode
Text in multi-byte Unicode format.
enumeration
ZIP
An open standard for compression which is a variation of the LZW method and was originally used in the PKZIP utility.
<xsd:simpleType name="Encoding"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for unambiguous rules that establishes the representation of information within a file.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="ASCII"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A sequence of characters that adheres to American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) which is a 7-bit character-coding scheme.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Base64"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A data encoding scheme whereby binary-encoded data is converted to printable ASCII characters. It is defined as a MIME content transfer encoding for use in Internet e-mail. The only characters used are the upper-case and lower-case Roman alphabet characters (A-z), the numerals (0-9), and the "+" and "/" symbols, with the "=" symbol as a special suffix (padding) code.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="BZIP2"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An open standard algorithm by Julian Seward using Burrows-Wheeler block sorting and Huffman coding, see http://www.bzip.org/.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="GZIP"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An open standard algorithm distributed by GHU based on LZ77 and Huffman coding, see http://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/gzip.html or http://www.gzip.org/.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="None"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A lack or absence of anything.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="S3_BUCKET"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A container of objects that comply with the Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) specifications. A bucket has a unique, user-assigned key (name). A bucket can contain any number of objects with an aggregate size of 5 gigabytes. A bucket may be accompanied by up to 2 kilobytes of metadata.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TAR"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A file format used to collate collections of files into one larger file, for distribution or archiving, while preserving file system information such as user and group permissions, dates, and directory structures. The format was standardized by POSIX.1-1988 and later POSIX.1-2001.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Unicode"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Text in multi-byte Unicode format.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ZIP"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An open standard for compression which is a variation of the LZW method and was originally used in the PKZIP utility.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:AccessDirectoryTemplate
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Directory hierarchy templates to store the patterns for the data directory structure, using the URI template specification https://github.com/hapi-server/uri-templates/wiki/Specification. This will enable automated search of files matching a time range. For example, the ACE definitive orbit dataset at NASA SPDF has yearly subdirectories for the data files following the naming pattern $Y. See links for access templates in the Bibliography.
<xsd:simpleType name="AccessDirectoryTemplate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Directory hierarchy templates to store the patterns for the data directory structure, using the URI template specification https://github.com/hapi-server/uri-templates/wiki/Specification. This will enable automated search of files matching a time range. For example, the ACE definitive orbit dataset at NASA SPDF has yearly subdirectories for the data files following the naming pattern $Y. See links for access templates in the Bibliography.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:AccessFilenameTemplate
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Filenaming templates to store the patterns for the data filename structure, using the URI template specification https://github.com/hapi-server/uri-templates/wiki/Specification. This will enable automated search of files matching a time range. For example, the ACE definitive orbit dataset at NASA SPDF has files following the naming pattern "ac_or_def_$Y$m$d_v$v.cdf", where $Y is the year, $m is the month, $d is the day, and $v is the version number. See links for access templates in the Bibliography.
<xsd:simpleType name="AccessFilenameTemplate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Filenaming templates to store the patterns for the data filename structure, using the URI template specification https://github.com/hapi-server/uri-templates/wiki/Specification. This will enable automated search of files matching a time range. For example, the ACE definitive orbit dataset at NASA SPDF has files following the naming pattern "ac_or_def_$Y$m$d_v$v.cdf", where $Y is the year, $m is the month, $d is the day, and $v is the version number. See links for access templates in the Bibliography.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:DataExtent
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The area of storage in a file system required to store the contents of a resource. By default, the data extent is expressed in bytes.
<xsd:complexType name="DataExtent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The area of storage in a file system required to store the contents of a resource. By default, the data extent is expressed in bytes.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Quantity" type="spase:Quantity" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Units" type="spase:Units" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Per" type="spase:Per" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:Quantity
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A value that describes a characteristic of a system.
<xsd:simpleType name="Quantity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A value that describes a characteristic of a system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:double"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Units
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A description of the standardized measurement increments in which a value is specified. The description is represented as a mathematical phrase. Units should be represented by widely accepted representation. For example, units should conform to the International System of Units (SI) which is maintained by BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (see links listed in the Bibliography) when appropriate or use tokens like R<sub>E</sub> to represent units of the Radius of the Earth. Within a phrase the circumflex (^) is used to indicate a power, a star (*) is used to indicate multiplication and a slash (/) division. When symbols are not separated by a mathematical operator, multiplication is assumed.
<xsd:simpleType name="Units"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A description of the standardized measurement increments in which a value is specified. The description is represented as a mathematical phrase. Units should be represented by widely accepted representation. For example, units should conform to the International System of Units (SI) which is maintained by BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (see links listed in the Bibliography) when appropriate or use tokens like R<sub>E</sub> to represent units of the Radius of the Earth. Within a phrase the circumflex (^) is used to indicate a power, a star (*) is used to indicate multiplication and a slash (/) division. When symbols are not separated by a mathematical operator, multiplication is assumed.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Per
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The time interval over which a characterization applies. For example, the number of bytes generated each day.
<xsd:simpleType name="Per"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The time interval over which a characterization applies. For example, the number of bytes generated each day.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:duration"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ProviderName
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The source, or original provider, of the data (for example, PDS PPI).
<xsd:simpleType name="ProviderName"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The source, or original provider, of the data (for example, PDS PPI).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ProviderResourceName
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A short textual description of a resource used by the provider which may be used to identify a resource.
<xsd:simpleType name="ProviderResourceName"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A short textual description of a resource used by the provider which may be used to identify a resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ProviderVersion
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Describes the release or edition of the product used by the provider. The formation rule may vary between providers. It is intended to aid in queries to the provider regarding the product.
<xsd:simpleType name="ProviderVersion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Describes the release or edition of the product used by the provider. The formation rule may vary between providers. It is intended to aid in queries to the provider regarding the product.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="InstrumentID"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The identifier of an Instrument resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="spase:typeID"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:PhenomenonType
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the characteristics or categorization of an observation. Note: Joe King to provide.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
ActiveRegion
A localized, transient volume of the solar atmosphere in which PLAGEs, SUNSPOTS, FACULAe, FLAREs, etc. may be observed.
enumeration
Aurora
A natural electrical phenomenon characterized by the appearance of streamers of reddish or greenish light in the sky, especially near the northern or southern magnetic pole. The effect is caused by the interaction of charged particles from the sun with atoms in the upper atmosphere. In northern and southern regions, it is respectively called aurora borealis or Northern Lights and aurora australis or Southern Lights.
enumeration
BowShockCrossing
A crossing of the boundary between the undisturbed (except for foreshock effects) solar wind and the shocked, decelerated solar wind of the magnetosheath.
enumeration
CoronalHole
An extended region of the corona, exceptionally low in density and associated with unipolar photospheric regions. A coronal hole can be an open magnetic field in the corona and (perhaps) inner heliosphere which has a faster than average solar wind outflow velocity. A region of lower than quiet coronal ion densities and electron densities in the corona or a coronal region with lower peak electron temperature than that found under quiet coronal conditions.
enumeration
CoronalMassEjection
A solar event (CME) that involves a burst of plasma ejected into the interplanetary medium. CMEs may be observed remotely relatively near the Sun or in situ in the interplanetary medium. Note that CMEs are often referred to as Interplanetary CMEs (ICMEs).
enumeration
EITWave
A wave in the corona of the Sun that generates shock waves in the solar chromosphere (Moreton Waves). EIT Waves are produced by large solar flare and expand outward at about 1,000 km/s. It usually appears as a slowly moving diffuse arc of brightening in H-alpha, and may travel for several hundred thousand km.
enumeration
EnergeticSolarParticleEvent
An enhancement of interplanetary fluxes of energetic ions accelerated by interplanetary shocks and/or solar flares.
enumeration
ForbushDecrease
A rapid decrease in the observed galactic cosmic ray intensity following the passage of an outwardly convecting interplanetary magnetic field disturbance, such as those associated with large CMEs, that sweep some galactic cosmic rays away from Earth.
enumeration
GeomagneticStorm
A magnetospheric disturbance typically defined by variations in the horizontal component of the surface magnetic field on the Earth. The variation typically starts with a field enhancement associated with a solar wind pressure pulse and continues with a field depression associated with an enhancement of the diamagnetic magnetospheric ring current.
enumeration
InterplanetaryShock
A shock propagating generally anti-sunward through the slower solar wind, often seen in front of CME-associated plasma clouds.
enumeration
MagneticCloud
A transient event observed in the solar wind characterized as a region of enhanced magnetic field strength, smooth rotation of the magnetic field vector and low proton density and temperature.
enumeration
MagnetopauseCrossing
A crossing of the interface between the shocked solar wind in the magnetosheath and the magnetic field and plasma in the magnetosphere.
enumeration
RadioBurst
Emissions of the Sun in radio wavelengths from centimeters to dekameters, under both quiet and disturbed conditions. Radio Bursts can be Type I consisting of many short, narrow-band bursts in the metric range (80 MHz to 200 MHz). Type II consisting of narrow-band emission that begins in the meter range (150 MHz) and sweeps slowly (tens of minutes) toward dekameter wavelengths (20 MHz). Type III consisting of narrow-band bursts that sweep rapidly (seconds) from decimeter to dekameter wavelengths (500 MHz to 20 MHz) and Type IV consisting of a smooth continuum of broadband bursts primarily in the meter range (10 MHz to 200 MHz).
enumeration
SectorBoundaryCrossing
A sector boundary crossing is a transit by a spacecraft across the heliospheric current sheet separating the dominantly outward (away from the Sun) interplanetary magnetic field of one hemisphere of the heliosphere from the dominantly inward (towards the Sun) polarity of the other hemisphere. Such crossings have multi-day intervals of opposite IMF dominant polarities on either side.
enumeration
SolarFlare
An explosive event in the solar atmosphere which produces electromagnetic radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at multiple wavelengths from long-wave radio to the shortest wavelength gamma rays.
enumeration
SolarWindExtreme
Intervals of unusually large or small values of solar wind attributes such as flow speed and ion density.
enumeration
StreamInteractionRegion
The region where two solar wind streams, typically having differing characteristics and solar sources, abut up against (and possibly partially interpenetrate) each other. The abbreviation SIR is commonly used in place of Stream Interaction Region.
enumeration
Substorm
A process by which plasma in the magnetotail becomes energized at a fast rate.
<xsd:simpleType name="PhenomenonType"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the characteristics or categorization of an observation. Note: Joe King to provide.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="ActiveRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A localized, transient volume of the solar atmosphere in which PLAGEs, SUNSPOTS, FACULAe, FLAREs, etc. may be observed.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Aurora"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A natural electrical phenomenon characterized by the appearance of streamers of reddish or greenish light in the sky, especially near the northern or southern magnetic pole. The effect is caused by the interaction of charged particles from the sun with atoms in the upper atmosphere. In northern and southern regions, it is respectively called aurora borealis or Northern Lights and aurora australis or Southern Lights.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="BowShockCrossing"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A crossing of the boundary between the undisturbed (except for foreshock effects) solar wind and the shocked, decelerated solar wind of the magnetosheath.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CoronalHole"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An extended region of the corona, exceptionally low in density and associated with unipolar photospheric regions. A coronal hole can be an open magnetic field in the corona and (perhaps) inner heliosphere which has a faster than average solar wind outflow velocity. A region of lower than quiet coronal ion densities and electron densities in the corona or a coronal region with lower peak electron temperature than that found under quiet coronal conditions.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CoronalMassEjection"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A solar event (CME) that involves a burst of plasma ejected into the interplanetary medium. CMEs may be observed remotely relatively near the Sun or in situ in the interplanetary medium. Note that CMEs are often referred to as Interplanetary CMEs (ICMEs).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EITWave"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A wave in the corona of the Sun that generates shock waves in the solar chromosphere (Moreton Waves). EIT Waves are produced by large solar flare and expand outward at about 1,000 km/s. It usually appears as a slowly moving diffuse arc of brightening in H-alpha, and may travel for several hundred thousand km.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EnergeticSolarParticleEvent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An enhancement of interplanetary fluxes of energetic ions accelerated by interplanetary shocks and/or solar flares.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ForbushDecrease"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A rapid decrease in the observed galactic cosmic ray intensity following the passage of an outwardly convecting interplanetary magnetic field disturbance, such as those associated with large CMEs, that sweep some galactic cosmic rays away from Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="GeomagneticStorm"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A magnetospheric disturbance typically defined by variations in the horizontal component of the surface magnetic field on the Earth. The variation typically starts with a field enhancement associated with a solar wind pressure pulse and continues with a field depression associated with an enhancement of the diamagnetic magnetospheric ring current.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="InterplanetaryShock"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A shock propagating generally anti-sunward through the slower solar wind, often seen in front of CME-associated plasma clouds.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MagneticCloud"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A transient event observed in the solar wind characterized as a region of enhanced magnetic field strength, smooth rotation of the magnetic field vector and low proton density and temperature.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MagnetopauseCrossing"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A crossing of the interface between the shocked solar wind in the magnetosheath and the magnetic field and plasma in the magnetosphere.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="RadioBurst"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Emissions of the Sun in radio wavelengths from centimeters to dekameters, under both quiet and disturbed conditions. Radio Bursts can be Type I consisting of many short, narrow-band bursts in the metric range (80 MHz to 200 MHz). Type II consisting of narrow-band emission that begins in the meter range (150 MHz) and sweeps slowly (tens of minutes) toward dekameter wavelengths (20 MHz). Type III consisting of narrow-band bursts that sweep rapidly (seconds) from decimeter to dekameter wavelengths (500 MHz to 20 MHz) and Type IV consisting of a smooth continuum of broadband bursts primarily in the meter range (10 MHz to 200 MHz).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SectorBoundaryCrossing"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A sector boundary crossing is a transit by a spacecraft across the heliospheric current sheet separating the dominantly outward (away from the Sun) interplanetary magnetic field of one hemisphere of the heliosphere from the dominantly inward (towards the Sun) polarity of the other hemisphere. Such crossings have multi-day intervals of opposite IMF dominant polarities on either side.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SolarFlare"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An explosive event in the solar atmosphere which produces electromagnetic radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at multiple wavelengths from long-wave radio to the shortest wavelength gamma rays.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SolarWindExtreme"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Intervals of unusually large or small values of solar wind attributes such as flow speed and ion density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="StreamInteractionRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region where two solar wind streams, typically having differing characteristics and solar sources, abut up against (and possibly partially interpenetrate) each other. The abbreviation SIR is commonly used in place of Stream Interaction Region.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Substorm"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A process by which plasma in the magnetotail becomes energized at a fast rate.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="RelativeStopDate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An indication of the nominal end date relative to the present.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:duration"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Caveats
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Information which may be important in the avoidance of the misuse of the resource, for instance instrument maladies, corruption or contamination.
<xsd:simpleType name="Caveats"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Information which may be important in the avoidance of the misuse of the resource, for instance instrument maladies, corruption or contamination.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Keyword
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A word or phrase that is relevant to the resource but does not exist in other documentary information.
<xsd:simpleType name="Keyword"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A word or phrase that is relevant to the resource but does not exist in other documentary information.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:InputResourceID
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The resource identifier for a resource which was used to generate this resource.
<xsd:simpleType name="InputResourceID"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The resource identifier for a resource which was used to generate this resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="spase:typeID"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Parameter
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A container of information regarding a parameter whose values are part of the product. Every product contains or can be related to one or more parameters.
<xsd:simpleType name="Set"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A collection of items for a particular purpose.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ParameterKey
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The name or identifier which can be used to access the parameter in the resource. The associated value is dependent on the service used to access the resource. For columnar ASCII data, use "Column_X" for a single-element parameter and "Column_X-Column_Y" for a multi-element parameter, where X and Y are the relevant column indices. The first column index is 1.
<xsd:simpleType name="ParameterKey"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The name or identifier which can be used to access the parameter in the resource. The associated value is dependent on the service used to access the resource. For columnar ASCII data, use "Column_X" for a single-element parameter and "Column_X-Column_Y" for a multi-element parameter, where X and Y are the relevant column indices. The first column index is 1.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:UCD
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The nature of a physical parameter expressed using the IVOA UCD1+ controlled vocabulary.
<xsd:simpleType name="UCD"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The nature of a physical parameter expressed using the IVOA UCD1+ controlled vocabulary.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Cadence
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The nominal or most common time interval between the start of successive measurements.
<xsd:simpleType name="Cadence"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The nominal or most common time interval between the start of successive measurements.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:duration"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:CadenceMin
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The smallest time interval between the start of successive measurements.
<xsd:simpleType name="CadenceMin"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The smallest time interval between the start of successive measurements.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:duration"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:CadenceMax
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The largest time interval between the start of successive measurements.
<xsd:simpleType name="CadenceMax"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The largest time interval between the start of successive measurements.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:duration"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:UnitsConversion
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The multiplicative factor for converting a unit into International System of Units (SI) units. The factor is expressed in the form "number>x", where "number" is a numerical value and "x" is the appropriate SI units. The basic SI units are Enumerated: m (meter), N (newton), kg (kilogram), Pa (pascal), s (second), Hz (hertz), A (ampere), V (volt), K (kelvin), W (watt), rad (radian), J (joule), sr (steradian), C (coulomb), T (tesla), ohm (ohm), mho (mho or seimens), H (henry), and F (farad). Two useful units which are not SI units are: degree (angle), and unitless (no units). An example is: "1e-9>T" which converts the units of magnetic field data expressed in nT to Tesla. Another example is: "1e+3>m/s" which converts a velocity expressed in kilometers per second to meters per second.
<xsd:simpleType name="UnitsConversion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The multiplicative factor for converting a unit into International System of Units (SI) units. The factor is expressed in the form "number>x", where "number" is a numerical value and "x" is the appropriate SI units. The basic SI units are Enumerated: m (meter), N (newton), kg (kilogram), Pa (pascal), s (second), Hz (hertz), A (ampere), V (volt), K (kelvin), W (watt), rad (radian), J (joule), sr (steradian), C (coulomb), T (tesla), ohm (ohm), mho (mho or seimens), H (henry), and F (farad). Two useful units which are not SI units are: degree (angle), and unitless (no units). An example is: "1e-9>T" which converts the units of magnetic field data expressed in nT to Tesla. Another example is: "1e+3>m/s" which converts a velocity expressed in kilometers per second to meters per second.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:CoordinateSystem
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The specification of the orientation of a set of (typically) orthogonal base axes.
<xsd:complexType name="CoordinateSystem"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The specification of the orientation of a set of (typically) orthogonal base axes.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="CoordinateRepresentation" type="spase:CoordinateRepresentation" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="CoordinateSystemName" type="spase:CoordinateSystemName" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:CoordinateRepresentation
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers of the method or form for specifying a given point or vector in a given coordinate system.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Cartesian
A representation in which a position vector or a measured vector (e.g., field or flow) is specified by its components along the base axes of the coordinate system.
enumeration
Cylindrical
A coordinate representation of a position vector or measured vector (field or flow) by its k-component, the magnitude of its projection into the i-j plane, and the azimuthal angle of the i-j plane projection.
enumeration
Spherical
A coordinate representation of a position vector or of a measured vector by its magnitude and two direction angles. The angles are relative to the base axes of the coordinate system used. Typically, the angles are phi [azimuth angle, =arctan (j/i)] and theta, where theta may be a polar angle, arctan {[sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k}, or an elevation angle, arctan [k/sqrt(i^2+j^2)].
<xsd:simpleType name="CoordinateRepresentation"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers of the method or form for specifying a given point or vector in a given coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Cartesian"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A representation in which a position vector or a measured vector (e.g., field or flow) is specified by its components along the base axes of the coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Cylindrical"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A coordinate representation of a position vector or measured vector (field or flow) by its k-component, the magnitude of its projection into the i-j plane, and the azimuthal angle of the i-j plane projection.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Spherical"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A coordinate representation of a position vector or of a measured vector by its magnitude and two direction angles. The angles are relative to the base axes of the coordinate system used. Typically, the angles are phi [azimuth angle, =arctan (j/i)] and theta, where theta may be a polar angle, arctan {[sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k}, or an elevation angle, arctan [k/sqrt(i^2+j^2)].</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:CoordinateSystemName
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers of the origin and orientation of a set of typically orthogonal axes.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Carrington
A coordinate system which is centered at the Sun and is fixed with respect to the synodic rotation rate. The mean synodic value is about 27.2753 days. The Astronomical Almanac gives a value for Carrington longitude of 349.03 deg at 0000 UT on 1 January 1995.
enumeration
CGM
Corrected Geomagnetic - A coordinate system from a spatial point with GEO radial distance and geomagnetic latitude and longitude, follow the epoch-appropriate IGRF/DGRF model field vector through to the point where the field line crosses the geomagnetic dipole equatorial plane. Then trace the dipole magnetic field vector Earthward from that point on the equatorial plane, in the same hemisphere as the original point, until the initial radial distance is reached. Designate the dipole latitude and longitude at that point as the CGM latitude and longitude of the original point, see http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/cgm/cgmm_des.html.
enumeration
CSO
Corrected Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Earth where x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.
enumeration
DM
Dipole Meridian - A coordinate system centered at the observation point. The z-axis is parallel to the dipole axis of the Earth, positive northward. x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the line linking the observation point with the center of the Earth. The y-axis is positive eastward, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.
enumeration
ECD
Eccentric Dipole (ECD) coordinate system that aligns with a dipole whose origin and orientation may be different from the physical center and spin axis of the containing body. The IGRF-12 coefficients for 2015 are used to determine the origin for the Earth. The 2015 positions are North dip pole: latitude: 86.29, longitude -160.06. South dip pole latitude: -64.28, longitude: 136.59, North geometric pole latitude: 80.37, longitude: -72.63, South geomagnetic pole latitude: -80.37, longitude: 107.37. ECD is defined in doi:10.1186/s40623-015-0228-9.
enumeration
ECEF
The Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed (ECEF) coordinate system has point (0,0,0) defined as the center of mass of the Earth. Its axes are aligned with the International Reference Pole (IRP) and International Reference Meridian (IRM). The x-axis intersects the sphere of the Earth at 0 deg latitude (Equator) and 0 deg longitude (Greenwich). The z-axis points north. The y-axis completes the right-handed coordinate system.
enumeration
ENP
ENP (also called PEN) - The P-axis points northward, perpendicular to orbital plane. For an orbit with zero inclination, the P-axis is parallel to spin axis of the Earth. The E-axis is perpendicular to the P and N directions and points earthward. The N-axis is perpendicular to P and E and is positive eastward.
enumeration
GEI
GEI Geocentric Equatorial Inertial - A coordinate system where the z-axis is along spin axis of the Earth, positive northward. The x-axis points towards the first point of Aries (from the Earth towards the Sun at the vernal equinox), see Russell, 1971. When the x-axis is the direction of the mean vernal equinox of J2000, the coordinate system is also called GCI. Then the z-axis is also defined as being normal to the mean Earth equator of J2000.
enumeration
GEO
Geographic - geocentric corotating - A coordinate system where the z-axis is along spin axis of the Earth, positive northward. The x-axis lies in Greenwich meridian, positive towards Greenwich, see Russell, 1971.
enumeration
GPHIO
Kronian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Saturn where the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.
enumeration
GSE
Geocentric Solar Ecliptic - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun. The z-axis is normal to the ecliptic, positive northward, see Russell, 1971.
enumeration
GSEQ
Geocentric Solar Equatorial - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun. The y-axis is parallel to solar equatorial plane. The z-axis is positive northward, see Russell, 1971.
enumeration
GSM
Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the geomagnetic dipole axis, see Russell, 1971.
enumeration
HAE
Heliocentric Aries Ecliptic - A coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. The x-axis is positive towards the first point of Aries (from Earth to Sun at vernal equinox). Same as SE below, see Hapgood, 1992.
enumeration
HCC
Heliocentric Cartesian - A 3-D orthonormal coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points toward the observer. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis is positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Standard representation for this system is based on (x,y) position of the point of interest expressed either as physical distances or as fractions of the solar disk radius.
enumeration
HCI
Heliographic Carrington Inertial.
enumeration
HCR
Heliocentric Radial - A 3-D orthonormal coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points toward the observer. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis, positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Standard representation for this system is based on distance rho from the z-axis (sqrt(x**2+y**2)) and the phase angle psi measured counterclockwise from the positive y-axis (arctan(-y/x)) of the point of interest.
enumeration
HEE
Heliocentric Earth Ecliptic - A coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. The x-axis points from Sun to Earth, see Hapgood, 1992.
enumeration
HEEQ
Heliocentric Earth Equatorial - A coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the solar equatorial plane, positive northward. The x-axis is generally Earthward in the plane defined by the z-axis and the Sun-Earth direction, see Hapgood, 1992.
enumeration
HERTN
Helio-Ecliptic Radial Tangential Normal coordinate system. Typically centered at a spacecraft. The x-axis (radial) is set as the primary-axis, and is defined as the axis pointing from the spacecraft to the Sun. The z-axis (tangential) is set as the secondary-axis, and is defined as that portion of the ecliptic rotational axis which is perpendicular to the primary-axis. The y-axis (Normal) is defined as Z cross X.
enumeration
HG
Heliographic - A heliocentric rotating coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the solar equatorial plane, positive northward. The x-axis and y-axis rotate with a period of 25.38 days. The zero longitude (x-axis) is defined as the longitude that passed through the ascending node of the solar equator on the ecliptic plane on 1 January, 1854 at 12 UT, see http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.html.
enumeration
HGI
Heliographic Inertial - A heliocentric coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the solar equatorial plane, positive northward. The x-axis is along the intersection line between solar equatorial and ecliptic planes. The x-axis was positive at SE longitude of 74.367 deg on January 1, 1900. (See SE below.) See http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.html.
enumeration
HGRTN
Heliocentric Radial Tangential Normal coordinate system (also known as RTN). Typically centered at a spacecraft. Used for IMF and plasma V vectors. The x-axis (radial) is set as the primary-axis, and is defined as the axis pointing from the spacecraft to the Sun. The z-axis (tangential) is set as the secondary-axis, and is defined as that portion of the solar North rotational axis which is perpendicular to the primary-axis. The y-axis (normal) is defined as Z cross X.
enumeration
HPC
Helioprojective Cartesian=A 3-D orthonormal (left-handed) coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points from the observer to the center of the solar disk. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis, positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Given as the distance between the observer and the center of the solar disk, the standard representation of an (x,y) point on the solar disk is latitude (arctan(y/d)) and longitude (arctan (x/d)) of the point of interest.
enumeration
HPR
Helioprojective Radial - A 3-D orthonormal (left-handed) coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points from the observer to the center of the solar disk. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis, positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Given as the distance between the observer and the center of the solar disk, the standard representation for this system of an (x,y) point on the solar disk is latitude angle theta (arctan(sqrt(x**2+y**2)/d))) or equivalent declination parameter delta (theta-90 deg) and the phase angle psi as measured counterclockwise from the positive y-axis (psi=arctan(-y/x)) of the point of interest.
enumeration
HSM
Heliospheric Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the geomagnetic dipole axis.
enumeration
J2000
An astronomical coordinate system which uses the mean equator and equinox of Julian date 2451545.0 TT (Terrestrial Time), or January 1, 2000, noon TT to define a celestial reference frame.
enumeration
JSM
Jovian Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system related to Jupiter where the x-axis is from Jupiter to Sun, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the Jovian dipole axis.
enumeration
JSO
Jovian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Jupiter where x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.
enumeration
KSM
Kronian Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system related to Saturn where the x-axis is anti-sunward, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the Kronian dipole axis.
enumeration
KSO
Kronian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Saturn where x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.
enumeration
LGM
Local Geomagnetic - A coordinate system used mainly for Earth surface or near-Earth surface magnetic field data. The x-axis northward from observation point in a geographic meridian. The z-axis downward towards center of the Earth. In this system, the total horizontal component, H, is equal to sqrt(Bx^2+By^2) and declination angle, D is equal to arctan(By/Bx).
enumeration
MAG
Geomagnetic - geocentric. The z-axis is parallel to the geomagnetic dipole axis, positive north. The x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the rotation axis of the Earth. If N is a unit vector from the center of the Earth to the north geographic pole, the signs of the y-axis and x-axis are given by the vector cross products N cross z and y cross z, respectively, see Russell, 1971 and http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.
enumeration
MFA
Magnetic Field Aligned - A coordinate system spacecraft-centered system with the z-axis in the direction of the ambient magnetic field vector. The x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the spacecraft-Sun line, positive sunward, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.
enumeration
MSO
Mars/Mercury Solar Orbital A coordinate system related to Mars or Mercury. A coordinate system where, depending on the body (Mars or Mercury), the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.
enumeration
RTN
Radial Tangential Normal. Typically centered at a spacecraft. Used for IMF and plasma V vectors. The x-axis (radial) is set as the primary-axis, and is defined as the axis pointing from the spacecraft to the Sun. The z-axis (tangential) is set as the secondary-axis, and is defined as that portion of the solar North rotational axis which is perpendicular to the primary-axis. The y-axis (normal) is defined as Z cross X.
enumeration
SC
Spacecraft - A coordinate system defined by the spacecraft geometry and/or spin. Often has z-axis parallel to spacecraft spin vector. The x-axis and y-axis may or may not corotate with the spacecraft, see SR and SR2 below.
enumeration
SE
Solar Ecliptic - A heliocentric coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. The x-axis is positive towards the first point of Aries (from Earth to Sun at vernal equinox). Same as HAE above, see http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.htmlr.
enumeration
SM
Solar Magnetic - A geocentric coordinate system where the z-axis is northward along dipole axis of the Earth, x-axis is in plane of z-axis and Earth-Sun line, positive sunward, see Russell, 1971.
enumeration
SpacecraftOrbitPlane
A coordinate system where x-axis lies in the plane normal to and in the direction of motion of the spacecraft, the z-axis is normal to this plane and the y-axis completes the triad to form a right-handed coordinate system.
enumeration
SR
Spin Reference - A special case of a Spacecraft (SC) coordinate system for a spinning spacecraft. The z-axis is parallel to the spacecraft spin vector. The x-axis and y-axis rotate with the spacecraft, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.
enumeration
SR2
Spin Reference 2 - A special case of a Spacecraft (SC) coordinate system for a spinning spacecraft. The z-axis is parallel to the spacecraft spin vector while the x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the spacecraft-Sun line, positive sunward, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.
enumeration
SSE
Spacecraft Solar Ecliptic - A coordinate system used for deep space spacecraft, i.e., consider the Helios spacecraft with the x-axis from spacecraft to Sun, the z-axis normal to ecliptic plane positive northward. Note that the angle between the normal to ecliptic plane and the normal to the Helios orbital plane is ~0.25 deg.
enumeration
SSE_L
Selenocentric Solar Ecliptic - The x-axis points from the center of the Moon to the Sun, the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. And the y-axis completes the right-handed set of axes.
enumeration
TIIS
Kronian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Saturn where the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.
enumeration
VSO
Venus Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Venus where the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis point along the orbital velocity direction.
enumeration
WGS84
The World Geodetic System (WGS) defines a reference frame for the Earth, for use in geodesy and navigation. The WGS84 uses the zero meridian as defined by the Bureau International de lHeure.
<xsd:simpleType name="CoordinateSystemName"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers of the origin and orientation of a set of typically orthogonal axes.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Carrington"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A coordinate system which is centered at the Sun and is fixed with respect to the synodic rotation rate. The mean synodic value is about 27.2753 days. The Astronomical Almanac gives a value for Carrington longitude of 349.03 deg at 0000 UT on 1 January 1995.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CGM"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Corrected Geomagnetic - A coordinate system from a spatial point with GEO radial distance and geomagnetic latitude and longitude, follow the epoch-appropriate IGRF/DGRF model field vector through to the point where the field line crosses the geomagnetic dipole equatorial plane. Then trace the dipole magnetic field vector Earthward from that point on the equatorial plane, in the same hemisphere as the original point, until the initial radial distance is reached. Designate the dipole latitude and longitude at that point as the CGM latitude and longitude of the original point, see http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/cgm/cgmm_des.html.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CSO"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Corrected Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Earth where x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DM"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Dipole Meridian - A coordinate system centered at the observation point. The z-axis is parallel to the dipole axis of the Earth, positive northward. x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the line linking the observation point with the center of the Earth. The y-axis is positive eastward, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ECD"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Eccentric Dipole (ECD) coordinate system that aligns with a dipole whose origin and orientation may be different from the physical center and spin axis of the containing body. The IGRF-12 coefficients for 2015 are used to determine the origin for the Earth. The 2015 positions are North dip pole: latitude: 86.29, longitude -160.06. South dip pole latitude: -64.28, longitude: 136.59, North geometric pole latitude: 80.37, longitude: -72.63, South geomagnetic pole latitude: -80.37, longitude: 107.37. ECD is defined in doi:10.1186/s40623-015-0228-9.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ECEF"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed (ECEF) coordinate system has point (0,0,0) defined as the center of mass of the Earth. Its axes are aligned with the International Reference Pole (IRP) and International Reference Meridian (IRM). The x-axis intersects the sphere of the Earth at 0 deg latitude (Equator) and 0 deg longitude (Greenwich). The z-axis points north. The y-axis completes the right-handed coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ENP"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">ENP (also called PEN) - The P-axis points northward, perpendicular to orbital plane. For an orbit with zero inclination, the P-axis is parallel to spin axis of the Earth. The E-axis is perpendicular to the P and N directions and points earthward. The N-axis is perpendicular to P and E and is positive eastward.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="GEI"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">GEI Geocentric Equatorial Inertial - A coordinate system where the z-axis is along spin axis of the Earth, positive northward. The x-axis points towards the first point of Aries (from the Earth towards the Sun at the vernal equinox), see Russell, 1971. When the x-axis is the direction of the mean vernal equinox of J2000, the coordinate system is also called GCI. Then the z-axis is also defined as being normal to the mean Earth equator of J2000.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="GEO"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Geographic - geocentric corotating - A coordinate system where the z-axis is along spin axis of the Earth, positive northward. The x-axis lies in Greenwich meridian, positive towards Greenwich, see Russell, 1971.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="GPHIO"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Kronian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Saturn where the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="GSE"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Geocentric Solar Ecliptic - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun. The z-axis is normal to the ecliptic, positive northward, see Russell, 1971.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="GSEQ"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Geocentric Solar Equatorial - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun. The y-axis is parallel to solar equatorial plane. The z-axis is positive northward, see Russell, 1971.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="GSM"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the geomagnetic dipole axis, see Russell, 1971.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HAE"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Heliocentric Aries Ecliptic - A coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. The x-axis is positive towards the first point of Aries (from Earth to Sun at vernal equinox). Same as SE below, see Hapgood, 1992.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HCC"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Heliocentric Cartesian - A 3-D orthonormal coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points toward the observer. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis is positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Standard representation for this system is based on (x,y) position of the point of interest expressed either as physical distances or as fractions of the solar disk radius.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HCI"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Heliographic Carrington Inertial.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HCR"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Heliocentric Radial - A 3-D orthonormal coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points toward the observer. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis, positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Standard representation for this system is based on distance rho from the z-axis (sqrt(x**2+y**2)) and the phase angle psi measured counterclockwise from the positive y-axis (arctan(-y/x)) of the point of interest.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HEE"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Heliocentric Earth Ecliptic - A coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. The x-axis points from Sun to Earth, see Hapgood, 1992.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HEEQ"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Heliocentric Earth Equatorial - A coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the solar equatorial plane, positive northward. The x-axis is generally Earthward in the plane defined by the z-axis and the Sun-Earth direction, see Hapgood, 1992.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HERTN"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Helio-Ecliptic Radial Tangential Normal coordinate system. Typically centered at a spacecraft. The x-axis (radial) is set as the primary-axis, and is defined as the axis pointing from the spacecraft to the Sun. The z-axis (tangential) is set as the secondary-axis, and is defined as that portion of the ecliptic rotational axis which is perpendicular to the primary-axis. The y-axis (Normal) is defined as Z cross X.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HG"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Heliographic - A heliocentric rotating coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the solar equatorial plane, positive northward. The x-axis and y-axis rotate with a period of 25.38 days. The zero longitude (x-axis) is defined as the longitude that passed through the ascending node of the solar equator on the ecliptic plane on 1 January, 1854 at 12 UT, see http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.html.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HGI"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Heliographic Inertial - A heliocentric coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the solar equatorial plane, positive northward. The x-axis is along the intersection line between solar equatorial and ecliptic planes. The x-axis was positive at SE longitude of 74.367 deg on January 1, 1900. (See SE below.) See http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.html.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HGRTN"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Heliocentric Radial Tangential Normal coordinate system (also known as RTN). Typically centered at a spacecraft. Used for IMF and plasma V vectors. The x-axis (radial) is set as the primary-axis, and is defined as the axis pointing from the spacecraft to the Sun. The z-axis (tangential) is set as the secondary-axis, and is defined as that portion of the solar North rotational axis which is perpendicular to the primary-axis. The y-axis (normal) is defined as Z cross X.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HPC"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Helioprojective Cartesian=A 3-D orthonormal (left-handed) coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points from the observer to the center of the solar disk. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis, positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Given as the distance between the observer and the center of the solar disk, the standard representation of an (x,y) point on the solar disk is latitude (arctan(y/d)) and longitude (arctan (x/d)) of the point of interest.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HPR"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Helioprojective Radial - A 3-D orthonormal (left-handed) coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points from the observer to the center of the solar disk. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis, positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Given as the distance between the observer and the center of the solar disk, the standard representation for this system of an (x,y) point on the solar disk is latitude angle theta (arctan(sqrt(x**2+y**2)/d))) or equivalent declination parameter delta (theta-90 deg) and the phase angle psi as measured counterclockwise from the positive y-axis (psi=arctan(-y/x)) of the point of interest.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HSM"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Heliospheric Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the geomagnetic dipole axis.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="J2000"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An astronomical coordinate system which uses the mean equator and equinox of Julian date 2451545.0 TT (Terrestrial Time), or January 1, 2000, noon TT to define a celestial reference frame.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="JSM"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Jovian Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system related to Jupiter where the x-axis is from Jupiter to Sun, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the Jovian dipole axis.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="JSO"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Jovian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Jupiter where x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="KSM"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Kronian Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system related to Saturn where the x-axis is anti-sunward, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the Kronian dipole axis.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="KSO"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Kronian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Saturn where x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="LGM"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Local Geomagnetic - A coordinate system used mainly for Earth surface or near-Earth surface magnetic field data. The x-axis northward from observation point in a geographic meridian. The z-axis downward towards center of the Earth. In this system, the total horizontal component, H, is equal to sqrt(Bx^2+By^2) and declination angle, D is equal to arctan(By/Bx).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MAG"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Geomagnetic - geocentric. The z-axis is parallel to the geomagnetic dipole axis, positive north. The x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the rotation axis of the Earth. If N is a unit vector from the center of the Earth to the north geographic pole, the signs of the y-axis and x-axis are given by the vector cross products N cross z and y cross z, respectively, see Russell, 1971 and http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MFA"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Magnetic Field Aligned - A coordinate system spacecraft-centered system with the z-axis in the direction of the ambient magnetic field vector. The x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the spacecraft-Sun line, positive sunward, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MSO"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Mars/Mercury Solar Orbital A coordinate system related to Mars or Mercury. A coordinate system where, depending on the body (Mars or Mercury), the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="RTN"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Radial Tangential Normal. Typically centered at a spacecraft. Used for IMF and plasma V vectors. The x-axis (radial) is set as the primary-axis, and is defined as the axis pointing from the spacecraft to the Sun. The z-axis (tangential) is set as the secondary-axis, and is defined as that portion of the solar North rotational axis which is perpendicular to the primary-axis. The y-axis (normal) is defined as Z cross X.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SC"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Spacecraft - A coordinate system defined by the spacecraft geometry and/or spin. Often has z-axis parallel to spacecraft spin vector. The x-axis and y-axis may or may not corotate with the spacecraft, see SR and SR2 below.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SE"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Solar Ecliptic - A heliocentric coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. The x-axis is positive towards the first point of Aries (from Earth to Sun at vernal equinox). Same as HAE above, see http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.htmlr.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SM"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Solar Magnetic - A geocentric coordinate system where the z-axis is northward along dipole axis of the Earth, x-axis is in plane of z-axis and Earth-Sun line, positive sunward, see Russell, 1971.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SpacecraftOrbitPlane"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A coordinate system where x-axis lies in the plane normal to and in the direction of motion of the spacecraft, the z-axis is normal to this plane and the y-axis completes the triad to form a right-handed coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SR"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Spin Reference - A special case of a Spacecraft (SC) coordinate system for a spinning spacecraft. The z-axis is parallel to the spacecraft spin vector. The x-axis and y-axis rotate with the spacecraft, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SR2"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Spin Reference 2 - A special case of a Spacecraft (SC) coordinate system for a spinning spacecraft. The z-axis is parallel to the spacecraft spin vector while the x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the spacecraft-Sun line, positive sunward, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SSE"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Spacecraft Solar Ecliptic - A coordinate system used for deep space spacecraft, i.e., consider the Helios spacecraft with the x-axis from spacecraft to Sun, the z-axis normal to ecliptic plane positive northward. Note that the angle between the normal to ecliptic plane and the normal to the Helios orbital plane is ~0.25 deg.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SSE_L"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Selenocentric Solar Ecliptic - The x-axis points from the center of the Moon to the Sun, the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. And the y-axis completes the right-handed set of axes.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TIIS"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Kronian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Saturn where the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="VSO"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Venus Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Venus where the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis point along the orbital velocity direction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="WGS84"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The World Geodetic System (WGS) defines a reference frame for the Earth, for use in geodesy and navigation. The WGS84 uses the zero meridian as defined by the Bureau International de l'Heure.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:complexType name="RenderingHints"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Attributes to aid in the rendering of parameter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="DisplayType" type="spase:DisplayType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="AxisLabel" type="spase:AxisLabel" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="RenderingAxis" type="spase:RenderingAxis" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Index" type="spase:Index" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ValueFormat" type="spase:ValueFormat" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ScaleMin" type="spase:ScaleMin" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ScaleMax" type="spase:ScaleMax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ScaleType" type="spase:ScaleType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:DisplayType
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for types or classes of rendered data.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Image
A 2-D representation of data with values at each element of the array related to an intensity or a color.
enumeration
Plasmagram
The characterization of signal strengths in active sounding measurements as a function of virtual range or signal delay time and sounding frequency. A Plasmagram is also referred to as an Ionogram.
enumeration
Spectrogram
The characterization of signal strengths as a function of frequency (or energy) and time.
enumeration
StackPlot
A representation of data showing multiple sets of observations on a single plot, possibly offsetting each plot by some uniform amount.
enumeration
TimeSeries
A representation of data showing a set of observations taken at different points in time and charted as a time series.
enumeration
WaveForm
Spatial or temporal variations of wave amplitude over wave period time scales.
<xsd:simpleType name="DisplayType"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for types or classes of rendered data.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Image"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A 2-D representation of data with values at each element of the array related to an intensity or a color.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Plasmagram"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The characterization of signal strengths in active sounding measurements as a function of virtual range or signal delay time and sounding frequency. A Plasmagram is also referred to as an Ionogram.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Spectrogram"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The characterization of signal strengths as a function of frequency (or energy) and time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="StackPlot"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A representation of data showing multiple sets of observations on a single plot, possibly offsetting each plot by some uniform amount.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TimeSeries"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A representation of data showing a set of observations taken at different points in time and charted as a time series.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="WaveForm"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Spatial or temporal variations of wave amplitude over wave period time scales.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:AxisLabel
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A short character string (approximately 10 characters, but preferably 6 characters, more only if absolutely required for clarity) which can be used to label a y-axis for a plot or to provide a heading for a data listing.
<xsd:simpleType name="AxisLabel"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A short character string (approximately 10 characters, but preferably 6 characters, more only if absolutely required for clarity) which can be used to label a y-axis for a plot or to provide a heading for a data listing.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:RenderingAxis
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the reference component of a plot or rendering of data.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
ColorBar
A spectrum or set of colors used to represent data values.
enumeration
Horizontal
Parallel to or in the plane of the horizon or a base line.
enumeration
Vertical
Perpendicular to the plane of the horizon or a base line.
<xsd:simpleType name="RenderingAxis"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the reference component of a plot or rendering of data.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="ColorBar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum or set of colors used to represent data values.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Horizontal"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Parallel to or in the plane of the horizon or a base line.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Vertical"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Perpendicular to the plane of the horizon or a base line.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Index
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The location of an item in an array or vector. An index can be multivalued to represent the location in a multi-dimensional object. The index of the first item is "1". A value of "0" is a wild card for all elements at the location in an array. A value of "-1" is a reference to the dimension at the location in the array. A "-1" is used when describing the attributes of the dimension, whereas "0" or a positive integer is used to describe attributes of individual elements.
<xsd:simpleType name="Index"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The location of an item in an array or vector. An index can be multivalued to represent the location in a multi-dimensional object. The index of the first item is "1". A value of "0" is a wild card for all elements at the location in an array. A value of "-1" is a reference to the dimension at the location in the array. A "-1" is used when describing the attributes of the dimension, whereas "0" or a positive integer is used to describe attributes of individual elements.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="spase:typeSequence"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:typeSequence
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
<xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A list of whole number values where the order of the values is fixed. A space separates each value. For example, "1 2 3".</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation>
<xsd:simpleType name="typeSequence"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A list of whole number values where the order of the values is fixed. A space separates each value. For example, "1 2 3".</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:list itemType="xsd:integer"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ValueFormat
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A string defining the output format used when extracting data values out to a file or screen. The magnitude and the number of significant figures needed should be carefully considered. The output format string can be in either Fortran or C syntax.
<xsd:simpleType name="ValueFormat"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A string defining the output format used when extracting data values out to a file or screen. The magnitude and the number of significant figures needed should be carefully considered. The output format string can be in either Fortran or C syntax.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ScaleMin
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The minimum value that the variable is expected to attain. Used, for example, by automated plotting software.
<xsd:simpleType name="ScaleMin"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The minimum value that the variable is expected to attain. Used, for example, by automated plotting software.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:double"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ScaleMax
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The maximum value that the variable is expected to attain. Used, for example, by automated plotting software.
<xsd:simpleType name="ScaleMax"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The maximum value that the variable is expected to attain. Used, for example, by automated plotting software.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:double"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ScaleType
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for scaling applied to a set of numbers.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
LinearScale
Intervals which are equally spaced.
enumeration
LogScale
Intervals which are spaced proportionally to the logarithms of the values being represented.
<xsd:simpleType name="ScaleType"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for scaling applied to a set of numbers.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="LinearScale"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Intervals which are equally spaced.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="LogScale"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Intervals which are spaced proportionally to the logarithms of the values being represented.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Structure
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The organization and relationship of individual values within a quantity.
<xsd:complexType name="Structure"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The organization and relationship of individual values within a quantity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Size" type="spase:Size" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Description" type="spase:Description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Element" type="spase:Element" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:Size
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The number of elements in each dimension of a multi-dimensional array. A scalar has a size of 1. A multi-dimensional vector will have a size for each dimension. Note that the number of elements in the size of an N-dimensional array conveys array dimensionality while the product of those numbers conveys the total number of elements in the array. When size is used to describe a tensor, it is the number of elements in the tensor. As such it has a limited set of values. A tensor of rank 1 has a size of 3, rank 2 a size of 9, rank 3 a size of 27 and rank n a size of 3^n.
<xsd:simpleType name="Size"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of elements in each dimension of a multi-dimensional array. A scalar has a size of 1. A multi-dimensional vector will have a size for each dimension. Note that the number of elements in the size of an N-dimensional array conveys array dimensionality while the product of those numbers conveys the total number of elements in the array. When size is used to describe a tensor, it is the number of elements in the tensor. As such it has a limited set of values. A tensor of rank 1 has a size of 3, rank 2 a size of 9, rank 3 a size of 27 and rank n a size of 3^n.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="spase:typeSequence"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Element
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A component or individual unit of a multiple value quantity such as an array or vector.
<xsd:complexType name="Element"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A component or individual unit of a multiple value quantity such as an array or vector.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Name" type="spase:Name" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Qualifier" type="spase:Qualifier" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Index" type="spase:Index" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ParameterKey" type="spase:ParameterKey" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Units" type="spase:Units" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="UnitsConversion" type="spase:UnitsConversion" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ValidMin" type="spase:ValidMin" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ValidMax" type="spase:ValidMax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="FillValue" type="spase:FillValue" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="RenderingHints" type="spase:RenderingHints" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:Qualifier
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for terms which refine the type or attribute of a quantity.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Incident
Direction-dependent property.
enumeration
Anisotropy
Direction-dependent property.
enumeration
Array
A sequence of values corresponding to the elements in a rectilinear, n-dimension matrix. Each value can be referenced by a unique index.
enumeration
AutoSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the auto correlation function for physical or empirical observations, which describes the general dependence of the time series data values at one instant on the time series data values at another instant.
enumeration
Average
The statistical mean equal to the sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set.
enumeration
Characteristic
A quantity which can be easily identified and measured in a given environment.
enumeration
Circular
Relative to polarization, right-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating clockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. Left-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating counterclockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. The polarization of magnetohydrodynamic waves is specified with respect to the ambient mean magnetic field. Right-handed polarized waves have a transverse electric field component which turns in a right-handed sense (that of the gyrating electrons) around the magnetic field.
enumeration
Coherence
The coherence between two signals x(t) and y(t), C<sub>xy</sub>, is a real-valued function. The square of the coherence is defined by using: Cxy^2=|Gxy(f)|^2/Gxx(f)Gyy(f) where Gxy(f) is equal to the cross-spectral density between two time series denoted as x and y, respectively, and Gxx(f) and Gyy(f) are equal to the auto-spectral densities of the same two time series. Values of Cxy^2 always lie in the range between zero and one, 0<=Cxy^2<=1, in accordance with the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.
enumeration
Column
A 2-D measure of a quantity. The column is the area over which the quantity is measured.
enumeration
Component
Projection of a vector along one of the base axes of a coordinate system.
enumeration
Component.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
enumeration
Component.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
enumeration
Component.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
enumeration
Confidence
An expression of how certain that a quantity is valid or accurate.
enumeration
Core
The central or main part of an object or calculated distribution. For example, the part of a distribution of particles at low energies that is a thermal (Maxwellian) population.
enumeration
CrossSpectrum
The Fourier transform of the cross correlation of two physical or empirical observations.
enumeration
Deviation
The difference between an observed value and the expected value of a quantity.
enumeration
Differential
A measurement within a narrow range of energy and/or solid angle.
enumeration
Direction
The spatial relation between an object and another object, the orientation of the object or the course along which the object points or moves.
enumeration
Directional
A measurement within a narrow range of solid angle.
enumeration
DirectionAngle
The angle between a position vector or measured vector (or one of its projections onto a plane) and one of the base axes of the coordinate system.
enumeration
DirectionAngle.AzimuthAngle
The angle between the projection into the I-J plane of a position or measured vector and the I-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(J/I). This term could be also applied to angles measured in different planes, i.e., the IMF clock angle defined as arctan(|By|/Bz).
enumeration
DirectionAngle.ElevationAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the I-J plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(K/sqrt(I^2+J^2)).
enumeration
DirectionAngle.PolarAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k). This term could be also applied to angles between the vector and other components, for example the IMF cone angle defined as arccos(B<sub>x</sub>/B<sub>t</sub>).
enumeration
DirectionCosine
The cosine of the angle between two vectors usually between a vector and one of the basis axes defining a Cartesian coordinate system. Three angles and thus three direction cosines are required to define a vector direction in a 3-D Euclidean space.
enumeration
DirectionCosine.I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
enumeration
DirectionCosine.J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
enumeration
DirectionCosine.K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
enumeration
EncodedParameter
A variable that uses successive bits to encode, this is bitwise encode, a set of conditions by using a composited multi-bit numeric value. A common example is a bitwise encoded flag that denotes whether various possible errors that may affect a particular measurement. For example, a bit value equal to zero may indicate the absence of a particular error condition while a value equal to one would indicate the possibility that the associated datum should be ignored or used with caution due to the same error categorization.
enumeration
FieldAligned
The component of a quantity which is oriented in the same direction of a field.
enumeration
Fit
Values that make a model agree with the data.
enumeration
Group
An assemblage of values that a certain relation or common characteristic.
enumeration
Halo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution. For example, the particles above the core energies that show enhancements above the thermal population. Typically, a "power law tail" shows a break from the core Maxwellian at a particular energy.
enumeration
ImaginaryPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z=a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient b is called the imaginary part of the complex number z.
enumeration
Integral
A flux measurement in a broad range of energy and solid angle.
enumeration
Integral.Area
Integration over the extent of a planar region, or of the surface of a solid.
enumeration
Integral.Bandwidth
Integration over the width a frequency band.
enumeration
Integral.SolidAngle
Integration over the angle in 3-D space that an object subtends at a point.
enumeration
Linear
Polarization where the E-field vector is confined to a given plane.
enumeration
LineOfSight
The line of sight is the line that connects the observer with the observed object. This expression is often used with measurements of Doppler velocity and magnetic field in magnetograms, where only the component of the vector field directed along the line of sight is measured.
enumeration
Magnitude
A measure of the strength of a vector quantity or length of its representational vector.
enumeration
Maximum
The largest value of a batch or sample or the upper bound of a probability distribution.
enumeration
Median
The measure of central tendency of a set of n values computed by ordering the values and taking the value at position (n+1)/2 when n is odd or the arithmetic mean of the values at positions n/2 and (n/2)+1 when n is even.
enumeration
Minimum
The smallest value of a batch or sample or the lower bound of a probability distribution.
enumeration
Moment
Parameters determined by integration over a distribution function convolved with a power of velocity.
enumeration
Parallel
Having the same direction as a given direction.
enumeration
Peak
The maximum value for the quantity in question, over a period of time which is usually equal to the cadence.
enumeration
Perpendicular
At right angles to a given direction.
enumeration
Perturbation
Variations in the state of a system.
enumeration
Phase
A point or portion in a recurring series of changes.
enumeration
PhaseAngle
Phase difference between two or more waves, normally expressed in degrees.
enumeration
PowerSpectralDensity
The Power Spectral Density, PSD, is the measure of signal power content versus frequency, energy, wave number, etc. A PSD is typically used to characterize broadband random signals. The amplitude of the PSD is normalized by the spectral resolution employed to digitize the signal.
enumeration
Projection
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector as projected into a plane of the coordinate system.
enumeration
Projection.IJ
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-J (typically X-Y) plane of the coordinate system.
enumeration
Projection.IK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-K (typically X-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
enumeration
Projection.JK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the J-K (typically Y-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
enumeration
Pseudo
Similar to or having the appearance of something else. Can be used to indicate an estimation or approximation of a particular quantity.
enumeration
Ratio
The relative magnitudes of two quantities.
enumeration
RealPart
Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z= a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient a is called the real part of the complex number z.
enumeration
Scalar
A quantity that is completely specified by its magnitude and has no direction.
enumeration
Spectral
Characterized as a range or continuum of frequencies.
enumeration
StandardDeviation
The square root of the average of the squares of deviations about the mean of a set of data. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of spread or variability.
enumeration
StokesParameters
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.
enumeration
Strahl
A distribution of particles concentrated in a narrow energy band. The band may be may be aligned with a secondary feature. For example, it may occur in a narrow cone aligned with the mean magnetic field direction.
enumeration
Superhalo
The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution evident in a second break in the distribution function (e.g., a different power law). It consists of a population with energies higher than that of coexisting halo population.
enumeration
Symmetric
Equal distribution about one or more axes.
enumeration
Tensor
A generalized linear quantity or geometrical entity that can be expressed as a multi-dimensional array relative to a choice of basis of the particular space on which it is defined.
enumeration
Total
The summation of quantities over all possible species.
enumeration
Trace
The sum of the elements on the main diagonal (the diagonal from the upper left to the lower right) of a square matrix.
enumeration
Uncertainty
A statistically defined discrepancy between a measured quantity and the true value of that quantity that cannot be corrected by calculation or calibration.
enumeration
Variance
A measure of dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. The expectation value of the squared deviations from the mean.
enumeration
Vector
A set of parameter values each along some independent variable (e.g., components of a field in three orthogonal spatial directions, atmospheric temperature values at several altitudes, or at a given latitude and longitude).
<xsd:simpleType name="Qualifier"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for terms which refine the type or attribute of a quantity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Incident"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Direction-dependent property.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Anisotropy"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Direction-dependent property.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Array"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A sequence of values corresponding to the elements in a rectilinear, n-dimension matrix. Each value can be referenced by a unique index.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AutoSpectrum"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The Fourier transform of the auto correlation function for physical or empirical observations, which describes the general dependence of the time series data values at one instant on the time series data values at another instant.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Average"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The statistical mean equal to the sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Characteristic"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A quantity which can be easily identified and measured in a given environment.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Circular"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Relative to polarization, right-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating clockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. Left-handed circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating counterclockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. The polarization of magnetohydrodynamic waves is specified with respect to the ambient mean magnetic field. Right-handed polarized waves have a transverse electric field component which turns in a right-handed sense (that of the gyrating electrons) around the magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Coherence"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The coherence between two signals x(t) and y(t), C<sub>xy</sub>, is a real-valued function. The square of the coherence is defined by using: Cxy^2=|Gxy(f)|^2/Gxx(f)Gyy(f) where Gxy(f) is equal to the cross-spectral density between two time series denoted as x and y, respectively, and Gxx(f) and Gyy(f) are equal to the auto-spectral densities of the same two time series. Values of Cxy^2 always lie in the range between zero and one, 0<=Cxy^2<=1, in accordance with the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Column"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A 2-D measure of a quantity. The column is the area over which the quantity is measured.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Component"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Projection of a vector along one of the base axes of a coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Component.I"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Component.J"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Component.K"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Confidence"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An expression of how certain that a quantity is valid or accurate.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Core"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The central or main part of an object or calculated distribution. For example, the part of a distribution of particles at low energies that is a thermal (Maxwellian) population.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CrossSpectrum"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The Fourier transform of the cross correlation of two physical or empirical observations.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Deviation"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The difference between an observed value and the expected value of a quantity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Differential"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measurement within a narrow range of energy and/or solid angle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Direction"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The spatial relation between an object and another object, the orientation of the object or the course along which the object points or moves.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Directional"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measurement within a narrow range of solid angle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DirectionAngle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The angle between a position vector or measured vector (or one of its projections onto a plane) and one of the base axes of the coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DirectionAngle.AzimuthAngle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The angle between the projection into the I-J plane of a position or measured vector and the I-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(J/I). This term could be also applied to angles measured in different planes, i.e., the IMF clock angle defined as arctan(|By|/Bz).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DirectionAngle.ElevationAngle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The angle between the position or measured vector and the I-J plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(K/sqrt(I^2+J^2)).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DirectionAngle.PolarAngle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k). This term could be also applied to angles between the vector and other components, for example the IMF cone angle defined as arccos(B<sub>x</sub>/B<sub>t</sub>).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DirectionCosine"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The cosine of the angle between two vectors usually between a vector and one of the basis axes defining a Cartesian coordinate system. Three angles and thus three direction cosines are required to define a vector direction in a 3-D Euclidean space.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DirectionCosine.I"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DirectionCosine.J"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DirectionCosine.K"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EncodedParameter"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A variable that uses successive bits to encode, this is bitwise encode, a set of conditions by using a composited multi-bit numeric value. A common example is a bitwise encoded flag that denotes whether various possible errors that may affect a particular measurement. For example, a bit value equal to zero may indicate the absence of a particular error condition while a value equal to one would indicate the possibility that the associated datum should be ignored or used with caution due to the same error categorization.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FieldAligned"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The component of a quantity which is oriented in the same direction of a field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Fit"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Values that make a model agree with the data.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Group"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An assemblage of values that a certain relation or common characteristic.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Halo"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution. For example, the particles above the core energies that show enhancements above the thermal population. Typically, a "power law tail" shows a break from the core Maxwellian at a particular energy.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ImaginaryPart"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z=a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient b is called the imaginary part of the complex number z.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Integral"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A flux measurement in a broad range of energy and solid angle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Integral.Area"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Integration over the extent of a planar region, or of the surface of a solid.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Integral.Bandwidth"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Integration over the width a frequency band.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Integral.SolidAngle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Integration over the angle in 3-D space that an object subtends at a point.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Linear"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Polarization where the E-field vector is confined to a given plane.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="LineOfSight"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The line of sight is the line that connects the observer with the observed object. This expression is often used with measurements of Doppler velocity and magnetic field in magnetograms, where only the component of the vector field directed along the line of sight is measured.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnitude"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the strength of a vector quantity or length of its representational vector.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Maximum"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The largest value of a batch or sample or the upper bound of a probability distribution.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Median"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The measure of central tendency of a set of n values computed by ordering the values and taking the value at position (n+1)/2 when n is odd or the arithmetic mean of the values at positions n/2 and (n/2)+1 when n is even.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Minimum"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The smallest value of a batch or sample or the lower bound of a probability distribution.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Moment"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Parameters determined by integration over a distribution function convolved with a power of velocity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Parallel"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Having the same direction as a given direction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Peak"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The maximum value for the quantity in question, over a period of time which is usually equal to the cadence.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Perpendicular"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">At right angles to a given direction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Perturbation"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Variations in the state of a system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Phase"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A point or portion in a recurring series of changes.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PhaseAngle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Phase difference between two or more waves, normally expressed in degrees.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PowerSpectralDensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The Power Spectral Density, PSD, is the measure of signal power content versus frequency, energy, wave number, etc. A PSD is typically used to characterize broadband random signals. The amplitude of the PSD is normalized by the spectral resolution employed to digitize the signal.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Projection"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the length of a position or measured vector as projected into a plane of the coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Projection.IJ"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-J (typically X-Y) plane of the coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Projection.IK"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-K (typically X-Z) plane of the coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Projection.JK"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the J-K (typically Y-Z) plane of the coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Pseudo"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Similar to or having the appearance of something else. Can be used to indicate an estimation or approximation of a particular quantity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Ratio"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The relative magnitudes of two quantities.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="RealPart"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Any number z can in general be represented by its complex form with z= a+ib where i, which is defined as the square root of -1, signifies the imaginary component of the number z. The coefficient a is called the real part of the complex number z.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Scalar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A quantity that is completely specified by its magnitude and has no direction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Spectral"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Characterized as a range or continuum of frequencies.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="StandardDeviation"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The square root of the average of the squares of deviations about the mean of a set of data. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of spread or variability.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="StokesParameters"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Strahl"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A distribution of particles concentrated in a narrow energy band. The band may be may be aligned with a secondary feature. For example, it may occur in a narrow cone aligned with the mean magnetic field direction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Superhalo"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The part of an object or distribution surrounding some central body or distribution evident in a second break in the distribution function (e.g., a different power law). It consists of a population with energies higher than that of coexisting halo population.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Symmetric"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Equal distribution about one or more axes.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Tensor"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A generalized linear quantity or geometrical entity that can be expressed as a multi-dimensional array relative to a choice of basis of the particular space on which it is defined.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Total"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The summation of quantities over all possible species.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Trace"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The sum of the elements on the main diagonal (the diagonal from the upper left to the lower right) of a square matrix.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uncertainty"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A statistically defined discrepancy between a measured quantity and the true value of that quantity that cannot be corrected by calculation or calibration.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Variance"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. The expectation value of the squared deviations from the mean.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Vector"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of parameter values each along some independent variable (e.g., components of a field in three orthogonal spatial directions, atmospheric temperature values at several altitudes, or at a given latitude and longitude).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="FillValue"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A value that indicates that a quantity is undefined.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Field
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic attributes can exert force on another similar body that is not in direct contact.
<xsd:complexType name="Field"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic attributes can exert force on another similar body that is not in direct contact.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Qualifier" type="spase:Qualifier" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="FieldQuantity" type="spase:FieldQuantity" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="FrequencyRange" type="spase:FrequencyRange" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:FieldQuantity
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the physical attribute of the field.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Current
It is the scalar quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit time flowing across a given surface.
enumeration
CurrentDensity
It is the vector quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit cross-sectional area per unit time flowing through a given point. Measurements of current density are often provided in terms of the magnetic perturbations (superposed upon a background magnetic field, if present) associated with the current density.
enumeration
Electric
The physical attribute that exerts an electrical force.
enumeration
Electromagnetic
Electric and magnetic field variations in time and space that propagate through a medium or a vacuum. The wave propagation direction, electric field vector, and magnetic field vector form an orthogonal triad. Waves in this category are detected by having their field quantities measured.
enumeration
Gyrofrequency
The number of gyrations around a magnetic guiding center (field line) a charged particle makes per unit time due to the Lorentz force.
enumeration
Magnetic
The physical attribute attributed to a magnet or its equivalent.
enumeration
PlasmaFrequency
A number density dependent characteristic frequency of a plasma.
enumeration
Potential
The work required per unit charge to move a charge from a reference point to a point at infinity (electric potential is defined to be zero). The electric potential of a spacecraft is often referred to as the spacecraft potential. The spacecraft potential is the electric potential of the spacecraft relative to the potential of the nearby plasma. The spacecraft potential is non-zero because the spacecraft charges to the level that the emitted photoelectron flux going to infinity is balanced by the plasma electron flux to the spacecraft.
enumeration
PoyntingFlux
Electromagnetic energy flux transported by a wave characterized as the rate of energy transport per unit area per steradian.
<xsd:simpleType name="FieldQuantity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the physical attribute of the field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Current"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">It is the scalar quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit time flowing across a given surface.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CurrentDensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">It is the vector quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit cross-sectional area per unit time flowing through a given point. Measurements of current density are often provided in terms of the magnetic perturbations (superposed upon a background magnetic field, if present) associated with the current density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Electric"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The physical attribute that exerts an electrical force.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Electromagnetic"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Electric and magnetic field variations in time and space that propagate through a medium or a vacuum. The wave propagation direction, electric field vector, and magnetic field vector form an orthogonal triad. Waves in this category are detected by having their field quantities measured.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Gyrofrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of gyrations around a magnetic guiding center (field line) a charged particle makes per unit time due to the Lorentz force.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetic"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The physical attribute attributed to a magnet or its equivalent.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PlasmaFrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A number density dependent characteristic frequency of a plasma.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Potential"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The work required per unit charge to move a charge from a reference point to a point at infinity (electric potential is defined to be zero). The electric potential of a spacecraft is often referred to as the spacecraft potential. The spacecraft potential is the electric potential of the spacecraft relative to the potential of the nearby plasma. The spacecraft potential is non-zero because the spacecraft charges to the level that the emitted photoelectron flux going to infinity is balanced by the plasma electron flux to the spacecraft.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PoyntingFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Electromagnetic energy flux transported by a wave characterized as the rate of energy transport per unit area per steradian.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:FrequencyRange
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The range of possible values for the observed frequency.
<xsd:complexType name="FrequencyRange"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The range of possible values for the observed frequency.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="SpectralRange" type="spase:SpectralRange" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Low" type="spase:Low" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="High" type="spase:High" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Units" type="spase:Units" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Bin" type="spase:Bin" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:SpectralRange
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for names associated with wavelengths. Based on the ISO 21348 Solar Irradiance Standard. Additions have been made to extend the frequency ranges to include those used in space physics. Those additions are indicated in blue text. The "Total Solar Irradiance" category has not been included since it is a type of measurement and not a specific spectral range. See Appendix A: Comparison of Spectrum Domains for a comparison of the spectral ranges with other systems.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
CaK
A spectrum with a wavelength of range centered near 393.5 nm. VSO nickname: Ca-K image with range of 391.9 nm to 395.2 nm.
enumeration
ExtremeUltraviolet
A spectrum with a wavelength range of 10 nm to 125 nm. VSO nickname: EUV image with a range of 10 nm to 125 nm.
enumeration
FarUltraviolet
A spectrum with a wavelength range of 122 nm to 200 nm. VSO nickname: FUV image with a range of 122 nm to 200 nm.
enumeration
GammaRays
Photons with a wavelength range: 0.00001 nm to 0.001 nm.
enumeration
Halpha
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 656.3 nm. VSO nickname: H-alpha image with a spectrum range of 655.8 nm to 656.8 nm.
enumeration
HardXRays
Photons with a wavelength range: 0.001 nm to 0.1 nm and an energy range of 12 keV to 120 keV.
enumeration
He10830
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 1082.9 nm. VSO nickname: an He 10830 image with a range of 1082.5 nm to 1083.3 nm.
enumeration
He304
A spectrum centered around the resonance line of ionized helium at 304 Angstrom (30.4 nm).
enumeration
Infrared
Photons with a wavelength range: 760 nm to 10^6 nm.
enumeration
K7699
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 769.9 nm. VSO nickname: K-7699 dopplergram with a range of 769.8 nm to 770.0 nm.
enumeration
LBHBand
Lyman-Birge-Hopfield band in the far ultraviolet range with wavelength range of 140 nm to 170 nm.
enumeration
Microwave
Photons with a wavelength range: 10^6 nm to 1.5*10^7 nm.
enumeration
NaD
A spectrum with a wavelength range of centered at 589.3 nm. VSO nickname: Na-D image with a range of 588.8 nm to 589.8 nm.
enumeration
Ni6768
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 676.8 nm. VSO nickname: Ni-6768 dopplergram with a range of 676.7 nm to 676.9 nm.
enumeration
Optical
Photons with a wavelength range: 380 nm to 760 nm.
enumeration
RadioFrequency
Photons with a wavelength range: 10^5 nm to 10^11 nm.
enumeration
SoftXRays
X-Rays with an energy range of 0.12 keV to 12 keV.
enumeration
Ultraviolet
Photons with a wavelength range: 10 nm to 400 nm.
enumeration
WhiteLight
Photons with a wavelength in the visible range for humans.
enumeration
XRays
Photons with a wavelength range: 0.001 nm to 10 nm.
<xsd:simpleType name="SpectralRange"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for names associated with wavelengths. Based on the ISO 21348 Solar Irradiance Standard. Additions have been made to extend the frequency ranges to include those used in space physics. Those additions are indicated in blue text. The "Total Solar Irradiance" category has not been included since it is a type of measurement and not a specific spectral range. See Appendix A: Comparison of Spectrum Domains for a comparison of the spectral ranges with other systems.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="CaK"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum with a wavelength of range centered near 393.5 nm. VSO nickname: Ca-K image with range of 391.9 nm to 395.2 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ExtremeUltraviolet"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum with a wavelength range of 10 nm to 125 nm. VSO nickname: EUV image with a range of 10 nm to 125 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FarUltraviolet"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum with a wavelength range of 122 nm to 200 nm. VSO nickname: FUV image with a range of 122 nm to 200 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="GammaRays"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Photons with a wavelength range: 0.00001 nm to 0.001 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Halpha"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 656.3 nm. VSO nickname: H-alpha image with a spectrum range of 655.8 nm to 656.8 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HardXRays"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Photons with a wavelength range: 0.001 nm to 0.1 nm and an energy range of 12 keV to 120 keV.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="He10830"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 1082.9 nm. VSO nickname: an He 10830 image with a range of 1082.5 nm to 1083.3 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="He304"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum centered around the resonance line of ionized helium at 304 Angstrom (30.4 nm).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Infrared"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Photons with a wavelength range: 760 nm to 10^6 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="K7699"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 769.9 nm. VSO nickname: K-7699 dopplergram with a range of 769.8 nm to 770.0 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="LBHBand"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Lyman-Birge-Hopfield band in the far ultraviolet range with wavelength range of 140 nm to 170 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Microwave"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Photons with a wavelength range: 10^6 nm to 1.5*10^7 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NaD"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum with a wavelength range of centered at 589.3 nm. VSO nickname: Na-D image with a range of 588.8 nm to 589.8 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Ni6768"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 676.8 nm. VSO nickname: Ni-6768 dopplergram with a range of 676.7 nm to 676.9 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Optical"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Photons with a wavelength range: 380 nm to 760 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="RadioFrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Photons with a wavelength range: 10^5 nm to 10^11 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SoftXRays"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">X-Rays with an energy range of 0.12 keV to 12 keV.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Ultraviolet"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Photons with a wavelength range: 10 nm to 400 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="WhiteLight"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Photons with a wavelength in the visible range for humans.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="XRays"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Photons with a wavelength range: 0.001 nm to 10 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Low
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The smallest value within a range of possible values.
<xsd:simpleType name="Low"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The smallest value within a range of possible values.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:double"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:High
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The largest value within a range of possible values.
<xsd:simpleType name="High"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The largest value within a range of possible values.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:double"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Bin
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A grouping of observations according to a band or window of a common attribute.
<xsd:complexType name="Bin"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A grouping of observations according to a band or window of a common attribute.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="BandName" type="spase:BandName" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Low" type="spase:Low" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="High" type="spase:High" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:BandName
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A common or provider assigned name for a range of values.
<xsd:simpleType name="BandName"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A common or provider assigned name for a range of values.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Particle
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A description of the types of particles observed in the measurement. This includes both direct observations and inferred observations.
<xsd:complexType name="Particle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A description of the types of particles observed in the measurement. This includes both direct observations and inferred observations.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="ParticleType" type="spase:ParticleType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Qualifier" type="spase:Qualifier" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="ParticleQuantity" type="spase:ParticleQuantity" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="AtomicNumber" type="spase:AtomicNumber" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="EnergyRange" type="spase:EnergyRange" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="AzimuthalAngleRange" type="spase:AzimuthalAngleRange" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="PolarAngleRange" type="spase:PolarAngleRange" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="MassRange" type="spase:MassRange" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="PitchAngleRange" type="spase:PitchAngleRange" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ChemicalFormula" type="spase:ChemicalFormula" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Population" type="spase:Population" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="PopulationMassNumber" type="spase:PopulationMassNumber" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="PopulationChargeState" type="spase:PopulationChargeState" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:ParticleType
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the characterization of the kind of particle observed by the measurement.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Aerosol
A suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in a gas.
enumeration
AlphaParticle
A positively charged nuclear particle that consists of two protons and two neutrons.
enumeration
Atom
Matter consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons which has no net charge.
enumeration
Dust
Free microscopic particles of solid material.
enumeration
Electron
An elementary particle that has a negative charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 9.10938*10^-31 kg.
enumeration
Ion
An atom that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons (Note: Z>2).
enumeration
Molecule
A group of atoms so united and combined by chemical affinity that they form a complete, integrated whole, being the smallest portion of any particular compound that can exist in a free state.
enumeration
Neutron
An elementary particle with neutral charge that is a constituent of atomic nuclei. Neutrons have a rest mass slightly large than that of a proton equal to about 1.67493*10^-24 kg.
enumeration
Proton
An elementary particle that is a constituent of all atomic nuclei. Protons have a positive charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 1.67262*10^-27 kg.
enumeration
Positron
An elementary particle that has a positive charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 9.10938*10^-31 kg.
<xsd:simpleType name="ParticleType"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the characterization of the kind of particle observed by the measurement.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Aerosol"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in a gas.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AlphaParticle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A positively charged nuclear particle that consists of two protons and two neutrons.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Atom"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Matter consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons which has no net charge.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Dust"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Free microscopic particles of solid material.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Electron"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An elementary particle that has a negative charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 9.10938*10^-31 kg.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Ion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An atom that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons (Note: Z>2).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Molecule"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A group of atoms so united and combined by chemical affinity that they form a complete, integrated whole, being the smallest portion of any particular compound that can exist in a free state.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neutron"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An elementary particle with neutral charge that is a constituent of atomic nuclei. Neutrons have a rest mass slightly large than that of a proton equal to about 1.67493*10^-24 kg.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Proton"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An elementary particle that is a constituent of all atomic nuclei. Protons have a positive charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 1.67262*10^-27 kg.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Positron"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An elementary particle that has a positive charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 9.10938*10^-31 kg.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ParticleQuantity
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the characterization of the physical properties of the particle.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
AdiabaticInvariant
A property of a physical system usually related to periodic phenomena that remains constant under slowly varying conditions.
enumeration
AdiabaticInvariant.MagneticMoment
A constant of motion related to the gyromotion of a particle in a magnetic field that is either static or slowly varying with respect to the gyroperiod. The magnetic moment is usually denoted by using the lower-case Greek letter for mu, μ, and can be calculated by using μ=m(u^2/2B) where m is the particle mass, u is the velocity of the particle perpendicular to the constant or average magnetic field direction, and B is the magnitude of the magnetic field strength.
enumeration
AdiabaticInvariant.BounceMotion
The second adiabatic invariant is associated with periodic bounce motion of charged particles trapped between two magnetic mirrors on a magnetic field line. The second invariant, termed J, is defined by using the integral J=m ∫ v||*ds where m is the mass of the charged particle, v|| is the particle velocity along the field line, and ds represents elemental arc lengths along the field line. The second adiabatic invariant is conserved as long as changes in the background magnetic field occur at time scales much longer than the bounce time of the charged particles.
enumeration
AdiabaticInvariant.DriftMotion
The third invariant for charged particle motion in a dipolar magnetic field is associated with drift of its guiding center in the equatorial plane. The conserved quantity, J<sub>2</sub>, is equal to qφ where q is the particle charge and φ is the magnetic flux enclosed within the particle drift path.
enumeration
ArrivalDirection
An angular measure of the direction from which an energetic particle or photon was incident on a detector. The angles may be measured in any coordinate system.
enumeration
AtomicNumberDetected
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom as determined by a detector.
enumeration
AverageChargeState
A measure of the composite deficit (positive) or excess (negative) of electrons with respect to protons.
enumeration
ChargeFlux
The number of ionized particles passing through a unit area per unit time, for instance as measured by a Faraday cup.
enumeration
ChargeState
Charge of a fully or partially stripped ion, in units of the charge of a proton. Charge state of a bare proton is equal to one.
enumeration
CountRate
The number of events per unit time.
enumeration
Counts
The number of detection events occurring in a detector over the detector accumulation time.
enumeration
Current
It is the scalar quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit time flowing across a given surface.
enumeration
CurrentDensity
It is the vector quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit cross-sectional area per unit time flowing through a given point. Measurements of current density are often provided in terms of the magnetic perturbations (superposed upon a background magnetic field, if present) associated with the current density.
enumeration
DynamicPressure
Dynamic pressure is a measure of the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid. For instance, the solar wind dynamic pressure or ram pressure for a purely proton plasma is equal to m<sub>p</sub> n V<sup>2</sup> where m<sub>p</sub> is the proton mass, n is the proton number density, and V is the solar wind speed.
enumeration
Energy
The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic energy).
enumeration
Entropy
A function of thermodynamic quantity, such as temperature, pressure, or composition, that is a measure of the energy that is not available for work during a thermodynamic process. It is often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.
enumeration
EnergyDensity
The amount of energy per unit volume.
enumeration
EnergyFlux
The amount of energy passing through a unit area in a unit time.
enumeration
EnergyPerCharge
The kinetic energy, E, per unit net charge, q, that is E/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.
enumeration
FlowSpeed
The rate at which particles or energy is passing through a unit area in a unit time.
enumeration
FlowVelocity
The volume of matter passing through a unit area perpendicular to the direction of flow in a unit of time.
enumeration
Fluence
The time integral of a flux. A fluence is a not a measurement of flux per unit time.
enumeration
GeometricFactor
A measure of the gathering power of a particle detector. The geometric factor can be used to correct particle measurements by accounting for the fact that only a fraction of the source particles is able to gain entry through the aperture of a detector. For an isotopic source distribution, the geometric factor corresponds to the solid angle subtended by the aperture. In practice, determination of the geometric factor requires numerical modeling and depends on detector design and the characteristics of the source.
enumeration
Gyrofrequency
The number of gyrations around a magnetic guiding center (field line) a charged particle makes per unit time due to the Lorentz force.
enumeration
HeatFlux
Flow of thermal energy through a gas or plasma typically computed as third moment of a distribution function.
enumeration
LShell
The L-shell is the magnetic equatorial radius (in units of planetary radii) of a dipole magnetic field line. For instance, if the L-shell value equals 6 say at Earth, the magnetic field lines cross the magnetic equator at six Earth radii. The L-shell concept can be applied generally to any magnetized planet or satellite with a dominant dipolar magnetic field moment.
enumeration
Mass
The measure of inertia (mass) of individual objects (e.g., aerosols).
enumeration
MassDensity
The mass of particles per unit volume.
enumeration
MassNumber
The total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus.
enumeration
MassPerCharge
The mass, m, per unit net charge, q, that is m/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.
enumeration
NumberDensity
The number of particles per unit volume.
enumeration
NumberFlux
The number of particles passing a unit area in unit time, possibly also per unit energy (or equivalent) and/or per unit look direction.
enumeration
ParticleRadius
The mean radius for a Gaussian distribution of particles with an axial ratio of 2 and a distribution width that varies as 0.5 radius. A value of zero means no cloud was detected.
enumeration
ParticleRigidity
The particle momentum per unit charge. The particle Rigidity, R, is equal to pc/Ze.
enumeration
PhaseSpaceDensity
The number of particles per unit volume in the six-dimensional space of position and velocity.
enumeration
PlasmaFrequency
A number density dependent characteristic frequency of a plasma.
enumeration
Pressure
The force per unit area exerted by a particle distribution or field.
enumeration
SonicMachNumber
The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the speed of sound in the medium.
enumeration
SoundSpeed
The speed at which sound travels through a medium.
enumeration
Temperature
A measure of the kinetic energy of random motion with respect to the average. Temperature is properly defined only for an equilibrium particle distribution (Maxwellian distribution).
enumeration
ThermalSpeed
For a Maxwellian distribution, the difference between the mean speed and the speed within 69% (one sigma) of all the members of the speed distribution occur.
enumeration
Velocity
Rate of change of position. Also used for the average velocity of a collection of particles, also referred to as bulk velocity.
<xsd:simpleType name="ParticleQuantity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the characterization of the physical properties of the particle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="AdiabaticInvariant"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A property of a physical system usually related to periodic phenomena that remains constant under slowly varying conditions.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AdiabaticInvariant.MagneticMoment"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A constant of motion related to the gyromotion of a particle in a magnetic field that is either static or slowly varying with respect to the gyroperiod. The magnetic moment is usually denoted by using the lower-case Greek letter for mu, μ, and can be calculated by using μ=m(u^2/2B) where m is the particle mass, u is the velocity of the particle perpendicular to the constant or average magnetic field direction, and B is the magnitude of the magnetic field strength.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AdiabaticInvariant.BounceMotion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The second adiabatic invariant is associated with periodic bounce motion of charged particles trapped between two magnetic mirrors on a magnetic field line. The second invariant, termed J, is defined by using the integral J=m ∫ v||*ds where m is the mass of the charged particle, v|| is the particle velocity along the field line, and ds represents elemental arc lengths along the field line. The second adiabatic invariant is conserved as long as changes in the background magnetic field occur at time scales much longer than the bounce time of the charged particles.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AdiabaticInvariant.DriftMotion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The third invariant for charged particle motion in a dipolar magnetic field is associated with drift of its guiding center in the equatorial plane. The conserved quantity, J<sub>2</sub>, is equal to qφ where q is the particle charge and φ is the magnetic flux enclosed within the particle drift path.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ArrivalDirection"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An angular measure of the direction from which an energetic particle or photon was incident on a detector. The angles may be measured in any coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AtomicNumberDetected"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom as determined by a detector.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AverageChargeState"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the composite deficit (positive) or excess (negative) of electrons with respect to protons.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ChargeFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of ionized particles passing through a unit area per unit time, for instance as measured by a Faraday cup.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ChargeState"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Charge of a fully or partially stripped ion, in units of the charge of a proton. Charge state of a bare proton is equal to one.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CountRate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of events per unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Counts"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of detection events occurring in a detector over the detector accumulation time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Current"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">It is the scalar quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit time flowing across a given surface.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CurrentDensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">It is the vector quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit cross-sectional area per unit time flowing through a given point. Measurements of current density are often provided in terms of the magnetic perturbations (superposed upon a background magnetic field, if present) associated with the current density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DynamicPressure"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Dynamic pressure is a measure of the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid. For instance, the solar wind dynamic pressure or ram pressure for a purely proton plasma is equal to m<sub>p</sub> n V<sup>2</sup> where m<sub>p</sub> is the proton mass, n is the proton number density, and V is the solar wind speed.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Energy"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic energy).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Entropy"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A function of thermodynamic quantity, such as temperature, pressure, or composition, that is a measure of the energy that is not available for work during a thermodynamic process. It is often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EnergyDensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The amount of energy per unit volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EnergyFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The amount of energy passing through a unit area in a unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EnergyPerCharge"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The kinetic energy, E, per unit net charge, q, that is E/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FlowSpeed"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The rate at which particles or energy is passing through a unit area in a unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FlowVelocity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The volume of matter passing through a unit area perpendicular to the direction of flow in a unit of time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Fluence"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The time integral of a flux. A fluence is a not a measurement of flux per unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="GeometricFactor"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the gathering power of a particle detector. The geometric factor can be used to correct particle measurements by accounting for the fact that only a fraction of the source particles is able to gain entry through the aperture of a detector. For an isotopic source distribution, the geometric factor corresponds to the solid angle subtended by the aperture. In practice, determination of the geometric factor requires numerical modeling and depends on detector design and the characteristics of the source.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Gyrofrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of gyrations around a magnetic guiding center (field line) a charged particle makes per unit time due to the Lorentz force.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HeatFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Flow of thermal energy through a gas or plasma typically computed as third moment of a distribution function.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="LShell"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The L-shell is the magnetic equatorial radius (in units of planetary radii) of a dipole magnetic field line. For instance, if the L-shell value equals 6 say at Earth, the magnetic field lines cross the magnetic equator at six Earth radii. The L-shell concept can be applied generally to any magnetized planet or satellite with a dominant dipolar magnetic field moment.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mass"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The measure of inertia (mass) of individual objects (e.g., aerosols).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MassDensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The mass of particles per unit volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MassNumber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MassPerCharge"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The mass, m, per unit net charge, q, that is m/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NumberDensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of particles per unit volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NumberFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of particles passing a unit area in unit time, possibly also per unit energy (or equivalent) and/or per unit look direction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ParticleRadius"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The mean radius for a Gaussian distribution of particles with an axial ratio of 2 and a distribution width that varies as 0.5 radius. A value of zero means no cloud was detected.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ParticleRigidity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The particle momentum per unit charge. The particle Rigidity, R, is equal to pc/Ze.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PhaseSpaceDensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of particles per unit volume in the six-dimensional space of position and velocity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PlasmaFrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A number density dependent characteristic frequency of a plasma.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Pressure"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The force per unit area exerted by a particle distribution or field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SonicMachNumber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the speed of sound in the medium.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SoundSpeed"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The speed at which sound travels through a medium.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Temperature"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the kinetic energy of random motion with respect to the average. Temperature is properly defined only for an equilibrium particle distribution (Maxwellian distribution).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ThermalSpeed"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">For a Maxwellian distribution, the difference between the mean speed and the speed within 69% (one sigma) of all the members of the speed distribution occur.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Velocity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Rate of change of position. Also used for the average velocity of a collection of particles, also referred to as bulk velocity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="AtomicNumber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:double"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:EnergyRange
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The minimum and maximum energy values of the particles represented by a given physical parameter description.
<xsd:complexType name="EnergyRange"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The minimum and maximum energy values of the particles represented by a given physical parameter description.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Low" type="spase:Low" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="High" type="spase:High" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Units" type="spase:Units" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Bin" type="spase:Bin" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Complex Type spase:AzimuthalAngleRange
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The range of possible azimuthal angles for a group of energy observations. Default units are degrees.
<xsd:complexType name="AzimuthalAngleRange"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The range of possible azimuthal angles for a group of energy observations. Default units are degrees.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Low" type="spase:Low" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="High" type="spase:High" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Units" type="spase:Units" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Bin" type="spase:Bin" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Complex Type spase:PolarAngleRange
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The range of possible polar angles for a group of energy observations. Defaults units are degrees.
<xsd:complexType name="PolarAngleRange"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The range of possible polar angles for a group of energy observations. Defaults units are degrees.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Low" type="spase:Low" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="High" type="spase:High" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Units" type="spase:Units" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Bin" type="spase:Bin" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Complex Type spase:MassRange
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The range of possible mass for a group of particle observations.
<xsd:complexType name="MassRange"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The range of possible mass for a group of particle observations.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Low" type="spase:Low" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="High" type="spase:High" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Units" type="spase:Units" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Bin" type="spase:Bin" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Complex Type spase:PitchAngleRange
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The range of possible pitch angles for a group of particle observations.
<xsd:complexType name="PitchAngleRange"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The range of possible pitch angles for a group of particle observations.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Low" type="spase:Low" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="High" type="spase:High" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Units" type="spase:Units" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Bin" type="spase:Bin" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:ChemicalFormula
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Chemical formula representing a population of particle.
<xsd:simpleType name="ChemicalFormula"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Chemical formula representing a population of particle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Population
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A concise description of a particle population, for references.
<xsd:simpleType name="Population"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A concise description of a particle population, for references.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:PopulationMassNumber
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus.
<xsd:simpleType name="PopulationMassNumber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:PopulationChargeState
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Charge of a particle in a population, in units of the charge of a proton. Charge state of a bare proton is equal to one.
<xsd:simpleType name="PopulationChargeState"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Charge of a particle in a population, in units of the charge of a proton. Charge state of a bare proton is equal to one.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:double"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Wave
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Periodic or quasi-periodic (AC) variations of physical quantities in time and space, capable of propagating or being trapped within particular regimes.
<xsd:complexType name="Wave"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Periodic or quasi-periodic (AC) variations of physical quantities in time and space, capable of propagating or being trapped within particular regimes.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="WaveType" type="spase:WaveType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Qualifier" type="spase:Qualifier" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="WaveQuantity" type="spase:WaveQuantity" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="EnergyRange" type="spase:EnergyRange" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="FrequencyRange" type="spase:FrequencyRange" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="WavelengthRange" type="spase:WavelengthRange" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:WaveType
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the carrier or phenomenum of wave information observed by the measurement.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Electromagnetic
Electric and magnetic field variations in time and space that propagate through a medium or a vacuum. The wave propagation direction, electric field vector, and magnetic field vector form an orthogonal triad. Waves in this category are detected by having their field quantities measured.
enumeration
Electrostatic
Collective longitudinal electric-field and plasma oscillations trapped within a body of plasma.
enumeration
Hydrodynamic
Periodic or quasi-periodic oscillations of fluid quantities.
enumeration
MHD
Hydrodynamic waves in a magnetized plasma in which the background magnetic field plays a key role in controlling the wave propagation characteristics.
enumeration
Photon
Electromagnetic waves detected by techniques that utilize their corpuscular character (e.g., CCD, CMOS, or Photomultiplier).
enumeration
PlasmaWaves
Self-consistent collective oscillations of particles and fields (electric and magnetic) in a plasma.
<xsd:simpleType name="WaveType"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the carrier or phenomenum of wave information observed by the measurement.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Electromagnetic"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Electric and magnetic field variations in time and space that propagate through a medium or a vacuum. The wave propagation direction, electric field vector, and magnetic field vector form an orthogonal triad. Waves in this category are detected by having their field quantities measured.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Electrostatic"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Collective longitudinal electric-field and plasma oscillations trapped within a body of plasma.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Hydrodynamic"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Periodic or quasi-periodic oscillations of fluid quantities.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MHD"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Hydrodynamic waves in a magnetized plasma in which the background magnetic field plays a key role in controlling the wave propagation characteristics.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Photon"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Electromagnetic waves detected by techniques that utilize their corpuscular character (e.g., CCD, CMOS, or Photomultiplier).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PlasmaWaves"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Self-consistent collective oscillations of particles and fields (electric and magnetic) in a plasma.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:WaveQuantity
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the characterization of the physical properties of a wave.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Absorption
Decrease of radiant energy (relative to the background continuum spectrum).
enumeration
ACElectricField
Alternating electric field component of a wave.
enumeration
ACMagneticField
Alternating magnetic field component of a wave.
enumeration
Albedo
The ratio of reflected radiation from the surface to incident radiation upon it.
enumeration
DopplerFrequency
Change in the frequency of a propagating wave due to motion of the source, the observer, the reflector, or the propagation medium.
enumeration
Emissivity
The energy emitted spontaneously per unit bandwidth (typically frequency) per unit time per unit mass of source. Emissivity is usually integrated over all directions/solid angles.
enumeration
EnergyFlux
The amount of energy passing through a unit area in a unit time.
enumeration
EquivalentWidth
The spectral width of a total absorption line having the amount of absorbed radiant energy being equivalent to that in an observed absorption line.
enumeration
Frequency
The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time.
enumeration
Gyrofrequency
The number of gyrations around a magnetic guiding center (field line) a charged particle makes per unit time due to the Lorentz force.
enumeration
Intensity
The measurement of radiant or wave energy per unit detector area per unit bandwidth per unit solid angle per unit time.
enumeration
LineDepth
The measure of the amount of absorption below the continuum (depth) in a particular wavelength or frequency in an absorption spectrum.
enumeration
LowerHybridFrequency
Lower hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons and ions in a magnetized plasma. The propagation of lower hybrid waves must be close to perpendicular to the background magnetic field in so that electrons cannot move along field lines thus preventing wave growth. The lower hybrid frequency, φ<sub>LH</sub>, can be calculated by using φ<sub>LH</sub>=[(ω<sub>ce</sub>ω<sub>ci</sub>)<sup>-1</sup>+φ<sub>pi</sub><sup>-2</sup>]<sup>-1/2</sup> where ω<sub>ce</sub> and ω<sub>ci</sub> are the electron and ion cyclotron frequencies, respectively, and $phi;<sub>LH</sub> is the ion plasma frequency.
enumeration
MagneticField
A region of space near a magnetized body where magnetic forces can be detected (as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting, etc.).
enumeration
ModeAmplitude
In helioseismology the magnitude of oscillation of waves of a particular geometry.
enumeration
PlasmaFrequency
A number density dependent characteristic frequency of a plasma.
enumeration
Polarization
Direction of the electric vector of an electromagnetic wave. The wave can be linearly polarized in any direction perpendicular to the direction of travel, circularly polarized (clockwise or counterclockwise), unpolarized, or mixtures of the above.
enumeration
PoyntingFlux
Electromagnetic energy flux transported by a wave characterized as the rate of energy transport per unit area per steradian.
enumeration
PropagationTime
Time difference between transmission and reception of a wave in an active wave experiment.
enumeration
StokesParameters
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.
enumeration
UpperHybridFrequency
Upper hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons perpendicular to the magnetic field. The upper hybrid frequency, φ<sub>UH</sub>, is governed by the relationship φ<sub>UH</sub>^2=φ<sub>pe</sub>^2+θ<sub>ce</sub>^2 where φ<sub>pe</sub> is electron plasma frequency and θ<sub>ce</sub> is the electron cyclotron frequency.
enumeration
Velocity
Rate of change of position. Also used for the average velocity of a collection of particles, also referred to as bulk velocity.
enumeration
VolumeEmissionRate
The volume emission rate, e(r,t,l), is the number of photons emitted per unit source volume per second (photons/m^3/s), as measured along the line of sight between the source point and the observer. The Volume Emission Rate is in general a function of the line-of-sight distance, r, time, t, and wavelength, l. The Volume Emission Rate is actually not a directly measurable quantity. However, the term has been commonly used in both data product descriptions and research publications.
<xsd:simpleType name="WaveQuantity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the characterization of the physical properties of a wave.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Absorption"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Decrease of radiant energy (relative to the background continuum spectrum).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ACElectricField"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Alternating electric field component of a wave.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ACMagneticField"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Alternating magnetic field component of a wave.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Albedo"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ratio of reflected radiation from the surface to incident radiation upon it.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DopplerFrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Change in the frequency of a propagating wave due to motion of the source, the observer, the reflector, or the propagation medium.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Emissivity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The energy emitted spontaneously per unit bandwidth (typically frequency) per unit time per unit mass of source. Emissivity is usually integrated over all directions/solid angles.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EnergyFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The amount of energy passing through a unit area in a unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EquivalentWidth"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The spectral width of a total absorption line having the amount of absorbed radiant energy being equivalent to that in an observed absorption line.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Frequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Gyrofrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of gyrations around a magnetic guiding center (field line) a charged particle makes per unit time due to the Lorentz force.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Intensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The measurement of radiant or wave energy per unit detector area per unit bandwidth per unit solid angle per unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="LineDepth"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The measure of the amount of absorption below the continuum (depth) in a particular wavelength or frequency in an absorption spectrum.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="LowerHybridFrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Lower hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons and ions in a magnetized plasma. The propagation of lower hybrid waves must be close to perpendicular to the background magnetic field in so that electrons cannot move along field lines thus preventing wave growth. The lower hybrid frequency, φ<sub>LH</sub>, can be calculated by using φ<sub>LH</sub>=[(ω<sub>ce</sub>ω<sub>ci</sub>)<sup>-1</sup>+φ<sub>pi</sub><sup>-2</sup>]<sup>-1/2</sup> where ω<sub>ce</sub> and ω<sub>ci</sub> are the electron and ion cyclotron frequencies, respectively, and $phi;<sub>LH</sub> is the ion plasma frequency.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MagneticField"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of space near a magnetized body where magnetic forces can be detected (as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting, etc.).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ModeAmplitude"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">In helioseismology the magnitude of oscillation of waves of a particular geometry.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PlasmaFrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A number density dependent characteristic frequency of a plasma.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Polarization"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Direction of the electric vector of an electromagnetic wave. The wave can be linearly polarized in any direction perpendicular to the direction of travel, circularly polarized (clockwise or counterclockwise), unpolarized, or mixtures of the above.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PoyntingFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Electromagnetic energy flux transported by a wave characterized as the rate of energy transport per unit area per steradian.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PropagationTime"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Time difference between transmission and reception of a wave in an active wave experiment.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="StokesParameters"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="UpperHybridFrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Upper hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons perpendicular to the magnetic field. The upper hybrid frequency, φ<sub>UH</sub>, is governed by the relationship φ<sub>UH</sub>^2=φ<sub>pe</sub>^2+θ<sub>ce</sub>^2 where φ<sub>pe</sub> is electron plasma frequency and θ<sub>ce</sub> is the electron cyclotron frequency.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Velocity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Rate of change of position. Also used for the average velocity of a collection of particles, also referred to as bulk velocity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="VolumeEmissionRate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The volume emission rate, e(r,t,l), is the number of photons emitted per unit source volume per second (photons/m^3/s), as measured along the line of sight between the source point and the observer. The Volume Emission Rate is in general a function of the line-of-sight distance, r, time, t, and wavelength, l. The Volume Emission Rate is actually not a directly measurable quantity. However, the term has been commonly used in both data product descriptions and research publications.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Wavelength"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The peak-to-peak distance over one wave period.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:WavelengthRange
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The range of possible values for the observed wavelength.
<xsd:complexType name="WavelengthRange"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The range of possible values for the observed wavelength.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="SpectralRange" type="spase:SpectralRange" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Low" type="spase:Low" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="High" type="spase:High" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Units" type="spase:Units" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Bin" type="spase:Bin" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Complex Type spase:Mixed
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A parameter derived from more than one type of parameter. For example, plasma beta, the ratio of plasma particle energy density to the energy density of the magnetic field permeating the plasma, is mixed.
<xsd:complexType name="Mixed"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A parameter derived from more than one type of parameter. For example, plasma beta, the ratio of plasma particle energy density to the energy density of the magnetic field permeating the plasma, is mixed.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="MixedQuantity" type="spase:MixedQuantity" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ParticleType" type="spase:ParticleType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Qualifier" type="spase:Qualifier" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:MixedQuantity
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the combined attributes of a mixed parameter quantity.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
AkasofuEpsilon
A measure of the magnetopause energy flux and an indicator of the solar wind power available for subsequent magnetospheric energization. Defined as: V*B^2*l^2sin(theta/2)^4 where B is the IMF, l is an empirical scaling parameter equal to 7 R<sub>E</sub>, and theta=tan(By/Bz)^-1 the IMF clock angle.
enumeration
AlfvenMachNumber
The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the Alfven speed.
enumeration
AlfvenVelocity
Phase velocity of the Alfven wave. In SI units it is the velocity of the magnetic field divided by the square root of the mass density times the permeability of free space (μ<sub>0</sub>).
enumeration
FrequencyToGyrofrequencyRatio
The ratio of the characteristic frequency of a medium to gyrofrequency of a particle.
enumeration
IMFClockAngle
The clockwise angle of the direction of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) measured in the plane of the body pole perpendicular to the line between the body and the Sun.
enumeration
MagnetosonicMachNumber
The ratio of the velocity of fast mode waves to the Alfven velocity.
enumeration
Other
Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.
enumeration
PlasmaBeta
The ratio of the plasma pressure (nkT) to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a single component plasma or the ratio of the plasma pressure sum over i of (n<sub>i</sub>kT<sub>i</sub>) for all species i to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a multi components plasma.
enumeration
SolarUVFlux
The amount of ultraviolet energy originating from the Sun passing through a unit area in a unit time.
enumeration
TotalPressure
In an MHD fluid it is the number density (N) times Boltzmann constant times the temperature in Kelvin.
enumeration
VCrossB
The cross product of the charge velocity (V) and the magnetic field (B). It is the electric field exerted on a point charge by a magnetic field.
<xsd:simpleType name="MixedQuantity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the combined attributes of a mixed parameter quantity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="AkasofuEpsilon"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the magnetopause energy flux and an indicator of the solar wind power available for subsequent magnetospheric energization. Defined as: V*B^2*l^2sin(theta/2)^4 where B is the IMF, l is an empirical scaling parameter equal to 7 R<sub>E</sub>, and theta=tan(By/Bz)^-1 the IMF clock angle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AlfvenMachNumber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the Alfven speed.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AlfvenVelocity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Phase velocity of the Alfven wave. In SI units it is the velocity of the magnetic field divided by the square root of the mass density times the permeability of free space (μ<sub>0</sub>).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FrequencyToGyrofrequencyRatio"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ratio of the characteristic frequency of a medium to gyrofrequency of a particle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="IMFClockAngle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The clockwise angle of the direction of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) measured in the plane of the body pole perpendicular to the line between the body and the Sun.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MagnetosonicMachNumber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ratio of the velocity of fast mode waves to the Alfven velocity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Other"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PlasmaBeta"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ratio of the plasma pressure (nkT) to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a single component plasma or the ratio of the plasma pressure sum over i of (n<sub>i</sub>kT<sub>i</sub>) for all species i to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a multi components plasma.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SolarUVFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The amount of ultraviolet energy originating from the Sun passing through a unit area in a unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TotalPressure"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">In an MHD fluid it is the number density (N) times Boltzmann constant times the temperature in Kelvin.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="VCrossB"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The cross product of the charge velocity (V) and the magnetic field (B). It is the electric field exerted on a point charge by a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Support
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Information useful in understanding the context of an observation, typically observed or measured coincidentally with a physical observation.
<xsd:complexType name="Support"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Information useful in understanding the context of an observation, typically observed or measured coincidentally with a physical observation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Qualifier" type="spase:Qualifier" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="SupportQuantity" type="spase:SupportQuantity" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:SupportQuantity
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the information useful in understanding the context of an observation, typically observed or measured coincidentally with a physical observation.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
DataQuality
An ancillary parameter that denotes the standard or degree of accuracy, trustworthiness, or usefulness of another parameter.
enumeration
Housekeeping
Parameters that indicate the status or health state of instruments or monitoring devices as measured in physical units such as that for current, voltage, or temperature. Housekeeping data can be analyzed to determine whether instruments are working correctly and the knowledge of their values may be used to avoid errors or even device failures.
enumeration
InstrumentMode
An indication of a state (mode) in which the instrument is operating. How a mode influences the interpretation and representation of data is described in instrument related documentation.
enumeration
Orientation
The specification of the directional alignment of an object or measurement in a reference coordinate system. The orientation such as a spacecraft spin axis attitude is usually expressed as one or more angles relative to the basis axes of some specified physical space usually together with the date/time of the observation.
enumeration
Other
Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.
enumeration
Positional
The specification of the location of an object or measurement within a reference coordinate system. The position is usually expressed as a set of values corresponding to the location along a set of orthogonal axes together with the date/time of the observation.
enumeration
Remark
A notice, comment, or observation.
enumeration
RotationMatrix
A tensor that is used to perform vector data transformation from one coordinate system to another.
enumeration
SpinPeriod
The time required for an object such as a spacecraft or planet to perform one full rotation in a given frame of reference.
enumeration
SpinPhase
An angular based or normalized parameter that specifies the spin state of an object such as a spacecraft or planet in a specific coordinate system usually together with the date/time of the observation.
enumeration
SpinRate
The angular rate of change of the spin angle of an object such as a spacecraft or planet.
enumeration
Telemetry
Parameters that include full packets of data from monitoring devices or the memory addresses of datum within telemetry packets. The data comprising telemetry packets are typically expressed by using non-physical engineering units and may be used to express a variety of device operating conditions such as command acceptance/execution, housekeeping, event characterization, memory dumps, and science data. Telemetry packets may be raw or unpacked.
enumeration
Temporal
Pertaining to time.
enumeration
Velocity
Rate of change of position. Also used for the average velocity of a collection of particles, also referred to as bulk velocity.
enumeration
WebResource
A Web page or file-based resource accessible by a URL.
enumeration
WebService
A Web-based service that uses SOAP, WSDL or UDDI open standards.
<xsd:simpleType name="SupportQuantity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the information useful in understanding the context of an observation, typically observed or measured coincidentally with a physical observation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="DataQuality"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An ancillary parameter that denotes the standard or degree of accuracy, trustworthiness, or usefulness of another parameter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Housekeeping"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Parameters that indicate the status or health state of instruments or monitoring devices as measured in physical units such as that for current, voltage, or temperature. Housekeeping data can be analyzed to determine whether instruments are working correctly and the knowledge of their values may be used to avoid errors or even device failures.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="InstrumentMode"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An indication of a state (mode) in which the instrument is operating. How a mode influences the interpretation and representation of data is described in instrument related documentation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Orientation"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The specification of the directional alignment of an object or measurement in a reference coordinate system. The orientation such as a spacecraft spin axis attitude is usually expressed as one or more angles relative to the basis axes of some specified physical space usually together with the date/time of the observation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Other"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Positional"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The specification of the location of an object or measurement within a reference coordinate system. The position is usually expressed as a set of values corresponding to the location along a set of orthogonal axes together with the date/time of the observation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Remark"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A notice, comment, or observation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="RotationMatrix"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A tensor that is used to perform vector data transformation from one coordinate system to another.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SpinPeriod"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The time required for an object such as a spacecraft or planet to perform one full rotation in a given frame of reference.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SpinPhase"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An angular based or normalized parameter that specifies the spin state of an object such as a spacecraft or planet in a specific coordinate system usually together with the date/time of the observation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SpinRate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The angular rate of change of the spin angle of an object such as a spacecraft or planet.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Telemetry"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Parameters that include full packets of data from monitoring devices or the memory addresses of datum within telemetry packets. The data comprising telemetry packets are typically expressed by using non-physical engineering units and may be used to express a variety of device operating conditions such as command acceptance/execution, housekeeping, event characterization, memory dumps, and science data. Telemetry packets may be raw or unpacked.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Temporal"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Pertaining to time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Velocity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Rate of change of position. Also used for the average velocity of a collection of particles, also referred to as bulk velocity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="WebResource"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A Web page or file-based resource accessible by a URL.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="WebService"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A Web-based service that uses SOAP, WSDL or UDDI open standards.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Extension
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A container of other metadata which is not part of the SPASE data model. The contents of this element are defined by individual usage. The organization and content are constrained by the implementation. For example, in an XML representation of the SPASE metadata the content must conform to the XML specifications.
<xsd:complexType name="Extension"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A container of other metadata which is not part of the SPASE data model. The contents of this element are defined by individual usage. The organization and content are constrained by the implementation. For example, in an XML representation of the SPASE metadata the content must conform to the XML specifications.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:any minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded" processContents="lax"/></xsd:sequence><xsd:attribute name="lang" type="xsd:string" default="en"/></xsd:complexType>
Complex Type spase:DisplayData
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A graphical representation of data wherein the underlying numeric values are not (readily) accessible for analysis. Examples are line plots and spectrograms. A Display Data resource is a type of "data product" which is a set of data that is uniformly processed and formatted, from one or more instruments, typically spanning the full duration of the observations of the relevant instrument(s). A data product may consist of a collection of granules of successive time spans, but may be a single high-level entity.
<xsd:complexType name="DisplayData"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A graphical representation of data wherein the underlying numeric values are not (readily) accessible for analysis. Examples are line plots and spectrograms. A Display Data resource is a type of "data product" which is a set of data that is uniformly processed and formatted, from one or more instruments, typically spanning the full duration of the observations of the relevant instrument(s). A data product may consist of a collection of granules of successive time spans, but may be a single high-level entity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="ResourceID" type="spase:ResourceID" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ResourceHeader" type="spase:ResourceHeader" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="AccessInformation" type="spase:AccessInformation" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="ProcessingLevel" type="spase:ProcessingLevel" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ProviderName" type="spase:ProviderName" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ProviderResourceName" type="spase:ProviderResourceName" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ProviderProcessingLevel" type="spase:ProviderProcessingLevel" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ProviderVersion" type="spase:ProviderVersion" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="InstrumentID" type="spase:InstrumentID" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="MeasurementType" type="spase:MeasurementType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="TemporalDescription" type="spase:TemporalDescription" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="SpectralRange" type="spase:SpectralRange" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="DisplayCadence" type="spase:DisplayCadence" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ObservedRegion" type="spase:Region" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="SpatialCoverage" type="spase:SpatialCoverage" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Caveats" type="spase:Caveats" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Keyword" type="spase:Keyword" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="InputResourceID" type="spase:InputResourceID" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Parameter" type="spase:Parameter" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Extension" type="spase:Extension" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:ProcessingLevel
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers to characterize the amount and type of manipulation which has been applied to the sampled data.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Calibrated
Data wherein sensor outputs have been convolved with instrument response function, often irreversibly, to yield data in physical units. Similar to NASA Level 2.
enumeration
Raw
Data in its original state with no processing to account for calibration. Similar to NASA Level 0.
enumeration
Uncalibrated
Duplicate data are removed from the data stream and data are time ordered. Values are not adjusted for any potential biases or external factors. Similar to NASA Level 1.
enumeration
ValueAdded
Calibrated data that has been mapped on uniform space-time grid scales with gaps, flags and out-of-range values replaced with appropriate values. Similar to NASA Level 3.
<xsd:simpleType name="ProcessingLevel"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers to characterize the amount and type of manipulation which has been applied to the sampled data.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Calibrated"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Data wherein sensor outputs have been convolved with instrument response function, often irreversibly, to yield data in physical units. Similar to NASA Level 2.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Raw"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Data in its original state with no processing to account for calibration. Similar to NASA Level 0.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uncalibrated"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Duplicate data are removed from the data stream and data are time ordered. Values are not adjusted for any potential biases or external factors. Similar to NASA Level 1.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ValueAdded"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Calibrated data that has been mapped on uniform space-time grid scales with gaps, flags and out-of-range values replaced with appropriate values. Similar to NASA Level 3.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ProviderProcessingLevel
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The provider specific information on the processing performed on the product. This should include the provider processing level designation and information about the intended use of the product. For example, if it is to be used for machine learning or other high-level applications.
<xsd:simpleType name="ProviderProcessingLevel"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The provider specific information on the processing performed on the product. This should include the provider processing level designation and information about the intended use of the product. For example, if it is to be used for machine learning or other high-level applications.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:MeasurementType
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the method of making an estimated value of a quantity that forms the basis of an observation.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
ActivityIndex
An indication, derived from one or more measurements, of the level of activity of an object or region, such as sunspot number, F10.7 flux, Dst, or the Polar Cap Indices.
enumeration
Dopplergram
A map or image depicting the spatial distribution of line-of-sight velocities of the observed object.
enumeration
Dust
Free microscopic particles of solid material.
enumeration
ElectricField
A region of space around a charged particle, or between two voltages within which a force is exerted on charged objects in its vicinity. An electric field is the electric force per unit charge.
enumeration
EnergeticParticles
Pieces of matter that are moving very fast. Energetic particles include protons, electrons, neutrons, neutrinos, the nuclei of atoms, and other sub-atomic particles.
enumeration
Ephemeris
The spatial coordinates of a body as a function of time. When used as an Instrument Type it represents the process or methods used to generate spatial coordinates.
enumeration
ImageIntensity
Measurements of the 2-D distribution of the intensity of photons from some region or object such as the Sun or the polar auroral regions, can be in any wavelength band, and polarized, etc.
enumeration
InstrumentStatus
A quantity directly related to the operation or function of an instrument.
enumeration
IonComposition
In situ measurements of the relative flux or density of electrically charged particles in the space environment. May give simple fluxes, but full distribution functions are sometimes measured.
enumeration
Irradiance
A radiometric term for the power of electromagnetic radiation at a surface, per unit area. Irradiance is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. Irradiance data may be reported in any units (i.e., counts/s) due to, for example, being at a particular wavelength, or to being a not fully calibrated relative measurement.
enumeration
MagneticField
A region of space near a magnetized body where magnetic forces can be detected (as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting, etc.).
enumeration
Magnetogram
Measurements of the vector or line-of-sight magnetic field determined from remote sensing measurements of the detailed structure of spectral lines, including their splitting and polarization.
enumeration
NeutralAtomImages
Measurements of neutral atom fluxes as a function of look direction often related to remote energetic charged particles that lose their charge through charge-exchange and then reach the detector on a line-of-sight trajectory.
enumeration
NeutralGas
Measurements of neutral atomic and molecular components of a gas.
enumeration
Profile
Measurements of a quantity as a function of height above an object such as the limb of a body.
enumeration
Radiance
A radiometric measurement that describes the amount of electromagnetic radiation that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle in a specified direction. They are used to characterize both emission from diffuse sources and reflection from diffuse surfaces.
enumeration
Spectrum
The distribution of a characteristic of a physical system or phenomenon, such as the energy emitted by a radiant source, arranged in the order of wavelengths.
enumeration
SPICE
SPICE is an ancillary information system that provides scientists and engineers the capability to include space geometry and event data into mission design, science observation planning, and science data analysis software. The staff of the NASA Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility, NAIF, which is located at JPL provides SPICE support for planetary, heliophysics, and Earth science missions, see https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/index.html. This SPICE has been adapted from text on NAF hosted web pages.
enumeration
ThermalPlasma
Measurements of the plasma in the energy regime where the most of the plasma occurs. May be the basic fluxes in the form of distribution functions or the derived bulk parameters (density, flow velocity, etc.).
enumeration
Waves
Data resulting from observations of wave experiments and natural wave phenomena. Wave experiments are typically active and natural wave phenomena are passive. Examples of wave experiments include coherent/incoherent scatter radars, radio soundings, VLF propagation studies, ionospheric scintillation of beacon satellite signals, etc. Examples of natural wave phenomena include micropulsations, mesospheric gravity waves, auroral/plasmaspheric hiss, Langmuir waves, AKR, Jovian decametric radiation, solar radio bursts, etc.
enumeration
Waves.Active
Exerting an influence or producing a change or effect. An active measurement is one which produces a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.
enumeration
Waves.Passive
Movement or effect produced by outside influence. A passive measurement is one which does not produce a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.
<xsd:simpleType name="MeasurementType"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the method of making an estimated value of a quantity that forms the basis of an observation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="ActivityIndex"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An indication, derived from one or more measurements, of the level of activity of an object or region, such as sunspot number, F10.7 flux, Dst, or the Polar Cap Indices.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Dopplergram"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A map or image depicting the spatial distribution of line-of-sight velocities of the observed object.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Dust"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Free microscopic particles of solid material.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ElectricField"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of space around a charged particle, or between two voltages within which a force is exerted on charged objects in its vicinity. An electric field is the electric force per unit charge.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EnergeticParticles"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Pieces of matter that are moving very fast. Energetic particles include protons, electrons, neutrons, neutrinos, the nuclei of atoms, and other sub-atomic particles.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Ephemeris"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The spatial coordinates of a body as a function of time. When used as an Instrument Type it represents the process or methods used to generate spatial coordinates.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ImageIntensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Measurements of the 2-D distribution of the intensity of photons from some region or object such as the Sun or the polar auroral regions, can be in any wavelength band, and polarized, etc.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="InstrumentStatus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A quantity directly related to the operation or function of an instrument.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="IonComposition"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">In situ measurements of the relative flux or density of electrically charged particles in the space environment. May give simple fluxes, but full distribution functions are sometimes measured.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Irradiance"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A radiometric term for the power of electromagnetic radiation at a surface, per unit area. Irradiance is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. Irradiance data may be reported in any units (i.e., counts/s) due to, for example, being at a particular wavelength, or to being a not fully calibrated relative measurement.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MagneticField"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of space near a magnetized body where magnetic forces can be detected (as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting, etc.).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetogram"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Measurements of the vector or line-of-sight magnetic field determined from remote sensing measurements of the detailed structure of spectral lines, including their splitting and polarization.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NeutralAtomImages"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Measurements of neutral atom fluxes as a function of look direction often related to remote energetic charged particles that lose their charge through charge-exchange and then reach the detector on a line-of-sight trajectory.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NeutralGas"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Measurements of neutral atomic and molecular components of a gas.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Profile"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Measurements of a quantity as a function of height above an object such as the limb of a body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Radiance"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A radiometric measurement that describes the amount of electromagnetic radiation that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle in a specified direction. They are used to characterize both emission from diffuse sources and reflection from diffuse surfaces.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Spectrum"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The distribution of a characteristic of a physical system or phenomenon, such as the energy emitted by a radiant source, arranged in the order of wavelengths.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SPICE"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">SPICE is an ancillary information system that provides scientists and engineers the capability to include space geometry and event data into mission design, science observation planning, and science data analysis software. The staff of the NASA Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility, NAIF, which is located at JPL provides SPICE support for planetary, heliophysics, and Earth science missions, see https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/index.html. This SPICE has been adapted from text on NAF hosted web pages.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ThermalPlasma"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Measurements of the plasma in the energy regime where the most of the plasma occurs. May be the basic fluxes in the form of distribution functions or the derived bulk parameters (density, flow velocity, etc.).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Waves"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Data resulting from observations of wave experiments and natural wave phenomena. Wave experiments are typically active and natural wave phenomena are passive. Examples of wave experiments include coherent/incoherent scatter radars, radio soundings, VLF propagation studies, ionospheric scintillation of beacon satellite signals, etc. Examples of natural wave phenomena include micropulsations, mesospheric gravity waves, auroral/plasmaspheric hiss, Langmuir waves, AKR, Jovian decametric radiation, solar radio bursts, etc.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Waves.Active"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Exerting an influence or producing a change or effect. An active measurement is one which produces a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Waves.Passive"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Movement or effect produced by outside influence. A passive measurement is one which does not produce a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:TemporalDescription
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A characterization of the time over which the measurement was taken.
<xsd:simpleType name="Exposure"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The time interval over which an individual measurement is taken.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:duration"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ExposureMin
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The smallest time interval over which an individual measurement is taken.
<xsd:simpleType name="ExposureMin"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The smallest time interval over which an individual measurement is taken.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:duration"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ExposureMax
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The largest interval over which an individual measurement is taken.
<xsd:simpleType name="ExposureMax"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The largest interval over which an individual measurement is taken.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:duration"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:DisplayCadence
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The time interval between the successive display elements.
<xsd:simpleType name="DisplayCadence"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The time interval between the successive display elements.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:duration"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Region
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for areas of the physical world which may be occupied or observed.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Asteroid
A small extraterrestrial body consisting mostly of rock and metal that is in orbit around the Sun.
enumeration
Comet
A relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit.
enumeration
Comet.1PHalley
1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.
enumeration
Comet.26PGriggSkjellerup
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.
enumeration
Comet.67PChuryumovGerasimenko
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.
enumeration
Earth
The third planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosheath
The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Earth.Moon
The only natural satellite of the Earth.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface
The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Atmosphere
The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.AuroralRegion
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.EquatorialRegion
A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion
A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside
The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.PolarCap
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion
The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Stratosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Thermosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Troposphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.
enumeration
Earth.Surface
The outermost area of a solid object.
enumeration
Heliosphere
The solar atmosphere extending roughly from the outer corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.
enumeration
Heliosphere.Heliosheath
The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.
enumeration
Heliosphere.Inner
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.
enumeration
Heliosphere.NearEarth
The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.
enumeration
Heliosphere.Outer
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.
enumeration
Heliosphere.Remote1AU
A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.
enumeration
Interstellar
The region between stars outside of any stellar heliopause.
enumeration
Jupiter
The fifth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Jupiter.Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
enumeration
Jupiter.Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
enumeration
Jupiter.Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
enumeration
Jupiter.Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
enumeration
Jupiter.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Mars
The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Mars.Deimos
The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Mars.Phobos
The larger and inner most moon of Mars.
enumeration
Mercury
The first planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Neptune
The seventh planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Neptune.Proteus
The second largest moon of Neptune.
enumeration
Neptune.Triton
The largest moon of Neptune.
enumeration
Pluto
The ninth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Saturn
The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Saturn.Dione
The fourth largest moon of Saturn.
enumeration
Saturn.Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
enumeration
Saturn.Iapetus
The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Saturn.Mimas
The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.
enumeration
Saturn.Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
enumeration
Saturn.Tethys
The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.
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Saturn.Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
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Sun
The star upon which our solar system is centered.
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Sun.Chromosphere
The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.
enumeration
Sun.Corona
The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.
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Sun.Interior
The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.
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Sun.Photosphere
The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.
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Sun.TransitionRegion
A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.
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Uranus
The eighth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Uranus.Ariel
The fourth largest moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
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Uranus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
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Uranus.Miranda
The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Oberon
The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Puck
The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.
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Uranus.Titania
The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.
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Uranus.Umbriel
The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.
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Venus
The second planet from the Sun in our solar system.
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Venus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
<xsd:simpleType name="Region"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for areas of the physical world which may be occupied or observed.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Asteroid"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A small extraterrestrial body consisting mostly of rock and metal that is in orbit around the Sun.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Comet"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Comet.1PHalley"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Comet.26PGriggSkjellerup"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Comet.67PChuryumovGerasimenko"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The third planet from the Sun in our solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Magnetosheath"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Moon"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The only natural satellite of the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Atmosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.AuroralRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.EquatorialRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Mesosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.PolarCap"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Stratosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Thermosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Troposphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Surface"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The outermost area of a solid object.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Heliosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The solar atmosphere extending roughly from the outer corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Heliosphere.Heliosheath"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Heliosphere.Inner"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Heliosphere.NearEarth"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Heliosphere.Outer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Heliosphere.Remote1AU"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Interstellar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region between stars outside of any stellar heliopause.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The fifth planet from the Sun in our solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Callisto"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Europa"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Ganymede"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Io"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars.Deimos"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars.Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars.Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars.Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars.Phobos"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The larger and inner most moon of Mars.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mercury"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The first planet from the Sun in our solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mercury.Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mercury.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mercury.Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mercury.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mercury.Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mercury.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mercury.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The seventh planet from the Sun in our solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune.Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune.Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune.Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune.Proteus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The second largest moon of Neptune.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune.Triton"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The largest moon of Neptune.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Pluto"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ninth planet from the Sun in our solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Dione"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The fourth largest moon of Saturn.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Enceladus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Iapetus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Mimas"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Rhea"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Tethys"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Titan"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Sun"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The star upon which our solar system is centered.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Sun.Chromosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Sun.Corona"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Sun.Interior"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Sun.Photosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Sun.TransitionRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The eighth planet from the Sun in our solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Ariel"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The fourth largest moon of Uranus.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Miranda"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Oberon"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Puck"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Titania"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Umbriel"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Venus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The second planet from the Sun in our solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Venus.Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Venus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Venus.Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Venus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Venus.Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Venus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Venus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:SpatialCoverage
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A region of space defined by the latitude, longitude and altitude in a geographic coordinate system.
<xsd:simpleType name="CenterLatitude"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The latitude in the center of a region in a geographic coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:NorthernmostLatitude
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The latitude furthest to the north in a geographic coordinate system.
<xsd:simpleType name="NorthernmostLatitude"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The latitude furthest to the north in a geographic coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:SouthernmostLatitude
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The latitude furthest to the south in a geographic coordinate system.
<xsd:simpleType name="SouthernmostLatitude"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The latitude furthest to the south in a geographic coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:CenterLongitude
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The longitude in the center of a region in a geographic coordinate system.
<xsd:simpleType name="CenterLongitude"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The longitude in the center of a region in a geographic coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:EasternmostLongitude
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The longitude furthest to the east in a geographic coordinate system.
<xsd:simpleType name="EasternmostLongitude"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The longitude furthest to the east in a geographic coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:WesternmostLongitude
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The longitude furthest to the west in a geographic coordinate system.
<xsd:simpleType name="WesternmostLongitude"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The longitude furthest to the west in a geographic coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:CenterElevation
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The elevation in the center of a region above a surface (such as sea level or land) of a planet or natural satellite.
<xsd:simpleType name="CenterElevation"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The elevation in the center of a region above a surface (such as sea level or land) of a planet or natural satellite.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:MinimumElevation
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The lowest vertical elevation of region above a surface (such as sea level or land) of a planet or natural satellite.
<xsd:simpleType name="MinimumElevation"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The lowest vertical elevation of region above a surface (such as sea level or land) of a planet or natural satellite.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:MaximumElevation
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The highest vertical elevation of region above a surface (such as sea level or land) of a planet or natural satellite.
<xsd:simpleType name="MaximumElevation"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The highest vertical elevation of region above a surface (such as sea level or land) of a planet or natural satellite.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:NumericalData
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Data stored as numerical values in one or more specified formats. A Numerical Data resource is a type of "data product" which is a set of data that is uniformly processed and formatted, from one or more instruments, typically spanning the full duration of the observations of the relevant instrument(s). A data product may consist of Parameters stored in a collection of granules of successive time spans or a single data granule.
<xsd:complexType name="NumericalData"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Data stored as numerical values in one or more specified formats. A Numerical Data resource is a type of "data product" which is a set of data that is uniformly processed and formatted, from one or more instruments, typically spanning the full duration of the observations of the relevant instrument(s). A data product may consist of Parameters stored in a collection of granules of successive time spans or a single data granule.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="ResourceID" type="spase:ResourceID" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ResourceHeader" type="spase:ResourceHeader" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="AccessInformation" type="spase:AccessInformation" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="ProcessingLevel" type="spase:ProcessingLevel" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ProviderName" type="spase:ProviderName" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ProviderResourceName" type="spase:ProviderResourceName" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ProviderProcessingLevel" type="spase:ProviderProcessingLevel" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ProviderVersion" type="spase:ProviderVersion" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="InstrumentID" type="spase:InstrumentID" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="MeasurementType" type="spase:MeasurementType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="TemporalDescription" type="spase:TemporalDescription" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="SpectralRange" type="spase:SpectralRange" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="ObservedRegion" type="spase:Region" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="SpatialCoverage" type="spase:SpatialCoverage" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Caveats" type="spase:Caveats" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Keyword" type="spase:Keyword" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="InputResourceID" type="spase:InputResourceID" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Parameter" type="spase:Parameter" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Extension" type="spase:Extension" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Complex Type spase:Granule
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
An accessible portion of another resource. A Granule may be composed of one or more physical pieces (files) which are considered inseparable. For example, a data storage format that maintains metadata and binary data in separate, but tightly coupled files. Granules should not be used to group files that have simple relationships or which are associated through a parent resource. For example, each file containing a time interval data for a Numerical Data resource would each be considered a Granule. The ParentID of a Granule resource must be a NumericalData resource. The attributes of a Granule supersede the corresponding attributes in the NumericalData resource.
<xsd:complexType name="Granule"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An accessible portion of another resource. A Granule may be composed of one or more physical pieces (files) which are considered inseparable. For example, a data storage format that maintains metadata and binary data in separate, but tightly coupled files. Granules should not be used to group files that have simple relationships or which are associated through a parent resource. For example, each file containing a time interval data for a Numerical Data resource would each be considered a Granule. The ParentID of a Granule resource must be a NumericalData resource. The attributes of a Granule supersede the corresponding attributes in the NumericalData resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="ResourceID" type="spase:ResourceID" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ReleaseDate" type="spase:ReleaseDate" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ExpirationDate" type="spase:ExpirationDate" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ParentID" type="spase:ParentID" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="PriorID" type="spase:PriorID" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:choice minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"><xsd:element name="StartDate" type="spase:StartDate"/></xsd:choice><xsd:choice minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"><xsd:element name="StopDate" type="spase:StopDate"/></xsd:choice><xsd:element name="SpatialCoverage" type="spase:SpatialCoverage" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Source" type="spase:Source" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:choice minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"><xsd:element name="RegionBegin" type="spase:RegionBegin"/></xsd:choice><xsd:choice minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"><xsd:element name="RegionEnd" type="spase:RegionEnd"/></xsd:choice></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:ParentID
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The resource identifier for a resource that a resource is a part of. The resource inherits the attributes of the referenced resource. Attributes defined in the resource override attributes of the parent in the manner prescribed by the containing resource.
<xsd:simpleType name="ParentID"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The resource identifier for a resource that a resource is a part of. The resource inherits the attributes of the referenced resource. Attributes defined in the resource override attributes of the parent in the manner prescribed by the containing resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="spase:typeID"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:complexType name="Source"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The location and attributes of an object.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="SourceType" type="spase:SourceType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="URL" type="spase:URL" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="MirrorURL" type="spase:MirrorURL" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Checksum" type="spase:Checksum" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="DataExtent" type="spase:DataExtent" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:SourceType
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the characterization of the function or purpose of a source.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Ancillary
A complementary item which can be subordinate, subsidiary, auxiliary, supplementary to the primary item.
enumeration
Browse
A representation of an image which is suitable to reveal most or all of the details of the image.
enumeration
Data
A collection of organized information, usually the results of experience, observation or experiment, or a set of premises. This may consist of numbers, words, or images, particularly as measurements or observations of a set of variables.
enumeration
Layout
The structured arrangement of items in a collection.
enumeration
Thumbnail
A small representation of an image which is suitable to infer what the full-sized imaged is like.
<xsd:simpleType name="SourceType"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the characterization of the function or purpose of a source.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Ancillary"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A complementary item which can be subordinate, subsidiary, auxiliary, supplementary to the primary item.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Browse"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A representation of an image which is suitable to reveal most or all of the details of the image.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Data"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A collection of organized information, usually the results of experience, observation or experiment, or a set of premises. This may consist of numbers, words, or images, particularly as measurements or observations of a set of variables.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Layout"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The structured arrangement of items in a collection.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Thumbnail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A small representation of an image which is suitable to infer what the full-sized imaged is like.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:MirrorURL
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) to an alternate location of a resource.
<xsd:simpleType name="MirrorURL"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) to an alternate location of a resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:anyURI"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Checksum
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A computed value that is dependent upon the contents of a digital data object. Primarily used to check whether errors or alterations have occurred during the transmission or storage of a data object.
<xsd:complexType name="Checksum"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A computed value that is dependent upon the contents of a digital data object. Primarily used to check whether errors or alterations have occurred during the transmission or storage of a data object.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="HashValue" type="spase:HashValue" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="HashFunction" type="spase:HashFunction" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:HashValue
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The value calculated by a hash function, e.g., the message digest of a digital data object.
<xsd:simpleType name="HashValue"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The value calculated by a hash function, e.g., the message digest of a digital data object.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:HashFunction
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for functions or algorithms that convert a digital data object into a hash value.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
MD5
Message Digest 5 (MD5) is a 128-bit message digest algorithm created in 1991 by Professor Ronald Rivest.
enumeration
SHA1
Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), a 160-bit message digest algorithm developed by the NSA and described in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) publication 180-1.
enumeration
SHA256
Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), a 256-bit message digest algorithm developed by the NSA and described in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) publication 180-1.
<xsd:simpleType name="HashFunction"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for functions or algorithms that convert a digital data object into a hash value.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="MD5"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Message Digest 5 (MD5) is a 128-bit message digest algorithm created in 1991 by Professor Ronald Rivest.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SHA1"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), a 160-bit message digest algorithm developed by the NSA and described in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) publication 180-1.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SHA256"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), a 256-bit message digest algorithm developed by the NSA and described in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) publication 180-1.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:RegionBegin
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The values that define the start point of a region.
<xsd:simpleType name="RegionBegin"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The values that define the start point of a region.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:RegionEnd
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The values that define the ending point of a region.
<xsd:simpleType name="RegionEnd"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The values that define the ending point of a region.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Instrument
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A device that makes measurements used to characterize a physical phenomenon, or a family of like devices.
<xsd:complexType name="Instrument"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A device that makes measurements used to characterize a physical phenomenon, or a family of like devices.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="ResourceID" type="spase:ResourceID" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ResourceHeader" type="spase:ResourceHeader" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="InstrumentType" type="spase:InstrumentType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="InstrumentGroupID" type="spase:InstrumentGroupID" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="InvestigationName" type="spase:InvestigationName" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="OperatingSpan" type="spase:OperatingSpan" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ObservatoryID" type="spase:ObservatoryID" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Caveats" type="spase:Caveats" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Extension" type="spase:Extension" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:InstrumentType
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the type of experiment the instrument performs. This is the technique of observation.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Antenna
A sensor used to measure electric potential.
enumeration
Channeltron
An instrument that detects electrons, ions, and ultraviolet radiation, according to the principle of a secondary emission multiplier. It is typically used in electron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
enumeration
Coronograph
An instrument which can image things very close to the Sun by using a disk to block the bright surface of the sun or a star that reveals the faint corona of the Sun or other celestial objects.
enumeration
DoubleSphere
A dipole antenna of which the active (sensor) elements are small spheres located at the ends of two wires deployed in the equatorial plane, on opposite sides of a spinning spacecraft.
enumeration
DustDetector
An instrument which determines the mass and speed of ambient dust particles.
enumeration
ElectronDriftInstrument
An active experiment to measure the electron drift velocity based on sensing the displacement of a weak beam of electrons after one gyration in the ambient magnetic field.
enumeration
ElectrostaticAnalyser
An instrument which uses charged plates to analyze the mass, charge and kinetic energies of charged particles which enter the instrument.
enumeration
EnergeticParticleInstrument
An instrument that measures fluxes of charged particles as a function of time, direction of motion, mass, charge and/or species.
enumeration
Experiment
A collection of components which are designed to make coordinated observations of a phenomenon or object. Projects and missions may refer to an "experiment" by other names such as a "suite".
enumeration
FaradayCup
An instrument consisting of an electrode from which electrical current is measured while a charged particle beam (electrons or ions) impinges on it. Used to determine energy spectrum and sometimes ion composition of the impinging particles.
enumeration
FluxFeedback
A search coil whose bandwidth and signal/noise ratio are increased by the application of negative feedback at the sensor (flux) level by driving a collocated coil with a signal from the preamplifier.
enumeration
FourierTransformSpectrograph
An instrument that determines the spectra of a radiative source, using time domain measurements and a Fourier transform.
enumeration
GeigerMuellerTube
An instrument which measures density of ionizing radiation based on interactions with a gas.
enumeration
Imager
An instrument which samples the radiation from an area at one or more spectral ranges emitted or reflected by an object.
enumeration
ImagingSpectrometer
An instrument which is a multispectral scanner with a very large number of channels (typically from 64 channels up to 256 channels) with very narrow bandwidths.
enumeration
Interferometer
An instrument to study the properties of two or more waves from the pattern of interference created by their superposition.
enumeration
IonChamber
A device in which the collected electrical charge from ionization in a gas-filled cavity is taken to be the proportion to some parameter (e.g., dose or exposure) of radiation field.
enumeration
IonDrift
A device which measures the current produced by the displacement of ambient ions on a grid, thereby allowing the determination of the ion trajectory and velocity.
enumeration
IonGauge
A device which measures low-pressure or vacuum neutral gas with pressures ranging from 10^-3 Torr to 10^-10 Torr. An ion gauge is an electronic amplifying vacuum tube consisting of three electrodes inside an evacuated glass envelope, with the filament being the cathode.
enumeration
LangmuirProbe
A monopole antenna associated with an instrument. The instrument applies a potential to the antenna which is swept to determine the voltage/current characteristic. This provides information about the plasma surrounding the probe and spacecraft.
enumeration
LongWire
A dipole antenna constructed by two active sensing elements that are wires deployed in the equatorial plane on opposite sides of a spinning spacecraft. The, wire length is usually several times the spacecraft diameter.
enumeration
Magnetograph
A special type of magnetometer that records a time plot of the local magnetic field near the instrument or a telescope capable of determining the magnetic field strength and/or direction on a distant object such as the Sun, using the Zeeman splitting or other spectral signatures of magnetization.
enumeration
Magnetometer
An instrument which measures the ambient magnetic field.
enumeration
MassSpectrometer
An instrument which distinguishes chemical species in terms of their different isotopic masses.
enumeration
MicrochannelPlate
An instrument used for the detection of elementary particles, ions, ultraviolet rays and soft X-rays constructed from very thin conductive glass capillaries.
enumeration
MultispectralImager
An instrument which captures images at multiple spectral ranges.
enumeration
NeutralAtomImager
An instrument which measures the quantity and properties of neutral particles over a range of angles. Measured properties can include mass and energy.
enumeration
NeutralParticleDetector
An instrument which measures the quantity and properties of neutral particles. Measured properties can include mass and plasma bulk densities.
enumeration
ParticleCorrelator
An instrument which correlates particle flux to help identify wave/particle interactions.
enumeration
ParticleDetector
An instrument which detects particle flux!!!.
enumeration
Photometer
An instrument which measures the strength of electromagnetic radiation within a spectral band which can range from ultraviolet to infrared and includes the visible spectrum.
enumeration
PhotomultiplierTube
A vacuum phototube that is an extremely sensitive detector of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum.
enumeration
Photopolarimeter
An instrument which measures the intensity and polarization or radiant energy. A photopolarimeter is a combination of a photometer and a polarimeter.
enumeration
Platform
A collection of components which can be positioned and oriented as a single unit. A platform may contain other platforms. For example, a spacecraft is a platform which may have components that can be articulated and are also considered platforms.
enumeration
ProportionalCounter
An instrument which measures energy of ionization radiation based on interactions with a gas.
enumeration
QuadrisphericalAnalyser
An instrument used for the 3-D detection of plasma, energetic electrons and ions, and for positive ion composition measurements.
enumeration
Radar
An instrument that uses directional properties of returned power to infer spatial and/or other characteristics of a remote object.
enumeration
Radiometer
An instrument for detecting or measuring radiant energy. Radiometers are commonly limited to infrared radiation.
enumeration
ResonanceSounder
A combination of a radio receiver and a pulsed transmitter used to study the plasma surrounding a spacecraft by identifying resonances or cut-offs (of the wave dispersion relation), whose frequencies are related to the ambient plasma density and magnetic field. When the transmitter is off it is essentially a high-frequency resolution spectral power receiver.
enumeration
RetardingPotentialAnalyser
An instrument which measures ion temperatures and ion concentrations using a planar ion trap.
enumeration
Riometer
An instrument which measures the signal strength in various directions of the galactic radio signals. Variations in these signals are influenced by solar flare activity and geomagnetic storm and substorm processes.
enumeration
ScintillationDetector
An instrument which detects fluorescence of a material which is excited by high-energy (ionizing) electromagnetic or charged particle radiation.
enumeration
SearchCoil
An instrument which measures the time variation of the magnetic flux threading a loop by measurement of the electric potential difference induced between the ends of the wire.
enumeration
SolidStateDetector
A detector of the charge carriers (electrons and holes) generated in semiconductors by energy deposited by gamma ray photons. Also known as a semiconductor detector".
enumeration
Sounder
An instrument which measures the radiances from an object. A sounder may measure radiances at multiple spectral ranges.
enumeration
SpacecraftPotentialControl
An instrument to control the electric potential of a spacecraft with respect to the ambient plasma by emitting a variable current of positive ions.
enumeration
SpectralPowerReceiver
A radio receiver which determines the power spectral density of the electric or magnetic field, or both, at one or more frequencies.
enumeration
Spectrometer
An instrument that measures the component wavelengths of light (or other electromagnetic radiation) by splitting the light up into its component wavelengths.
enumeration
TimeOfFlight
An instrument which measures the time it takes for a particle to travel between two detectors.
enumeration
Unspecified
A value which is not provided.
enumeration
WaveformReceiver
A radio receiver which outputs the value of one or more components of the electric and/or magnetic field as a function of time.
<xsd:simpleType name="InstrumentType"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the type of experiment the instrument performs. This is the technique of observation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Antenna"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A sensor used to measure electric potential.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Channeltron"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument that detects electrons, ions, and ultraviolet radiation, according to the principle of a secondary emission multiplier. It is typically used in electron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Coronograph"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which can image things very close to the Sun by using a disk to block the bright surface of the sun or a star that reveals the faint corona of the Sun or other celestial objects.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DoubleSphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A dipole antenna of which the active (sensor) elements are small spheres located at the ends of two wires deployed in the equatorial plane, on opposite sides of a spinning spacecraft.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DustDetector"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which determines the mass and speed of ambient dust particles.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ElectronDriftInstrument"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An active experiment to measure the electron drift velocity based on sensing the displacement of a weak beam of electrons after one gyration in the ambient magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ElectrostaticAnalyser"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which uses charged plates to analyze the mass, charge and kinetic energies of charged particles which enter the instrument.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EnergeticParticleInstrument"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument that measures fluxes of charged particles as a function of time, direction of motion, mass, charge and/or species.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Experiment"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A collection of components which are designed to make coordinated observations of a phenomenon or object. Projects and missions may refer to an "experiment" by other names such as a "suite".</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FaradayCup"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument consisting of an electrode from which electrical current is measured while a charged particle beam (electrons or ions) impinges on it. Used to determine energy spectrum and sometimes ion composition of the impinging particles.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FluxFeedback"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A search coil whose bandwidth and signal/noise ratio are increased by the application of negative feedback at the sensor (flux) level by driving a collocated coil with a signal from the preamplifier.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FourierTransformSpectrograph"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument that determines the spectra of a radiative source, using time domain measurements and a Fourier transform.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="GeigerMuellerTube"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures density of ionizing radiation based on interactions with a gas.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Imager"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which samples the radiation from an area at one or more spectral ranges emitted or reflected by an object.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ImagingSpectrometer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which is a multispectral scanner with a very large number of channels (typically from 64 channels up to 256 channels) with very narrow bandwidths.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Interferometer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument to study the properties of two or more waves from the pattern of interference created by their superposition.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="IonChamber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A device in which the collected electrical charge from ionization in a gas-filled cavity is taken to be the proportion to some parameter (e.g., dose or exposure) of radiation field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="IonDrift"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A device which measures the current produced by the displacement of ambient ions on a grid, thereby allowing the determination of the ion trajectory and velocity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="IonGauge"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A device which measures low-pressure or vacuum neutral gas with pressures ranging from 10^-3 Torr to 10^-10 Torr. An ion gauge is an electronic amplifying vacuum tube consisting of three electrodes inside an evacuated glass envelope, with the filament being the cathode.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="LangmuirProbe"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A monopole antenna associated with an instrument. The instrument applies a potential to the antenna which is swept to determine the voltage/current characteristic. This provides information about the plasma surrounding the probe and spacecraft.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="LongWire"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A dipole antenna constructed by two active sensing elements that are wires deployed in the equatorial plane on opposite sides of a spinning spacecraft. The, wire length is usually several times the spacecraft diameter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetograph"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A special type of magnetometer that records a time plot of the local magnetic field near the instrument or a telescope capable of determining the magnetic field strength and/or direction on a distant object such as the Sun, using the Zeeman splitting or other spectral signatures of magnetization.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetometer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures the ambient magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MassSpectrometer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which distinguishes chemical species in terms of their different isotopic masses.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MicrochannelPlate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument used for the detection of elementary particles, ions, ultraviolet rays and soft X-rays constructed from very thin conductive glass capillaries.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MultispectralImager"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which captures images at multiple spectral ranges.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NeutralAtomImager"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures the quantity and properties of neutral particles over a range of angles. Measured properties can include mass and energy.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NeutralParticleDetector"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures the quantity and properties of neutral particles. Measured properties can include mass and plasma bulk densities.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ParticleCorrelator"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which correlates particle flux to help identify wave/particle interactions.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ParticleDetector"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which detects particle flux!!!.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Photometer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures the strength of electromagnetic radiation within a spectral band which can range from ultraviolet to infrared and includes the visible spectrum.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PhotomultiplierTube"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A vacuum phototube that is an extremely sensitive detector of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Photopolarimeter"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures the intensity and polarization or radiant energy. A photopolarimeter is a combination of a photometer and a polarimeter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Platform"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A collection of components which can be positioned and oriented as a single unit. A platform may contain other platforms. For example, a spacecraft is a platform which may have components that can be articulated and are also considered platforms.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ProportionalCounter"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures energy of ionization radiation based on interactions with a gas.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="QuadrisphericalAnalyser"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument used for the 3-D detection of plasma, energetic electrons and ions, and for positive ion composition measurements.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Radar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument that uses directional properties of returned power to infer spatial and/or other characteristics of a remote object.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Radiometer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument for detecting or measuring radiant energy. Radiometers are commonly limited to infrared radiation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ResonanceSounder"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A combination of a radio receiver and a pulsed transmitter used to study the plasma surrounding a spacecraft by identifying resonances or cut-offs (of the wave dispersion relation), whose frequencies are related to the ambient plasma density and magnetic field. When the transmitter is off it is essentially a high-frequency resolution spectral power receiver.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="RetardingPotentialAnalyser"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures ion temperatures and ion concentrations using a planar ion trap.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Riometer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures the signal strength in various directions of the galactic radio signals. Variations in these signals are influenced by solar flare activity and geomagnetic storm and substorm processes.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ScintillationDetector"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which detects fluorescence of a material which is excited by high-energy (ionizing) electromagnetic or charged particle radiation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SearchCoil"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures the time variation of the magnetic flux threading a loop by measurement of the electric potential difference induced between the ends of the wire.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SolidStateDetector"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A detector of the charge carriers (electrons and holes) generated in semiconductors by energy deposited by gamma ray photons. Also known as a semiconductor detector".</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Sounder"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures the radiances from an object. A sounder may measure radiances at multiple spectral ranges.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SpacecraftPotentialControl"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument to control the electric potential of a spacecraft with respect to the ambient plasma by emitting a variable current of positive ions.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SpectralPowerReceiver"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A radio receiver which determines the power spectral density of the electric or magnetic field, or both, at one or more frequencies.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Spectrometer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument that measures the component wavelengths of light (or other electromagnetic radiation) by splitting the light up into its component wavelengths.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TimeOfFlight"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures the time it takes for a particle to travel between two detectors.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Unspecified"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A value which is not provided.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="WaveformReceiver"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A radio receiver which outputs the value of one or more components of the electric and/or magnetic field as a function of time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:InstrumentGroupID
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The identifier of an Instrument resource which the referring resource is a member of.
<xsd:simpleType name="InstrumentGroupID"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The identifier of an Instrument resource which the referring resource is a member of.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="spase:typeID"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:InvestigationName
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The name given to the contract or engagement which enabled the data to be produced. Each investigation is associated with a Principal Investigator or Guest Investigator who was responsible for the original proposal. For single principal investigator missions each major subsystem having its own identified Team Leader may also be classed as an Investigation for the purposes of data archiving.
<xsd:simpleType name="InvestigationName"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The name given to the contract or engagement which enabled the data to be produced. Each investigation is associated with a Principal Investigator or Guest Investigator who was responsible for the original proposal. For single principal investigator missions each major subsystem having its own identified Team Leader may also be classed as an Investigation for the purposes of data archiving.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:OperatingSpan
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The interval in time from the first point at which an instrument or spacecraft was producing and sending data until the last such time, ignoring possible gaps.
<xsd:complexType name="OperatingSpan"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The interval in time from the first point at which an instrument or spacecraft was producing and sending data until the last such time, ignoring possible gaps.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="StartDate" type="spase:StartDate" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="StopDate" type="spase:StopDate" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Note" type="spase:Note" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
<xsd:simpleType name="ObservatoryID"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The identifier of an Observatory resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="spase:typeID"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Observatory
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The host (spacecraft, network, facility) for instruments making observations, or a family of closely related hosts.
<xsd:simpleType name="ObservatoryGroupID"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The identifier of an Observatory resource which the referring resource is a member of.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="spase:typeID"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Location
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A position in space definable by a regional referencing system and geographic coordinates.
<xsd:complexType name="Location"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A position in space definable by a regional referencing system and geographic coordinates.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="ObservatoryRegion" type="spase:Region" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="CoordinateSystemName" type="spase:CoordinateSystemName" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Latitude" type="spase:Latitude" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Longitude" type="spase:Longitude" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Elevation" type="spase:Elevation" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:Latitude
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The angular distance north (positive) or south (negative) from the equator, measured along the meridian passing through the point.
<xsd:simpleType name="Latitude"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The angular distance north (positive) or south (negative) from the equator, measured along the meridian passing through the point.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:double"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Longitude
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The angular distance measured west (negative) or east (positive) from a north-south line called the Prime Meridian.
<xsd:simpleType name="Longitude"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The angular distance measured west (negative) or east (positive) from a north-south line called the Prime Meridian.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:double"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Elevation
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The distance in meters above (positive) or below (negative) the zero-elevation defined by the World Geodetic System reference frame (WGS84).
<xsd:simpleType name="Elevation"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The distance in meters above (positive) or below (negative) the zero-elevation defined by the World Geodetic System reference frame (WGS84).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:double"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="PersonName"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The words used to address an individual.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:OrganizationName
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A unit within a company or other entity (e.g., government agency or branch of service) within which many projects are managed as a whole.
<xsd:simpleType name="OrganizationName"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A unit within a company or other entity (e.g., government agency or branch of service) within which many projects are managed as a whole.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Address
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Directions for finding some location written on letters or packages that are to be delivered to that location.
<xsd:simpleType name="Address"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Directions for finding some location written on letters or packages that are to be delivered to that location.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Email
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The electronic address at which the individual may be contacted expressed in the form "local-part@domain".
<xsd:simpleType name="Email"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The electronic address at which the individual may be contacted expressed in the form "local-part@domain".</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:PhoneNumber
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The symbols and numerals required to contact an individual by telephone. The string may contain punctuation marks such as dash "-" or dot "." to separate fields within the string.
<xsd:simpleType name="PhoneNumber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The symbols and numerals required to contact an individual by telephone. The string may contain punctuation marks such as dash "-" or dot "." to separate fields within the string.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:FaxNumber
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The symbols and numerals required to send a facsimile (FAX) to an individual by telephone. The string may contain punctuation marks such as dash "-" or dot "." to separate fields within the string.
<xsd:simpleType name="FaxNumber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The symbols and numerals required to send a facsimile (FAX) to an individual by telephone. The string may contain punctuation marks such as dash "-" or dot "." to separate fields within the string.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ORCIdentifier
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
An Open Researcher Contributor (ORC) identifier which is a unique alphanumeric string assigned by a registration agency (https://orcid.org/) to identify an individual. It has the format XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX.
<xsd:simpleType name="ORCIdentifier"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An Open Researcher Contributor (ORC) identifier which is a unique alphanumeric string assigned by a registration agency (https://orcid.org/) to identify an individual. It has the format XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Registry
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A location or facility where resources are cataloged.
<xsd:simpleType name="ImageURL"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A URL to graphic, image or movie.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:anyURI"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:AnnotationType
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for an classification of an annotation.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Anomaly
An interval where measurements or observations may be adversely affected.
enumeration
Event
An action or observation which occurs at a point in time.
enumeration
Feature
A prominent or distinctive characteristic that occurs at a location or persists over a period of time.
<xsd:simpleType name="AnnotationType"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for an classification of an annotation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Anomaly"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An interval where measurements or observations may be adversely affected.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Event"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An action or observation which occurs at a point in time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Feature"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A prominent or distinctive characteristic that occurs at a location or persists over a period of time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ClassificationMethod
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the technique used to determine the characteristics of an object.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Automatic
Determined by the analysis or assessment performed by a program or server.
enumeration
Inferred
Determined by the analysis of other information or resources.
enumeration
Inspection
Determined by the analysis or assessment performed by a person.
<xsd:simpleType name="ClassificationMethod"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the technique used to determine the characteristics of an object.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Automatic"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Determined by the analysis or assessment performed by a program or server.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Inferred"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Determined by the analysis of other information or resources.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Inspection"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Determined by the analysis or assessment performed by a person.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ConfidenceRating
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the classification of the certainty of an assertion.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Probable
Likely given the available evidence. Considered in the range of 4 to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10.
enumeration
Strong
Highly likely given the available evidence. Considered in the range of 7 to 10 on a scale of 0 to 10.
enumeration
Unlikely
Not likely given the available evidence. Considered equal to 0 on a scale of 0 to 10.
enumeration
Weak
Slightly likely given the available evidence. Considered in the range of 1 to 4 on a scale of 0 to 10.
<xsd:simpleType name="ConfidenceRating"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the classification of the certainty of an assertion.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Probable"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Likely given the available evidence. Considered in the range of 4 to 7 on a scale of 0 to 10.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Strong"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Highly likely given the available evidence. Considered in the range of 7 to 10 on a scale of 0 to 10.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Unlikely"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Not likely given the available evidence. Considered equal to 0 on a scale of 0 to 10.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Weak"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Slightly likely given the available evidence. Considered in the range of 1 to 4 on a scale of 0 to 10.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="StartLocation"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The initial position in space.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="StopLocation"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The final position in space.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Document
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A set of information designed and presented as an individual entity. A document may contain plain or formatted text, in-line graphics, sound, other multimedia data, or hypermedia references. A Document resource is intended for use on digital objects that have no other identifier (e.g., DOI or ISBN).
<xsd:complexType name="Document"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of information designed and presented as an individual entity. A document may contain plain or formatted text, in-line graphics, sound, other multimedia data, or hypermedia references. A Document resource is intended for use on digital objects that have no other identifier (e.g., DOI or ISBN).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="ResourceID" type="spase:ResourceID" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ResourceHeader" type="spase:ResourceHeader" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="AccessInformation" type="spase:AccessInformation" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Keyword" type="spase:Keyword" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="DocumentType" type="spase:DocumentType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="MIMEType" type="spase:MIMEType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="InputResourceID" type="spase:InputResourceID" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:DocumentType
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the characterization of the content or purpose of a document.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Convention
A set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted approaches or methods of adopting a standard or implementing an approach.
enumeration
Other
Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.
enumeration
Policy
A deliberate system of principles to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent, and is implemented as a procedure or protocol.
enumeration
Poster
A set of information arranged on a single page or sheet, typically in a large format.
enumeration
Presentation
A set of information that is used when communicating to an audience.
enumeration
Report
A document which describes the findings of some individual or group.
enumeration
Specification
A detailed description of the requirements and other aspects of an object or component that may be used to develop an implementation.
enumeration
TechnicalNote
A document summarizing the performance and other technical characteristics of a product, machine, component, subsystem or software in sufficient detail to be used by an engineer or researcher.
enumeration
WhitePaper
An authoritative report giving information or proposals on an issue.
<xsd:simpleType name="DocumentType"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the characterization of the content or purpose of a document.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Convention"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of agreed, stipulated, or generally accepted approaches or methods of adopting a standard or implementing an approach.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Other"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Policy"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A deliberate system of principles to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent, and is implemented as a procedure or protocol.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Poster"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of information arranged on a single page or sheet, typically in a large format.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Presentation"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of information that is used when communicating to an audience.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Report"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A document which describes the findings of some individual or group.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Specification"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A detailed description of the requirements and other aspects of an object or component that may be used to develop an implementation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TechnicalNote"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A document summarizing the performance and other technical characteristics of a product, machine, component, subsystem or software in sufficient detail to be used by an engineer or researcher.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="WhitePaper"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An authoritative report giving information or proposals on an issue.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:MIMEType
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) type and sub-type which characterizes the format of a file. MIME media types are defined in RFC memorandum number 2046 (RFC 2046). Current MIME types are maintained by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) at http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/index.html. Commonly used MIME types are: application/vnd.ms-powerpoint (ppt, pptx), application/vnd.ms-excel (xls, xlsx), text/richtext (rtx), application/postscript (eps, ps), application/pdf (pdf), application/xml-dtd (dtd), text/html (htm, html), text/xml (xsl, xml, xsd), application/x-dvi (dvi). If a document is compressed the specified MIME type should be for the uncompressed document.
<xsd:simpleType name="MIMEType"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) type and sub-type which characterizes the format of a file. MIME media types are defined in RFC memorandum number 2046 (RFC 2046). Current MIME types are maintained by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) at http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/index.html. Commonly used MIME types are: application/vnd.ms-powerpoint (ppt, pptx), application/vnd.ms-excel (xls, xlsx), text/richtext (rtx), application/postscript (eps, ps), application/pdf (pdf), application/xml-dtd (dtd), text/html (htm, html), text/xml (xsl, xml, xsd), application/x-dvi (dvi). If a document is compressed the specified MIME type should be for the uncompressed document.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Software
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
An application which can be installed, built or readily used.
<xsd:complexType name="Software"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An application which can be installed, built or readily used.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="ResourceID" type="spase:ResourceID" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ResourceHeader" type="spase:ResourceHeader" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="AccessInformation" type="spase:AccessInformation" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="SoftwareVersion" type="spase:SoftwareVersion" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ApplicationInterface" type="spase:ApplicationInterface" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="CodeLanguage" type="spase:CodeLanguage" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Prerequisites" type="spase:Prerequisites" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="ExecutionEnvironment" type="spase:ExecutionEnvironment" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"><xsd:element name="InputProperty" type="spase:InputProperty"/><xsd:element name="OutputProperty" type="spase:OutputProperty"/></xsd:choice></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:SoftwareVersion
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Describes the edition of the software release. The formation rule for the version may vary between software packages. It is intended to aid in queries to the software provider regarding the software.
<xsd:simpleType name="SoftwareVersion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Describes the edition of the software release. The formation rule for the version may vary between software packages. It is intended to aid in queries to the software provider regarding the software.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ApplicationInterface
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the type of interface for the application.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
CLI
A command-line interface (CLI) is a form of interface where input to an application is provided as lines of text typically within a shell.
enumeration
GUI
A graphical user interface (GUI) is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with an application through graphical icons, forms and other elements with both a keyboard and a pointing device.
enumeration
API
An application programming interface (API) is a form of interface that allows applications to access the features or data of an operating system, application, or other service. An API may have a required protocol or set of principles. Some examples of protocols are SOAP, XML-RPC and JSON-RPC. An example of an API with a set of principles is REST.
<xsd:simpleType name="ApplicationInterface"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the type of interface for the application.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="CLI"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A command-line interface (CLI) is a form of interface where input to an application is provided as lines of text typically within a shell.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="GUI"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A graphical user interface (GUI) is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with an application through graphical icons, forms and other elements with both a keyboard and a pointing device.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="API"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An application programming interface (API) is a form of interface that allows applications to access the features or data of an operating system, application, or other service. An API may have a required protocol or set of principles. Some examples of protocols are SOAP, XML-RPC and JSON-RPC. An example of an API with a set of principles is REST.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:CodeLanguage
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A formal language, which comprises a set of instructions that produce various kinds of output.
<xsd:simpleType name="CodeLanguage"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A formal language, which comprises a set of instructions that produce various kinds of output.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Prerequisites
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A thing that is required to be installed on your computer in order to run or compile the software.
<xsd:simpleType name="Prerequisites"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A thing that is required to be installed on your computer in order to run or compile the software.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:ExecutionEnvironment
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
An execution platform for software which includes an operating system and necessary hardware.
<xsd:simpleType name="OperatingSystem"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The software that supports the basic functions of a computer, such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:Installer
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A piece of software that installs a program or package on a system.
<xsd:complexType name="Installer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A piece of software that installs a program or package on a system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Availability" type="spase:Availability" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="AccessRights" type="spase:AccessRights" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Acknowledgement" type="spase:Acknowledgement" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="URL" type="spase:URL" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
<xsd:simpleType name="Cores"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An application processor that is part of a CPU.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:double"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Storage
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The component of your computer that allows you to store and access data on a long-term basis. Indicate units with standard byte scales such as KB, MB, GB, TB and PB.
<xsd:simpleType name="Storage"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The component of your computer that allows you to store and access data on a long-term basis. Indicate units with standard byte scales such as KB, MB, GB, TB and PB.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Memory
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The component of your computer that allows you to store and access data on a short-term basis, typically the amount of RAM. Indicate units with standard byte scales such as KB, MB, GB, TB and PB.
<xsd:simpleType name="Memory"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The component of your computer that allows you to store and access data on a short-term basis, typically the amount of RAM. Indicate units with standard byte scales such as KB, MB, GB, TB and PB.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:InputProperty
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A container of attributes regarding an input property of an application.
<xsd:complexType name="OutputProperty"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A container of attributes regarding an output property of an application.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Name" type="spase:Name" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Description" type="spase:Description" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Caveats" type="spase:Caveats" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Units" type="spase:Units" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ValidMin" type="spase:ValidMin" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ValidMax" type="spase:ValidMax" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Complex Type spase:Collection
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
An aggregation of resources, which may encompass collections of one resource type as well as those of mixed types. A collection is described as a group. Its parts may also be separately described. An example is an experiment which uses the data from multiple instruments (or sensors). Another example is a research effort that uses a set of display images of the Sun and Energetic particle data from the corresponding times for the images, and FITS files of AIA images, etc. All the resources that are part of the research effort can be described as a Collection. Yet another example is a coordinated set of time series used for determining an index.
<xsd:complexType name="Collection"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An aggregation of resources, which may encompass collections of one resource type as well as those of mixed types. A collection is described as a group. Its parts may also be separately described. An example is an experiment which uses the data from multiple instruments (or sensors). Another example is a research effort that uses a set of display images of the Sun and Energetic particle data from the corresponding times for the images, and FITS files of AIA images, etc. All the resources that are part of the research effort can be described as a Collection. Yet another example is a coordinated set of time series used for determining an index.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="ResourceID" type="spase:ResourceID" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ResourceHeader" type="spase:ResourceHeader" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="AccessInformation" type="spase:AccessInformation" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Member" type="spase:Member" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Extension" type="spase:Extension" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Complex Type spase:Member
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A constituent part of a collection. A Member is of a one of the supported resource types and in referenced by an identifier. Details about the member are part of its respective resource description.
<xsd:complexType name="Member"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A constituent part of a collection. A Member is of a one of the supported resource types and in referenced by an identifier. Details about the member are part of its respective resource description.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="ResourceName" type="spase:ResourceName" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Description" type="spase:Description" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="MemberID" type="spase:MemberID" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="StartDate" type="spase:StartDate" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="StopDate" type="spase:StopDate" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="SpatialCoverage" type="spase:SpatialCoverage" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
<xsd:simpleType name="MemberID"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The identifier of a resource.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="spase:typeID"/></xsd:simpleType>
Attributes of the resource which pertain to how to accessing the resource, availability and storage format. This resource class is an exact copy of the AccessInformation container. However, as its name suggests, AccessInformationOptional is not a required element.
<xsd:complexType name="AccessInformationOptional"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Attributes of the resource which pertain to how to accessing the resource, availability and storage format. This resource class is an exact copy of the AccessInformation container. However, as its name suggests, AccessInformationOptional is not a required element.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="RepositoryID" type="spase:RepositoryID" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Availability" type="spase:Availability" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="AccessRights" type="spase:AccessRights" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="AccessURL" type="spase:AccessURL" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Format" type="spase:Format" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Encoding" type="spase:Encoding" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="AccessDirectoryTemplate" type="spase:AccessDirectoryTemplate" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="AccessFilenameTemplate" type="spase:AccessFilenameTemplate" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="DataExtent" type="spase:DataExtent" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Acknowledgement" type="spase:Acknowledgement" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Complex Type spase:Versions
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A container of one or more sets of version information.
<xsd:complexType name="Versions"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A container of one or more sets of version information.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="ModelVersion" type="spase:ModelVersion" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
<xsd:simpleType name="VersionTag"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The text string for a version indicator.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ModelType
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A characterization of the numerical scheme used in the model.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Empirical
Information obtained through observation, experiment, or experience.
enumeration
Hybrid
A numerical scheme modeling ions as particles and electrons as a fluid.
enumeration
MHD
Hydrodynamic waves in a magnetized plasma in which the background magnetic field plays a key role in controlling the wave propagation characteristics.
enumeration
PIC
A numerical scheme modeling ions and electrons as macroparticles.
enumeration
Paraboloid
A shape generated by the rotation of a parabola around its axis of symmetry.
enumeration
TestParticle
A numerical scheme modeling the motion of charged particles in a prescribed field.
<xsd:simpleType name="ModelType"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A characterization of the numerical scheme used in the model.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Empirical"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Information obtained through observation, experiment, or experience.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Hybrid"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A numerical scheme modeling ions as particles and electrons as a fluid.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MHD"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Hydrodynamic waves in a magnetized plasma in which the background magnetic field plays a key role in controlling the wave propagation characteristics.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PIC"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A numerical scheme modeling ions and electrons as macroparticles.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Paraboloid"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A shape generated by the rotation of a parabola around its axis of symmetry.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TestParticle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A numerical scheme modeling the motion of charged particles in a prescribed field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="YN"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Yes or No</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="No"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The negative response to a yes or no question.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Yes"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The affirmative response to a yes or no question.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:SpatialDescription
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A characterization of the spatial extent over which the measurement was taken.
<xsd:simpleType name="Dimension"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of items along one axis.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:integer"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:CoordinatesLabel
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A string list of the labels of each dimension of the spatial domain.
<xsd:simpleType name="CoordinatesLabel"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A string list of the labels of each dimension of the spatial domain.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:CutsDescription
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A description of the configuration of the set of 2-D array points that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points located in a planar slice of a model volume.
<xsd:simpleType name="CutsDescription"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A description of the configuration of the set of 2-D array points that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points located in a planar slice of a model volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:CubesDescription
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A description of the configuration of the set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a model volume.
<xsd:simpleType name="CubesDescription"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A description of the configuration of the set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a model volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:PlaneNormalVector
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A list of the component in each dimension of the vector normal to a plane.
<xsd:simpleType name="PlaneNormalVector"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A list of the component in each dimension of the vector normal to a plane.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:PlanePoint
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A list of the component in each dimension of a point in plane.
<xsd:simpleType name="PlanePoint"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A list of the component in each dimension of a point in plane.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Step
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Spatial step between two elements of the diagnosis.
<xsd:simpleType name="Step"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Spatial step between two elements of the diagnosis.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ModeledRegion
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for areas of the physical world which may be occupied or observed.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Asteroid
A small extraterrestrial body consisting mostly of rock and metal that is in orbit around the Sun.
enumeration
Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
enumeration
Comet
A relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit.
enumeration
Comet.1PHalley
1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.
enumeration
Comet.26PGriggSkjellerup
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.
enumeration
Comet.67PChuryumovGerasimenko
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.
enumeration
Earth
The third planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosheath
The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Earth.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Earth.Moon
The only natural satellite of the Earth.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface
The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Atmosphere
The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.AuroralRegion
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.EquatorialRegion
A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion
A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside
The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.PolarCap
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion
The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Stratosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Thermosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.
enumeration
Earth.NearSurface.Troposphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.
enumeration
Earth.Surface
The outermost area of a solid object.
enumeration
Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
enumeration
Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
enumeration
Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
enumeration
Heliosphere
The solar atmosphere extending roughly from the outer corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.
enumeration
Heliosphere.Heliosheath
The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.
enumeration
Heliosphere.Inner
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.
enumeration
Heliosphere.NearEarth
The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.
enumeration
Heliosphere.Outer
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.
enumeration
Heliosphere.Remote1AU
A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.
enumeration
Incident
Direction-dependent property.
enumeration
Interstellar
The region between stars outside of any stellar heliopause.
enumeration
Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
enumeration
Jupiter
The fifth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Jupiter.Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
enumeration
Jupiter.Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
enumeration
Jupiter.Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
enumeration
Jupiter.Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
enumeration
Jupiter.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Mars
The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Mars.Deimos
The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Mars.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Mars.Phobos
The larger and inner most moon of Mars.
enumeration
Mercury
The first planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Mercury.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Neptune
The seventh planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Neptune.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Neptune.Proteus
The second largest moon of Neptune.
enumeration
Neptune.Triton
The largest moon of Neptune.
enumeration
Planet
A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor a stellar remnant. In August 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined that in the Solar System a planet is a celestial body that satisfies the following criteria (1) is in orbit around the Sun, (2) has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape), and (3) has "cleared the neighborhood" around its orbit. This definition is still controversial to this day. Many members of the community believe that Pluto, which was demoted to the status dwarf planet, should maintain its planet status.
enumeration
Pluto
The ninth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
enumeration
Saturn
The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Saturn.Dione
The fourth largest moon of Saturn.
enumeration
Saturn.Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
enumeration
Saturn.Iapetus
The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Saturn.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Saturn.Mimas
The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.
enumeration
Saturn.Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
enumeration
Saturn.Tethys
The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.
enumeration
Saturn.Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
enumeration
Sun
The star upon which our solar system is centered.
enumeration
Sun.Chromosphere
The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.
enumeration
Sun.Corona
The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.
enumeration
Sun.Interior
The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.
enumeration
Sun.Photosphere
The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.
enumeration
Sun.TransitionRegion
A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.
enumeration
Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
enumeration
Title
The name of a published composition, set or data, images or other work.
enumeration
Uranus
The eighth planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Uranus.Ariel
The fourth largest moon of Uranus.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Uranus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Uranus.Miranda
The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.
enumeration
Uranus.Oberon
The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.
enumeration
Uranus.Puck
The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.
enumeration
Uranus.Titania
The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.
enumeration
Uranus.Umbriel
The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.
enumeration
Venus
The second planet from the Sun in our solar system.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Venus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
<xsd:simpleType name="ModeledRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for areas of the physical world which may be occupied or observed.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Asteroid"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A small extraterrestrial body consisting mostly of rock and metal that is in orbit around the Sun.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Callisto"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Comet"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Comet.1PHalley"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Comet.26PGriggSkjellerup"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Comet.67PChuryumovGerasimenko"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The third planet from the Sun in our solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Magnetosheath"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Moon"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The only natural satellite of the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Atmosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.AuroralRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.EquatorialRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Mesosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.PolarCap"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Stratosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Thermosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.NearSurface.Troposphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Earth.Surface"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The outermost area of a solid object.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Enceladus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Europa"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Ganymede"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Heliosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The solar atmosphere extending roughly from the outer corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Heliosphere.Heliosheath"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Heliosphere.Inner"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Heliosphere.NearEarth"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Heliosphere.Outer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Heliosphere.Remote1AU"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Incident"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Direction-dependent property.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Interstellar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region between stars outside of any stellar heliopause.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Io"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The fifth planet from the Sun in our solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Callisto"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Europa"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Ganymede"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Io"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Jupiter.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The fourth planet from the Sun in our solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars.Deimos"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars.Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars.Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars.Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mars.Phobos"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The larger and inner most moon of Mars.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mercury"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The first planet from the Sun in our solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mercury.Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mercury.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mercury.Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mercury.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mercury.Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mercury.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mercury.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The seventh planet from the Sun in our solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune.Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune.Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune.Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune.Proteus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The second largest moon of Neptune.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neptune.Triton"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The largest moon of Neptune.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Planet"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor a stellar remnant. In August 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined that in the Solar System a planet is a celestial body that satisfies the following criteria (1) is in orbit around the Sun, (2) has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape), and (3) has "cleared the neighborhood" around its orbit. This definition is still controversial to this day. Many members of the community believe that Pluto, which was demoted to the status dwarf planet, should maintain its planet status.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Pluto"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ninth planet from the Sun in our solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Rhea"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The sixth planet from the Sun in our solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Dione"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The fourth largest moon of Saturn.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Enceladus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Iapetus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Mimas"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Rhea"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Tethys"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Saturn.Titan"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Sun"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The star upon which our solar system is centered.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Sun.Chromosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Sun.Corona"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Sun.Interior"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Sun.Photosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Sun.TransitionRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Titan"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Title"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The name of a published composition, set or data, images or other work.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The eighth planet from the Sun in our solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Ariel"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The fourth largest moon of Uranus.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Miranda"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Oberon"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Puck"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Titania"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Uranus.Umbriel"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Venus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The second planet from the Sun in our solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Venus.Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Venus.Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Venus.Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Venus.Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Venus.Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Venus.Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Venus.Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
A set of 2-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points located in a planar slice of a model volume.
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3DCubes
A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a model volume.
enumeration
ACElectricField
Alternating electric field component of a wave.
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ACMagneticField
Alternating magnetic field component of a wave.
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Absorption
Decrease of radiant energy (relative to the background continuum spectrum).
enumeration
ActivityIndex
An indication, derived from one or more measurements, of the level of activity of an object or region, such as sunspot number, F10.7 flux, Dst, or the Polar Cap Indices.
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AdiabaticInvariant
A property of a physical system usually related to periodic phenomena that remains constant under slowly varying conditions.
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AdiabaticInvariant.MagneticMoment
A constant of motion related to the gyromotion of a particle in a magnetic field that is either static or slowly varying with respect to the gyroperiod. The magnetic moment is usually denoted by using the lower-case Greek letter for mu, μ, and can be calculated by using μ=m(u^2/2B) where m is the particle mass, u is the velocity of the particle perpendicular to the constant or average magnetic field direction, and B is the magnitude of the magnetic field strength.
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AdiabaticInvariant.BounceMotion
The second adiabatic invariant is associated with periodic bounce motion of charged particles trapped between two magnetic mirrors on a magnetic field line. The second invariant, termed J, is defined by using the integral J=m ∫ v||*ds where m is the mass of the charged particle, v|| is the particle velocity along the field line, and ds represents elemental arc lengths along the field line. The second adiabatic invariant is conserved as long as changes in the background magnetic field occur at time scales much longer than the bounce time of the charged particles.
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AdiabaticInvariant.DriftMotion
The third invariant for charged particle motion in a dipolar magnetic field is associated with drift of its guiding center in the equatorial plane. The conserved quantity, J<sub>2</sub>, is equal to qφ where q is the particle charge and φ is the magnetic flux enclosed within the particle drift path.
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Aerosol
A suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in a gas.
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AkasofuEpsilon
A measure of the magnetopause energy flux and an indicator of the solar wind power available for subsequent magnetospheric energization. Defined as: V*B^2*l^2sin(theta/2)^4 where B is the IMF, l is an empirical scaling parameter equal to 7 R<sub>E</sub>, and theta=tan(By/Bz)^-1 the IMF clock angle.
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Albedo
The ratio of reflected radiation from the surface to incident radiation upon it.
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AlfvenMachNumber
The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the Alfven speed.
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AlfvenVelocity
Phase velocity of the Alfven wave. In SI units it is the velocity of the magnetic field divided by the square root of the mass density times the permeability of free space (μ<sub>0</sub>).
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AlphaParticle
A positively charged nuclear particle that consists of two protons and two neutrons.
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Antenna
A sensor used to measure electric potential.
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ArrivalDirection
An angular measure of the direction from which an energetic particle or photon was incident on a detector. The angles may be measured in any coordinate system.
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Atom
Matter consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons which has no net charge.
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AtomicNumberDetected
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom as determined by a detector.
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AverageChargeState
A measure of the composite deficit (positive) or excess (negative) of electrons with respect to protons.
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AzimuthAngle
The angle between the projection into the I-J plane of a position or measured vector and the I-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(J/I). This term could be also applied to angles measured in different planes, i.e., the IMF clock angle defined as arctan(|By|/Bz).
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CaK
A spectrum with a wavelength of range centered near 393.5 nm. VSO nickname: Ca-K image with range of 391.9 nm to 395.2 nm.
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Channeltron
An instrument that detects electrons, ions, and ultraviolet radiation, according to the principle of a secondary emission multiplier. It is typically used in electron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
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ChargeExchange
Chemical process involving a charge transfer from an ion (which becomes neutral) to a neutral (which becomes ionized).
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ChargeFlux
The number of ionized particles passing through a unit area per unit time, for instance as measured by a Faraday cup.
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ChargeState
Charge of a fully or partially stripped ion, in units of the charge of a proton. Charge state of a bare proton is equal to one.
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Coronograph
An instrument which can image things very close to the Sun by using a disk to block the bright surface of the sun or a star that reveals the faint corona of the Sun or other celestial objects.
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CountRate
The number of events per unit time.
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Counts
The number of detection events occurring in a detector over the detector accumulation time.
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CrossSection
Cross section of the reaction, when the reaction implies the collision of two particles.
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Current
It is the scalar quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit time flowing across a given surface.
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CurrentDensity
It is the vector quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit cross-sectional area per unit time flowing through a given point. Measurements of current density are often provided in terms of the magnetic perturbations (superposed upon a background magnetic field, if present) associated with the current density.
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DataQuality
An ancillary parameter that denotes the standard or degree of accuracy, trustworthiness, or usefulness of another parameter.
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DissociativeRecombination
Chemical process by which an ion is neutralized by capturing an electron, and splits in two new neutral species.
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DopplerFrequency
Change in the frequency of a propagating wave due to motion of the source, the observer, the reflector, or the propagation medium.
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Dopplergram
A map or image depicting the spatial distribution of line-of-sight velocities of the observed object.
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DoubleSphere
A dipole antenna of which the active (sensor) elements are small spheres located at the ends of two wires deployed in the equatorial plane, on opposite sides of a spinning spacecraft.
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Dust
Free microscopic particles of solid material.
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DustDetector
An instrument which determines the mass and speed of ambient dust particles.
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DynamicPressure
Dynamic pressure is a measure of the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid. For instance, the solar wind dynamic pressure or ram pressure for a purely proton plasma is equal to m<sub>p</sub> n V<sup>2</sup> where m<sub>p</sub> is the proton mass, n is the proton number density, and V is the solar wind speed.
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Electric
The physical attribute that exerts an electrical force.
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ElectricField
A region of space around a charged particle, or between two voltages within which a force is exerted on charged objects in its vicinity. An electric field is the electric force per unit charge.
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Electromagnetic
Electric and magnetic field variations in time and space that propagate through a medium or a vacuum. The wave propagation direction, electric field vector, and magnetic field vector form an orthogonal triad. Waves in this category are detected by having their field quantities measured.
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Electron
An elementary particle that has a negative charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 9.10938*10^-31 kg.
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ElectronDriftInstrument
An active experiment to measure the electron drift velocity based on sensing the displacement of a weak beam of electrons after one gyration in the ambient magnetic field.
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ElectronImpact
Chemical process by which a neutral is ionized thanks to the energy from the impact of an electron.
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Electrostatic
Collective longitudinal electric-field and plasma oscillations trapped within a body of plasma.
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ElectrostaticAnalyser
An instrument which uses charged plates to analyze the mass, charge and kinetic energies of charged particles which enter the instrument.
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ElevationAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the I-J plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(K/sqrt(I^2+J^2)).
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Emissivity
The energy emitted spontaneously per unit bandwidth (typically frequency) per unit time per unit mass of source. Emissivity is usually integrated over all directions/solid angles.
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EnergeticParticleInstrument
An instrument that measures fluxes of charged particles as a function of time, direction of motion, mass, charge and/or species.
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EnergeticParticles
Pieces of matter that are moving very fast. Energetic particles include protons, electrons, neutrons, neutrinos, the nuclei of atoms, and other sub-atomic particles.
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Energy
The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic energy).
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EnergyDensity
The amount of energy per unit volume.
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EnergyFlux
The amount of energy passing through a unit area in a unit time.
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EnergyPerCharge
The kinetic energy, E, per unit net charge, q, that is E/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.
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Entropy
A function of thermodynamic quantity, such as temperature, pressure, or composition, that is a measure of the energy that is not available for work during a thermodynamic process. It is often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.
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Ephemeris
The spatial coordinates of a body as a function of time. When used as an Instrument Type it represents the process or methods used to generate spatial coordinates.
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EquivalentWidth
The spectral width of a total absorption line having the amount of absorbed radiant energy being equivalent to that in an observed absorption line.
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Experiment
A collection of components which are designed to make coordinated observations of a phenomenon or object. Projects and missions may refer to an "experiment" by other names such as a "suite".
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ExtremeUltraviolet
A spectrum with a wavelength range of 10 nm to 125 nm. VSO nickname: EUV image with a range of 10 nm to 125 nm.
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FarUltraviolet
A spectrum with a wavelength range of 122 nm to 200 nm. VSO nickname: FUV image with a range of 122 nm to 200 nm.
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FaradayCup
An instrument consisting of an electrode from which electrical current is measured while a charged particle beam (electrons or ions) impinges on it. Used to determine energy spectrum and sometimes ion composition of the impinging particles.
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FlowSpeed
The rate at which particles or energy is passing through a unit area in a unit time.
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FlowVelocity
The volume of matter passing through a unit area perpendicular to the direction of flow in a unit of time.
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Fluence
The time integral of a flux. A fluence is a not a measurement of flux per unit time.
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FluxFeedback
A search coil whose bandwidth and signal/noise ratio are increased by the application of negative feedback at the sensor (flux) level by driving a collocated coil with a signal from the preamplifier.
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FourierTransformSpectrograph
An instrument that determines the spectra of a radiative source, using time domain measurements and a Fourier transform.
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Frequency
The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time.
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FrequencyToGyrofrequencyRatio
The ratio of the characteristic frequency of a medium to gyrofrequency of a particle.
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GammaRays
Photons with a wavelength range: 0.00001 nm to 0.001 nm.
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GeigerMuellerTube
An instrument which measures density of ionizing radiation based on interactions with a gas.
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GeometricFactor
A measure of the gathering power of a particle detector. The geometric factor can be used to correct particle measurements by accounting for the fact that only a fraction of the source particles is able to gain entry through the aperture of a detector. For an isotopic source distribution, the geometric factor corresponds to the solid angle subtended by the aperture. In practice, determination of the geometric factor requires numerical modeling and depends on detector design and the characteristics of the source.
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Gyrofrequency
The number of gyrations around a magnetic guiding center (field line) a charged particle makes per unit time due to the Lorentz force.
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Halpha
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 656.3 nm. VSO nickname: H-alpha image with a spectrum range of 655.8 nm to 656.8 nm.
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HardXRays
Photons with a wavelength range: 0.001 nm to 0.1 nm and an energy range of 12 keV to 120 keV.
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He10830
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 1082.9 nm. VSO nickname: an He 10830 image with a range of 1082.5 nm to 1083.3 nm.
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He304
A spectrum centered around the resonance line of ionized helium at 304 Angstrom (30.4 nm).
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HeatFlux
Flow of thermal energy through a gas or plasma typically computed as third moment of a distribution function.
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Housekeeping
Parameters that indicate the status or health state of instruments or monitoring devices as measured in physical units such as that for current, voltage, or temperature. Housekeeping data can be analyzed to determine whether instruments are working correctly and the knowledge of their values may be used to avoid errors or even device failures.
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Hydrodynamic
Periodic or quasi-periodic oscillations of fluid quantities.
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IMFClockAngle
The clockwise angle of the direction of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) measured in the plane of the body pole perpendicular to the line between the body and the Sun.
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ImageIntensity
Measurements of the 2-D distribution of the intensity of photons from some region or object such as the Sun or the polar auroral regions, can be in any wavelength band, and polarized, etc.
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Imager
An instrument which samples the radiation from an area at one or more spectral ranges emitted or reflected by an object.
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ImagingSpectrometer
An instrument which is a multispectral scanner with a very large number of channels (typically from 64 channels up to 256 channels) with very narrow bandwidths.
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Infrared
Photons with a wavelength range: 760 nm to 10^6 nm.
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InstrumentMode
An indication of a state (mode) in which the instrument is operating. How a mode influences the interpretation and representation of data is described in instrument related documentation.
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InstrumentStatus
A quantity directly related to the operation or function of an instrument.
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Intensity
The measurement of radiant or wave energy per unit detector area per unit bandwidth per unit solid angle per unit time.
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Interferometer
An instrument to study the properties of two or more waves from the pattern of interference created by their superposition.
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Ion
An atom that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons (Note: Z>2).
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IonChamber
A device in which the collected electrical charge from ionization in a gas-filled cavity is taken to be the proportion to some parameter (e.g., dose or exposure) of radiation field.
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IonComposition
In situ measurements of the relative flux or density of electrically charged particles in the space environment. May give simple fluxes, but full distribution functions are sometimes measured.
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IonDrift
A device which measures the current produced by the displacement of ambient ions on a grid, thereby allowing the determination of the ion trajectory and velocity.
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IonGauge
A device which measures low-pressure or vacuum neutral gas with pressures ranging from 10^-3 Torr to 10^-10 Torr. An ion gauge is an electronic amplifying vacuum tube consisting of three electrodes inside an evacuated glass envelope, with the filament being the cathode.
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Irradiance
A radiometric term for the power of electromagnetic radiation at a surface, per unit area. Irradiance is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. Irradiance data may be reported in any units (i.e., counts/s) due to, for example, being at a particular wavelength, or to being a not fully calibrated relative measurement.
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K7699
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 769.9 nm. VSO nickname: K-7699 dopplergram with a range of 769.8 nm to 770.0 nm.
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LBHBand
Lyman-Birge-Hopfield band in the far ultraviolet range with wavelength range of 140 nm to 170 nm.
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LShell
The L-shell is the magnetic equatorial radius (in units of planetary radii) of a dipole magnetic field line. For instance, if the L-shell value equals 6 say at Earth, the magnetic field lines cross the magnetic equator at six Earth radii. The L-shell concept can be applied generally to any magnetized planet or satellite with a dominant dipolar magnetic field moment.
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LangmuirProbe
A monopole antenna associated with an instrument. The instrument applies a potential to the antenna which is swept to determine the voltage/current characteristic. This provides information about the plasma surrounding the probe and spacecraft.
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LineDepth
The measure of the amount of absorption below the continuum (depth) in a particular wavelength or frequency in an absorption spectrum.
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Lines
A set of 1-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points along a line though a model volume. For instance, the points of the line may correspond to the trajectory of a spacecraft through model space.
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LongWire
A dipole antenna constructed by two active sensing elements that are wires deployed in the equatorial plane on opposite sides of a spinning spacecraft. The, wire length is usually several times the spacecraft diameter.
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LowerHybridFrequency
Lower hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons and ions in a magnetized plasma. The propagation of lower hybrid waves must be close to perpendicular to the background magnetic field in so that electrons cannot move along field lines thus preventing wave growth. The lower hybrid frequency, φ<sub>LH</sub>, can be calculated by using φ<sub>LH</sub>=[(ω<sub>ce</sub>ω<sub>ci</sub>)<sup>-1</sup>+φ<sub>pi</sub><sup>-2</sup>]<sup>-1/2</sup> where ω<sub>ce</sub> and ω<sub>ci</sub> are the electron and ion cyclotron frequencies, respectively, and $phi;<sub>LH</sub> is the ion plasma frequency.
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MHD
Hydrodynamic waves in a magnetized plasma in which the background magnetic field plays a key role in controlling the wave propagation characteristics.
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Magnetic
The physical attribute attributed to a magnet or its equivalent.
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MagneticField
A region of space near a magnetized body where magnetic forces can be detected (as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting, etc.).
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Magnetogram
Measurements of the vector or line-of-sight magnetic field determined from remote sensing measurements of the detailed structure of spectral lines, including their splitting and polarization.
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Magnetograph
A special type of magnetometer that records a time plot of the local magnetic field near the instrument or a telescope capable of determining the magnetic field strength and/or direction on a distant object such as the Sun, using the Zeeman splitting or other spectral signatures of magnetization.
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Magnetometer
An instrument which measures the ambient magnetic field.
enumeration
MagnetosonicMachNumber
The ratio of the velocity of fast mode waves to the Alfven velocity.
enumeration
Mass
The measure of inertia (mass) of individual objects (e.g., aerosols).
enumeration
MassDensity
The mass of particles per unit volume.
enumeration
MassNumber
The total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus.
enumeration
MassPerCharge
The mass, m, per unit net charge, q, that is m/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.
enumeration
MassSpectrometer
An instrument which distinguishes chemical species in terms of their different isotopic masses.
enumeration
MicrochannelPlate
An instrument used for the detection of elementary particles, ions, ultraviolet rays and soft X-rays constructed from very thin conductive glass capillaries.
enumeration
Microwave
Photons with a wavelength range: 10^6 nm to 1.5*10^7 nm.
enumeration
ModeAmplitude
In helioseismology the magnitude of oscillation of waves of a particular geometry.
enumeration
Molecule
A group of atoms so united and combined by chemical affinity that they form a complete, integrated whole, being the smallest portion of any particular compound that can exist in a free state.
enumeration
MultispectralImager
An instrument which captures images at multiple spectral ranges.
enumeration
NaD
A spectrum with a wavelength range of centered at 589.3 nm. VSO nickname: Na-D image with a range of 588.8 nm to 589.8 nm.
enumeration
NeutralAtomImager
An instrument which measures the quantity and properties of neutral particles over a range of angles. Measured properties can include mass and energy.
enumeration
NeutralAtomImages
Measurements of neutral atom fluxes as a function of look direction often related to remote energetic charged particles that lose their charge through charge-exchange and then reach the detector on a line-of-sight trajectory.
enumeration
NeutralGas
Measurements of neutral atomic and molecular components of a gas.
enumeration
NeutralParticleDetector
An instrument which measures the quantity and properties of neutral particles. Measured properties can include mass and plasma bulk densities.
enumeration
Neutron
An elementary particle with neutral charge that is a constituent of atomic nuclei. Neutrons have a rest mass slightly large than that of a proton equal to about 1.67493*10^-24 kg.
enumeration
Ni6768
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 676.8 nm. VSO nickname: Ni-6768 dopplergram with a range of 676.7 nm to 676.9 nm.
enumeration
NumberDensity
The number of particles per unit volume.
enumeration
NumberFlux
The number of particles passing a unit area in unit time, possibly also per unit energy (or equivalent) and/or per unit look direction.
enumeration
Optical
Photons with a wavelength range: 380 nm to 760 nm.
enumeration
Orientation
The specification of the directional alignment of an object or measurement in a reference coordinate system. The orientation such as a spacecraft spin axis attitude is usually expressed as one or more angles relative to the basis axes of some specified physical space usually together with the date/time of the observation.
enumeration
Other
Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.
enumeration
ParticleCorrelator
An instrument which correlates particle flux to help identify wave/particle interactions.
enumeration
ParticleDetector
An instrument which detects particle flux!!!.
enumeration
ParticleRadius
The mean radius for a Gaussian distribution of particles with an axial ratio of 2 and a distribution width that varies as 0.5 radius. A value of zero means no cloud was detected.
enumeration
ParticleRigidity
The particle momentum per unit charge. The particle Rigidity, R, is equal to pc/Ze.
enumeration
PhaseSpaceDensity
The number of particles per unit volume in the six-dimensional space of position and velocity.
enumeration
PhotoIonization
Chemical process by which a neutral is ionized thanks to the energy from a photon.
enumeration
Photometer
An instrument which measures the strength of electromagnetic radiation within a spectral band which can range from ultraviolet to infrared and includes the visible spectrum.
enumeration
PhotomultiplierTube
A vacuum phototube that is an extremely sensitive detector of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum.
enumeration
Photon
Electromagnetic waves detected by techniques that utilize their corpuscular character (e.g., CCD, CMOS, or Photomultiplier).
enumeration
Photopolarimeter
An instrument which measures the intensity and polarization or radiant energy. A photopolarimeter is a combination of a photometer and a polarimeter.
enumeration
PlasmaBeta
The ratio of the plasma pressure (nkT) to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a single component plasma or the ratio of the plasma pressure sum over i of (n<sub>i</sub>kT<sub>i</sub>) for all species i to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a multi components plasma.
enumeration
PlasmaFrequency
A number density dependent characteristic frequency of a plasma.
enumeration
PlasmaWaves
Self-consistent collective oscillations of particles and fields (electric and magnetic) in a plasma.
enumeration
Platform
A collection of components which can be positioned and oriented as a single unit. A platform may contain other platforms. For example, a spacecraft is a platform which may have components that can be articulated and are also considered platforms.
enumeration
PolarAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k). This term could be also applied to angles between the vector and other components, for example the IMF cone angle defined as arccos(B<sub>x</sub>/B<sub>t</sub>).
enumeration
Polarization
Direction of the electric vector of an electromagnetic wave. The wave can be linearly polarized in any direction perpendicular to the direction of travel, circularly polarized (clockwise or counterclockwise), unpolarized, or mixtures of the above.
enumeration
Positional
The specification of the location of an object or measurement within a reference coordinate system. The position is usually expressed as a set of values corresponding to the location along a set of orthogonal axes together with the date/time of the observation.
enumeration
Positron
An elementary particle that has a positive charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 9.10938*10^-31 kg.
enumeration
Potential
The work required per unit charge to move a charge from a reference point to a point at infinity (electric potential is defined to be zero). The electric potential of a spacecraft is often referred to as the spacecraft potential. The spacecraft potential is the electric potential of the spacecraft relative to the potential of the nearby plasma. The spacecraft potential is non-zero because the spacecraft charges to the level that the emitted photoelectron flux going to infinity is balanced by the plasma electron flux to the spacecraft.
enumeration
PoyntingFlux
Electromagnetic energy flux transported by a wave characterized as the rate of energy transport per unit area per steradian.
enumeration
Pressure
The force per unit area exerted by a particle distribution or field.
enumeration
Profile
Measurements of a quantity as a function of height above an object such as the limb of a body.
enumeration
PropagationTime
Time difference between transmission and reception of a wave in an active wave experiment.
enumeration
ProportionalCounter
An instrument which measures energy of ionization radiation based on interactions with a gas.
enumeration
Proton
An elementary particle that is a constituent of all atomic nuclei. Protons have a positive charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 1.67262*10^-27 kg.
enumeration
QuadrisphericalAnalyser
An instrument used for the 3-D detection of plasma, energetic electrons and ions, and for positive ion composition measurements.
enumeration
Radar
An instrument that uses directional properties of returned power to infer spatial and/or other characteristics of a remote object.
enumeration
Radiance
A radiometric measurement that describes the amount of electromagnetic radiation that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle in a specified direction. They are used to characterize both emission from diffuse sources and reflection from diffuse surfaces.
enumeration
RadioFrequency
Photons with a wavelength range: 10^5 nm to 10^11 nm.
enumeration
Radiometer
An instrument for detecting or measuring radiant energy. Radiometers are commonly limited to infrared radiation.
enumeration
Rate
Reaction rate: reaction production per unit of time.
enumeration
Remark
A notice, comment, or observation.
enumeration
ResonanceSounder
A combination of a radio receiver and a pulsed transmitter used to study the plasma surrounding a spacecraft by identifying resonances or cut-offs (of the wave dispersion relation), whose frequencies are related to the ambient plasma density and magnetic field. When the transmitter is off it is essentially a high-frequency resolution spectral power receiver.
enumeration
RetardingPotentialAnalyser
An instrument which measures ion temperatures and ion concentrations using a planar ion trap.
enumeration
Riometer
An instrument which measures the signal strength in various directions of the galactic radio signals. Variations in these signals are influenced by solar flare activity and geomagnetic storm and substorm processes.
enumeration
RotationMatrix
A tensor that is used to perform vector data transformation from one coordinate system to another.
enumeration
SPICE
SPICE is an ancillary information system that provides scientists and engineers the capability to include space geometry and event data into mission design, science observation planning, and science data analysis software. The staff of the NASA Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility, NAIF, which is located at JPL provides SPICE support for planetary, heliophysics, and Earth science missions, see https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/index.html. This SPICE has been adapted from text on NAF hosted web pages.
enumeration
ScintillationDetector
An instrument which detects fluorescence of a material which is excited by high-energy (ionizing) electromagnetic or charged particle radiation.
enumeration
SearchCoil
An instrument which measures the time variation of the magnetic flux threading a loop by measurement of the electric potential difference induced between the ends of the wire.
enumeration
SoftXRays
X-Rays with an energy range of 0.12 keV to 12 keV.
enumeration
SolarUVFlux
The amount of ultraviolet energy originating from the Sun passing through a unit area in a unit time.
enumeration
SolidStateDetector
A detector of the charge carriers (electrons and holes) generated in semiconductors by energy deposited by gamma ray photons. Also known as a semiconductor detector".
enumeration
SonicMachNumber
The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the speed of sound in the medium.
enumeration
SoundSpeed
The speed at which sound travels through a medium.
enumeration
Sounder
An instrument which measures the radiances from an object. A sounder may measure radiances at multiple spectral ranges.
enumeration
SpacecraftPotentialControl
An instrument to control the electric potential of a spacecraft with respect to the ambient plasma by emitting a variable current of positive ions.
enumeration
SpatialSeries
A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a spacial volume.
enumeration
Spectra
A term that applies to any signal that can be measured or decomposed along a continuous variable such as the electromagnetic radiation which can be decomposed as a function of wavelength or frequency.
enumeration
SpectralPowerReceiver
A radio receiver which determines the power spectral density of the electric or magnetic field, or both, at one or more frequencies.
enumeration
Spectrometer
An instrument that measures the component wavelengths of light (or other electromagnetic radiation) by splitting the light up into its component wavelengths.
enumeration
Spectrum
The distribution of a characteristic of a physical system or phenomenon, such as the energy emitted by a radiant source, arranged in the order of wavelengths.
enumeration
SpinPeriod
The time required for an object such as a spacecraft or planet to perform one full rotation in a given frame of reference.
enumeration
SpinPhase
An angular based or normalized parameter that specifies the spin state of an object such as a spacecraft or planet in a specific coordinate system usually together with the date/time of the observation.
enumeration
SpinRate
The angular rate of change of the spin angle of an object such as a spacecraft or planet.
enumeration
StokesParameters
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.
enumeration
Telemetry
Parameters that include full packets of data from monitoring devices or the memory addresses of datum within telemetry packets. The data comprising telemetry packets are typically expressed by using non-physical engineering units and may be used to express a variety of device operating conditions such as command acceptance/execution, housekeeping, event characterization, memory dumps, and science data. Telemetry packets may be raw or unpacked.
enumeration
Temperature
A measure of the kinetic energy of random motion with respect to the average. Temperature is properly defined only for an equilibrium particle distribution (Maxwellian distribution).
enumeration
Temporal
Pertaining to time.
enumeration
ThermalPlasma
Measurements of the plasma in the energy regime where the most of the plasma occurs. May be the basic fluxes in the form of distribution functions or the derived bulk parameters (density, flow velocity, etc.).
enumeration
ThermalSpeed
For a Maxwellian distribution, the difference between the mean speed and the speed within 69% (one sigma) of all the members of the speed distribution occur.
enumeration
TimeOfFlight
An instrument which measures the time it takes for a particle to travel between two detectors.
enumeration
TimeSeries
A representation of data showing a set of observations taken at different points in time and charted as a time series.
enumeration
TotalPressure
In an MHD fluid it is the number density (N) times Boltzmann constant times the temperature in Kelvin.
enumeration
Ultraviolet
Photons with a wavelength range: 10 nm to 400 nm.
enumeration
Unspecified
A value which is not provided.
enumeration
UpperHybridFrequency
Upper hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons perpendicular to the magnetic field. The upper hybrid frequency, φ<sub>UH</sub>, is governed by the relationship φ<sub>UH</sub>^2=φ<sub>pe</sub>^2+θ<sub>ce</sub>^2 where φ<sub>pe</sub> is electron plasma frequency and θ<sub>ce</sub> is the electron cyclotron frequency.
enumeration
VCrossB
The cross product of the charge velocity (V) and the magnetic field (B). It is the electric field exerted on a point charge by a magnetic field.
enumeration
Velocity
Rate of change of position. Also used for the average velocity of a collection of particles, also referred to as bulk velocity.
enumeration
VolumeEmissionRate
The volume emission rate, e(r,t,l), is the number of photons emitted per unit source volume per second (photons/m^3/s), as measured along the line of sight between the source point and the observer. The Volume Emission Rate is in general a function of the line-of-sight distance, r, time, t, and wavelength, l. The Volume Emission Rate is actually not a directly measurable quantity. However, the term has been commonly used in both data product descriptions and research publications.
enumeration
WaveformReceiver
A radio receiver which outputs the value of one or more components of the electric and/or magnetic field as a function of time.
enumeration
Wavelength
The peak-to-peak distance over one wave period.
enumeration
Waves
Data resulting from observations of wave experiments and natural wave phenomena. Wave experiments are typically active and natural wave phenomena are passive. Examples of wave experiments include coherent/incoherent scatter radars, radio soundings, VLF propagation studies, ionospheric scintillation of beacon satellite signals, etc. Examples of natural wave phenomena include micropulsations, mesospheric gravity waves, auroral/plasmaspheric hiss, Langmuir waves, AKR, Jovian decametric radiation, solar radio bursts, etc.
enumeration
Waves.Active
Exerting an influence or producing a change or effect. An active measurement is one which produces a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.
enumeration
Waves.Passive
Movement or effect produced by outside influence. A passive measurement is one which does not produce a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.
enumeration
WebResource
A Web page or file-based resource accessible by a URL.
enumeration
WebService
A Web-based service that uses SOAP, WSDL or UDDI open standards.
enumeration
WhiteLight
Photons with a wavelength in the visible range for humans.
enumeration
XRays
Photons with a wavelength range: 0.001 nm to 10 nm.
<xsd:simpleType name="ParameterQuantity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for all types of parameter quantities</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="2DCuts"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of 2-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points located in a planar slice of a model volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="3DCubes"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a model volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ACElectricField"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Alternating electric field component of a wave.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ACMagneticField"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Alternating magnetic field component of a wave.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Absorption"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Decrease of radiant energy (relative to the background continuum spectrum).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ActivityIndex"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An indication, derived from one or more measurements, of the level of activity of an object or region, such as sunspot number, F10.7 flux, Dst, or the Polar Cap Indices.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AdiabaticInvariant"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A property of a physical system usually related to periodic phenomena that remains constant under slowly varying conditions.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AdiabaticInvariant.MagneticMoment"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A constant of motion related to the gyromotion of a particle in a magnetic field that is either static or slowly varying with respect to the gyroperiod. The magnetic moment is usually denoted by using the lower-case Greek letter for mu, μ, and can be calculated by using μ=m(u^2/2B) where m is the particle mass, u is the velocity of the particle perpendicular to the constant or average magnetic field direction, and B is the magnitude of the magnetic field strength.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AdiabaticInvariant.BounceMotion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The second adiabatic invariant is associated with periodic bounce motion of charged particles trapped between two magnetic mirrors on a magnetic field line. The second invariant, termed J, is defined by using the integral J=m ∫ v||*ds where m is the mass of the charged particle, v|| is the particle velocity along the field line, and ds represents elemental arc lengths along the field line. The second adiabatic invariant is conserved as long as changes in the background magnetic field occur at time scales much longer than the bounce time of the charged particles.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AdiabaticInvariant.DriftMotion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The third invariant for charged particle motion in a dipolar magnetic field is associated with drift of its guiding center in the equatorial plane. The conserved quantity, J<sub>2</sub>, is equal to qφ where q is the particle charge and φ is the magnetic flux enclosed within the particle drift path.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Aerosol"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in a gas.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AkasofuEpsilon"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the magnetopause energy flux and an indicator of the solar wind power available for subsequent magnetospheric energization. Defined as: V*B^2*l^2sin(theta/2)^4 where B is the IMF, l is an empirical scaling parameter equal to 7 R<sub>E</sub>, and theta=tan(By/Bz)^-1 the IMF clock angle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Albedo"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ratio of reflected radiation from the surface to incident radiation upon it.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AlfvenMachNumber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the Alfven speed.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AlfvenVelocity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Phase velocity of the Alfven wave. In SI units it is the velocity of the magnetic field divided by the square root of the mass density times the permeability of free space (μ<sub>0</sub>).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AlphaParticle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A positively charged nuclear particle that consists of two protons and two neutrons.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Antenna"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A sensor used to measure electric potential.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ArrivalDirection"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An angular measure of the direction from which an energetic particle or photon was incident on a detector. The angles may be measured in any coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Atom"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Matter consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons which has no net charge.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AtomicNumberDetected"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom as determined by a detector.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AverageChargeState"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the composite deficit (positive) or excess (negative) of electrons with respect to protons.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AzimuthAngle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The angle between the projection into the I-J plane of a position or measured vector and the I-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(J/I). This term could be also applied to angles measured in different planes, i.e., the IMF clock angle defined as arctan(|By|/Bz).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CaK"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum with a wavelength of range centered near 393.5 nm. VSO nickname: Ca-K image with range of 391.9 nm to 395.2 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Channeltron"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument that detects electrons, ions, and ultraviolet radiation, according to the principle of a secondary emission multiplier. It is typically used in electron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ChargeExchange"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Chemical process involving a charge transfer from an ion (which becomes neutral) to a neutral (which becomes ionized).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ChargeFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of ionized particles passing through a unit area per unit time, for instance as measured by a Faraday cup.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ChargeState"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Charge of a fully or partially stripped ion, in units of the charge of a proton. Charge state of a bare proton is equal to one.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Coronograph"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which can image things very close to the Sun by using a disk to block the bright surface of the sun or a star that reveals the faint corona of the Sun or other celestial objects.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CountRate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of events per unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Counts"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of detection events occurring in a detector over the detector accumulation time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CrossSection"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Cross section of the reaction, when the reaction implies the collision of two particles.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Current"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">It is the scalar quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit time flowing across a given surface.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CurrentDensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">It is the vector quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit cross-sectional area per unit time flowing through a given point. Measurements of current density are often provided in terms of the magnetic perturbations (superposed upon a background magnetic field, if present) associated with the current density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DataQuality"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An ancillary parameter that denotes the standard or degree of accuracy, trustworthiness, or usefulness of another parameter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DissociativeRecombination"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Chemical process by which an ion is neutralized by capturing an electron, and splits in two new neutral species.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DopplerFrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Change in the frequency of a propagating wave due to motion of the source, the observer, the reflector, or the propagation medium.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Dopplergram"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A map or image depicting the spatial distribution of line-of-sight velocities of the observed object.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DoubleSphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A dipole antenna of which the active (sensor) elements are small spheres located at the ends of two wires deployed in the equatorial plane, on opposite sides of a spinning spacecraft.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Dust"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Free microscopic particles of solid material.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DustDetector"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which determines the mass and speed of ambient dust particles.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DynamicPressure"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Dynamic pressure is a measure of the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid. For instance, the solar wind dynamic pressure or ram pressure for a purely proton plasma is equal to m<sub>p</sub> n V<sup>2</sup> where m<sub>p</sub> is the proton mass, n is the proton number density, and V is the solar wind speed.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Electric"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The physical attribute that exerts an electrical force.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ElectricField"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of space around a charged particle, or between two voltages within which a force is exerted on charged objects in its vicinity. An electric field is the electric force per unit charge.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Electromagnetic"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Electric and magnetic field variations in time and space that propagate through a medium or a vacuum. The wave propagation direction, electric field vector, and magnetic field vector form an orthogonal triad. Waves in this category are detected by having their field quantities measured.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Electron"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An elementary particle that has a negative charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 9.10938*10^-31 kg.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ElectronDriftInstrument"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An active experiment to measure the electron drift velocity based on sensing the displacement of a weak beam of electrons after one gyration in the ambient magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ElectronImpact"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Chemical process by which a neutral is ionized thanks to the energy from the impact of an electron.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Electrostatic"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Collective longitudinal electric-field and plasma oscillations trapped within a body of plasma.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ElectrostaticAnalyser"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which uses charged plates to analyze the mass, charge and kinetic energies of charged particles which enter the instrument.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ElevationAngle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The angle between the position or measured vector and the I-J plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(K/sqrt(I^2+J^2)).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Emissivity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The energy emitted spontaneously per unit bandwidth (typically frequency) per unit time per unit mass of source. Emissivity is usually integrated over all directions/solid angles.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EnergeticParticleInstrument"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument that measures fluxes of charged particles as a function of time, direction of motion, mass, charge and/or species.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EnergeticParticles"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Pieces of matter that are moving very fast. Energetic particles include protons, electrons, neutrons, neutrinos, the nuclei of atoms, and other sub-atomic particles.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Energy"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic energy).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EnergyDensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The amount of energy per unit volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EnergyFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The amount of energy passing through a unit area in a unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EnergyPerCharge"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The kinetic energy, E, per unit net charge, q, that is E/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Entropy"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A function of thermodynamic quantity, such as temperature, pressure, or composition, that is a measure of the energy that is not available for work during a thermodynamic process. It is often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Ephemeris"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The spatial coordinates of a body as a function of time. When used as an Instrument Type it represents the process or methods used to generate spatial coordinates.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EquivalentWidth"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The spectral width of a total absorption line having the amount of absorbed radiant energy being equivalent to that in an observed absorption line.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Experiment"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A collection of components which are designed to make coordinated observations of a phenomenon or object. Projects and missions may refer to an "experiment" by other names such as a "suite".</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ExtremeUltraviolet"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum with a wavelength range of 10 nm to 125 nm. VSO nickname: EUV image with a range of 10 nm to 125 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FarUltraviolet"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum with a wavelength range of 122 nm to 200 nm. VSO nickname: FUV image with a range of 122 nm to 200 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FaradayCup"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument consisting of an electrode from which electrical current is measured while a charged particle beam (electrons or ions) impinges on it. Used to determine energy spectrum and sometimes ion composition of the impinging particles.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FlowSpeed"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The rate at which particles or energy is passing through a unit area in a unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FlowVelocity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The volume of matter passing through a unit area perpendicular to the direction of flow in a unit of time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Fluence"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The time integral of a flux. A fluence is a not a measurement of flux per unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FluxFeedback"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A search coil whose bandwidth and signal/noise ratio are increased by the application of negative feedback at the sensor (flux) level by driving a collocated coil with a signal from the preamplifier.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FourierTransformSpectrograph"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument that determines the spectra of a radiative source, using time domain measurements and a Fourier transform.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Frequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FrequencyToGyrofrequencyRatio"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ratio of the characteristic frequency of a medium to gyrofrequency of a particle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="GammaRays"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Photons with a wavelength range: 0.00001 nm to 0.001 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="GeigerMuellerTube"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures density of ionizing radiation based on interactions with a gas.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="GeometricFactor"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the gathering power of a particle detector. The geometric factor can be used to correct particle measurements by accounting for the fact that only a fraction of the source particles is able to gain entry through the aperture of a detector. For an isotopic source distribution, the geometric factor corresponds to the solid angle subtended by the aperture. In practice, determination of the geometric factor requires numerical modeling and depends on detector design and the characteristics of the source.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Gyrofrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of gyrations around a magnetic guiding center (field line) a charged particle makes per unit time due to the Lorentz force.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Halpha"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 656.3 nm. VSO nickname: H-alpha image with a spectrum range of 655.8 nm to 656.8 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HardXRays"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Photons with a wavelength range: 0.001 nm to 0.1 nm and an energy range of 12 keV to 120 keV.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="He10830"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 1082.9 nm. VSO nickname: an He 10830 image with a range of 1082.5 nm to 1083.3 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="He304"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum centered around the resonance line of ionized helium at 304 Angstrom (30.4 nm).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HeatFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Flow of thermal energy through a gas or plasma typically computed as third moment of a distribution function.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Housekeeping"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Parameters that indicate the status or health state of instruments or monitoring devices as measured in physical units such as that for current, voltage, or temperature. Housekeeping data can be analyzed to determine whether instruments are working correctly and the knowledge of their values may be used to avoid errors or even device failures.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Hydrodynamic"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Periodic or quasi-periodic oscillations of fluid quantities.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="IMFClockAngle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The clockwise angle of the direction of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) measured in the plane of the body pole perpendicular to the line between the body and the Sun.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ImageIntensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Measurements of the 2-D distribution of the intensity of photons from some region or object such as the Sun or the polar auroral regions, can be in any wavelength band, and polarized, etc.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Imager"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which samples the radiation from an area at one or more spectral ranges emitted or reflected by an object.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ImagingSpectrometer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which is a multispectral scanner with a very large number of channels (typically from 64 channels up to 256 channels) with very narrow bandwidths.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Infrared"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Photons with a wavelength range: 760 nm to 10^6 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="InstrumentMode"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An indication of a state (mode) in which the instrument is operating. How a mode influences the interpretation and representation of data is described in instrument related documentation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="InstrumentStatus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A quantity directly related to the operation or function of an instrument.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Intensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The measurement of radiant or wave energy per unit detector area per unit bandwidth per unit solid angle per unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Interferometer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument to study the properties of two or more waves from the pattern of interference created by their superposition.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Ion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An atom that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons (Note: Z>2).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="IonChamber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A device in which the collected electrical charge from ionization in a gas-filled cavity is taken to be the proportion to some parameter (e.g., dose or exposure) of radiation field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="IonComposition"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">In situ measurements of the relative flux or density of electrically charged particles in the space environment. May give simple fluxes, but full distribution functions are sometimes measured.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="IonDrift"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A device which measures the current produced by the displacement of ambient ions on a grid, thereby allowing the determination of the ion trajectory and velocity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="IonGauge"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A device which measures low-pressure or vacuum neutral gas with pressures ranging from 10^-3 Torr to 10^-10 Torr. An ion gauge is an electronic amplifying vacuum tube consisting of three electrodes inside an evacuated glass envelope, with the filament being the cathode.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Irradiance"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A radiometric term for the power of electromagnetic radiation at a surface, per unit area. Irradiance is used when the electromagnetic radiation is incident on the surface. Irradiance data may be reported in any units (i.e., counts/s) due to, for example, being at a particular wavelength, or to being a not fully calibrated relative measurement.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="K7699"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 769.9 nm. VSO nickname: K-7699 dopplergram with a range of 769.8 nm to 770.0 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="LBHBand"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Lyman-Birge-Hopfield band in the far ultraviolet range with wavelength range of 140 nm to 170 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="LShell"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The L-shell is the magnetic equatorial radius (in units of planetary radii) of a dipole magnetic field line. For instance, if the L-shell value equals 6 say at Earth, the magnetic field lines cross the magnetic equator at six Earth radii. The L-shell concept can be applied generally to any magnetized planet or satellite with a dominant dipolar magnetic field moment.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="LangmuirProbe"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A monopole antenna associated with an instrument. The instrument applies a potential to the antenna which is swept to determine the voltage/current characteristic. This provides information about the plasma surrounding the probe and spacecraft.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="LineDepth"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The measure of the amount of absorption below the continuum (depth) in a particular wavelength or frequency in an absorption spectrum.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Lines"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of 1-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points along a line though a model volume. For instance, the points of the line may correspond to the trajectory of a spacecraft through model space.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="LongWire"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A dipole antenna constructed by two active sensing elements that are wires deployed in the equatorial plane on opposite sides of a spinning spacecraft. The, wire length is usually several times the spacecraft diameter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="LowerHybridFrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Lower hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons and ions in a magnetized plasma. The propagation of lower hybrid waves must be close to perpendicular to the background magnetic field in so that electrons cannot move along field lines thus preventing wave growth. The lower hybrid frequency, φ<sub>LH</sub>, can be calculated by using φ<sub>LH</sub>=[(ω<sub>ce</sub>ω<sub>ci</sub>)<sup>-1</sup>+φ<sub>pi</sub><sup>-2</sup>]<sup>-1/2</sup> where ω<sub>ce</sub> and ω<sub>ci</sub> are the electron and ion cyclotron frequencies, respectively, and $phi;<sub>LH</sub> is the ion plasma frequency.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MHD"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Hydrodynamic waves in a magnetized plasma in which the background magnetic field plays a key role in controlling the wave propagation characteristics.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetic"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The physical attribute attributed to a magnet or its equivalent.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MagneticField"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of space near a magnetized body where magnetic forces can be detected (as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting, etc.).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetogram"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Measurements of the vector or line-of-sight magnetic field determined from remote sensing measurements of the detailed structure of spectral lines, including their splitting and polarization.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetograph"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A special type of magnetometer that records a time plot of the local magnetic field near the instrument or a telescope capable of determining the magnetic field strength and/or direction on a distant object such as the Sun, using the Zeeman splitting or other spectral signatures of magnetization.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetometer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures the ambient magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MagnetosonicMachNumber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ratio of the velocity of fast mode waves to the Alfven velocity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mass"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The measure of inertia (mass) of individual objects (e.g., aerosols).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MassDensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The mass of particles per unit volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MassNumber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MassPerCharge"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The mass, m, per unit net charge, q, that is m/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MassSpectrometer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which distinguishes chemical species in terms of their different isotopic masses.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MicrochannelPlate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument used for the detection of elementary particles, ions, ultraviolet rays and soft X-rays constructed from very thin conductive glass capillaries.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Microwave"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Photons with a wavelength range: 10^6 nm to 1.5*10^7 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ModeAmplitude"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">In helioseismology the magnitude of oscillation of waves of a particular geometry.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Molecule"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A group of atoms so united and combined by chemical affinity that they form a complete, integrated whole, being the smallest portion of any particular compound that can exist in a free state.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MultispectralImager"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which captures images at multiple spectral ranges.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NaD"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum with a wavelength range of centered at 589.3 nm. VSO nickname: Na-D image with a range of 588.8 nm to 589.8 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NeutralAtomImager"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures the quantity and properties of neutral particles over a range of angles. Measured properties can include mass and energy.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NeutralAtomImages"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Measurements of neutral atom fluxes as a function of look direction often related to remote energetic charged particles that lose their charge through charge-exchange and then reach the detector on a line-of-sight trajectory.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NeutralGas"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Measurements of neutral atomic and molecular components of a gas.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NeutralParticleDetector"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures the quantity and properties of neutral particles. Measured properties can include mass and plasma bulk densities.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Neutron"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An elementary particle with neutral charge that is a constituent of atomic nuclei. Neutrons have a rest mass slightly large than that of a proton equal to about 1.67493*10^-24 kg.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Ni6768"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A spectrum with a wavelength range centered at 676.8 nm. VSO nickname: Ni-6768 dopplergram with a range of 676.7 nm to 676.9 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NumberDensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of particles per unit volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NumberFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of particles passing a unit area in unit time, possibly also per unit energy (or equivalent) and/or per unit look direction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Optical"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Photons with a wavelength range: 380 nm to 760 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Orientation"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The specification of the directional alignment of an object or measurement in a reference coordinate system. The orientation such as a spacecraft spin axis attitude is usually expressed as one or more angles relative to the basis axes of some specified physical space usually together with the date/time of the observation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Other"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ParticleCorrelator"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which correlates particle flux to help identify wave/particle interactions.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ParticleDetector"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which detects particle flux!!!.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ParticleRadius"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The mean radius for a Gaussian distribution of particles with an axial ratio of 2 and a distribution width that varies as 0.5 radius. A value of zero means no cloud was detected.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ParticleRigidity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The particle momentum per unit charge. The particle Rigidity, R, is equal to pc/Ze.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PhaseSpaceDensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of particles per unit volume in the six-dimensional space of position and velocity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PhotoIonization"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Chemical process by which a neutral is ionized thanks to the energy from a photon.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Photometer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures the strength of electromagnetic radiation within a spectral band which can range from ultraviolet to infrared and includes the visible spectrum.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PhotomultiplierTube"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A vacuum phototube that is an extremely sensitive detector of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Photon"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Electromagnetic waves detected by techniques that utilize their corpuscular character (e.g., CCD, CMOS, or Photomultiplier).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Photopolarimeter"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures the intensity and polarization or radiant energy. A photopolarimeter is a combination of a photometer and a polarimeter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PlasmaBeta"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ratio of the plasma pressure (nkT) to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a single component plasma or the ratio of the plasma pressure sum over i of (n<sub>i</sub>kT<sub>i</sub>) for all species i to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a multi components plasma.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PlasmaFrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A number density dependent characteristic frequency of a plasma.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PlasmaWaves"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Self-consistent collective oscillations of particles and fields (electric and magnetic) in a plasma.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Platform"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A collection of components which can be positioned and oriented as a single unit. A platform may contain other platforms. For example, a spacecraft is a platform which may have components that can be articulated and are also considered platforms.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PolarAngle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k). This term could be also applied to angles between the vector and other components, for example the IMF cone angle defined as arccos(B<sub>x</sub>/B<sub>t</sub>).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Polarization"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Direction of the electric vector of an electromagnetic wave. The wave can be linearly polarized in any direction perpendicular to the direction of travel, circularly polarized (clockwise or counterclockwise), unpolarized, or mixtures of the above.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Positional"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The specification of the location of an object or measurement within a reference coordinate system. The position is usually expressed as a set of values corresponding to the location along a set of orthogonal axes together with the date/time of the observation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Positron"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An elementary particle that has a positive charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 9.10938*10^-31 kg.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Potential"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The work required per unit charge to move a charge from a reference point to a point at infinity (electric potential is defined to be zero). The electric potential of a spacecraft is often referred to as the spacecraft potential. The spacecraft potential is the electric potential of the spacecraft relative to the potential of the nearby plasma. The spacecraft potential is non-zero because the spacecraft charges to the level that the emitted photoelectron flux going to infinity is balanced by the plasma electron flux to the spacecraft.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PoyntingFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Electromagnetic energy flux transported by a wave characterized as the rate of energy transport per unit area per steradian.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Pressure"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The force per unit area exerted by a particle distribution or field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Profile"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Measurements of a quantity as a function of height above an object such as the limb of a body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PropagationTime"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Time difference between transmission and reception of a wave in an active wave experiment.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ProportionalCounter"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures energy of ionization radiation based on interactions with a gas.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Proton"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An elementary particle that is a constituent of all atomic nuclei. Protons have a positive charge equal to about 1.60218*10^-19 C and a rest mass equal to about 1.67262*10^-27 kg.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="QuadrisphericalAnalyser"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument used for the 3-D detection of plasma, energetic electrons and ions, and for positive ion composition measurements.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Radar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument that uses directional properties of returned power to infer spatial and/or other characteristics of a remote object.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Radiance"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A radiometric measurement that describes the amount of electromagnetic radiation that passes through or is emitted from a particular area, and falls within a given solid angle in a specified direction. They are used to characterize both emission from diffuse sources and reflection from diffuse surfaces.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="RadioFrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Photons with a wavelength range: 10^5 nm to 10^11 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Radiometer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument for detecting or measuring radiant energy. Radiometers are commonly limited to infrared radiation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Rate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Reaction rate: reaction production per unit of time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Remark"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A notice, comment, or observation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ResonanceSounder"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A combination of a radio receiver and a pulsed transmitter used to study the plasma surrounding a spacecraft by identifying resonances or cut-offs (of the wave dispersion relation), whose frequencies are related to the ambient plasma density and magnetic field. When the transmitter is off it is essentially a high-frequency resolution spectral power receiver.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="RetardingPotentialAnalyser"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures ion temperatures and ion concentrations using a planar ion trap.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Riometer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures the signal strength in various directions of the galactic radio signals. Variations in these signals are influenced by solar flare activity and geomagnetic storm and substorm processes.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="RotationMatrix"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A tensor that is used to perform vector data transformation from one coordinate system to another.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SPICE"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">SPICE is an ancillary information system that provides scientists and engineers the capability to include space geometry and event data into mission design, science observation planning, and science data analysis software. The staff of the NASA Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility, NAIF, which is located at JPL provides SPICE support for planetary, heliophysics, and Earth science missions, see https://naif.jpl.nasa.gov/naif/index.html. This SPICE has been adapted from text on NAF hosted web pages.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ScintillationDetector"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which detects fluorescence of a material which is excited by high-energy (ionizing) electromagnetic or charged particle radiation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SearchCoil"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures the time variation of the magnetic flux threading a loop by measurement of the electric potential difference induced between the ends of the wire.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SoftXRays"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">X-Rays with an energy range of 0.12 keV to 12 keV.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SolarUVFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The amount of ultraviolet energy originating from the Sun passing through a unit area in a unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SolidStateDetector"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A detector of the charge carriers (electrons and holes) generated in semiconductors by energy deposited by gamma ray photons. Also known as a semiconductor detector".</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SonicMachNumber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the speed of sound in the medium.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SoundSpeed"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The speed at which sound travels through a medium.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Sounder"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures the radiances from an object. A sounder may measure radiances at multiple spectral ranges.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SpacecraftPotentialControl"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument to control the electric potential of a spacecraft with respect to the ambient plasma by emitting a variable current of positive ions.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SpatialSeries"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a spacial volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Spectra"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A term that applies to any signal that can be measured or decomposed along a continuous variable such as the electromagnetic radiation which can be decomposed as a function of wavelength or frequency.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SpectralPowerReceiver"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A radio receiver which determines the power spectral density of the electric or magnetic field, or both, at one or more frequencies.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Spectrometer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument that measures the component wavelengths of light (or other electromagnetic radiation) by splitting the light up into its component wavelengths.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Spectrum"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The distribution of a characteristic of a physical system or phenomenon, such as the energy emitted by a radiant source, arranged in the order of wavelengths.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SpinPeriod"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The time required for an object such as a spacecraft or planet to perform one full rotation in a given frame of reference.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SpinPhase"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An angular based or normalized parameter that specifies the spin state of an object such as a spacecraft or planet in a specific coordinate system usually together with the date/time of the observation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SpinRate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The angular rate of change of the spin angle of an object such as a spacecraft or planet.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="StokesParameters"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Telemetry"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Parameters that include full packets of data from monitoring devices or the memory addresses of datum within telemetry packets. The data comprising telemetry packets are typically expressed by using non-physical engineering units and may be used to express a variety of device operating conditions such as command acceptance/execution, housekeeping, event characterization, memory dumps, and science data. Telemetry packets may be raw or unpacked.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Temperature"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the kinetic energy of random motion with respect to the average. Temperature is properly defined only for an equilibrium particle distribution (Maxwellian distribution).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Temporal"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Pertaining to time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ThermalPlasma"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Measurements of the plasma in the energy regime where the most of the plasma occurs. May be the basic fluxes in the form of distribution functions or the derived bulk parameters (density, flow velocity, etc.).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ThermalSpeed"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">For a Maxwellian distribution, the difference between the mean speed and the speed within 69% (one sigma) of all the members of the speed distribution occur.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TimeOfFlight"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An instrument which measures the time it takes for a particle to travel between two detectors.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TimeSeries"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A representation of data showing a set of observations taken at different points in time and charted as a time series.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TotalPressure"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">In an MHD fluid it is the number density (N) times Boltzmann constant times the temperature in Kelvin.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Ultraviolet"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Photons with a wavelength range: 10 nm to 400 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Unspecified"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A value which is not provided.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="UpperHybridFrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Upper hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons perpendicular to the magnetic field. The upper hybrid frequency, φ<sub>UH</sub>, is governed by the relationship φ<sub>UH</sub>^2=φ<sub>pe</sub>^2+θ<sub>ce</sub>^2 where φ<sub>pe</sub> is electron plasma frequency and θ<sub>ce</sub> is the electron cyclotron frequency.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="VCrossB"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The cross product of the charge velocity (V) and the magnetic field (B). It is the electric field exerted on a point charge by a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Velocity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Rate of change of position. Also used for the average velocity of a collection of particles, also referred to as bulk velocity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="VolumeEmissionRate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The volume emission rate, e(r,t,l), is the number of photons emitted per unit source volume per second (photons/m^3/s), as measured along the line of sight between the source point and the observer. The Volume Emission Rate is in general a function of the line-of-sight distance, r, time, t, and wavelength, l. The Volume Emission Rate is actually not a directly measurable quantity. However, the term has been commonly used in both data product descriptions and research publications.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="WaveformReceiver"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A radio receiver which outputs the value of one or more components of the electric and/or magnetic field as a function of time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Wavelength"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The peak-to-peak distance over one wave period.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Waves"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Data resulting from observations of wave experiments and natural wave phenomena. Wave experiments are typically active and natural wave phenomena are passive. Examples of wave experiments include coherent/incoherent scatter radars, radio soundings, VLF propagation studies, ionospheric scintillation of beacon satellite signals, etc. Examples of natural wave phenomena include micropulsations, mesospheric gravity waves, auroral/plasmaspheric hiss, Langmuir waves, AKR, Jovian decametric radiation, solar radio bursts, etc.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Waves.Active"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Exerting an influence or producing a change or effect. An active measurement is one which produces a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Waves.Passive"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Movement or effect produced by outside influence. A passive measurement is one which does not produce a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="WebResource"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A Web page or file-based resource accessible by a URL.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="WebService"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A Web-based service that uses SOAP, WSDL or UDDI open standards.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="WhiteLight"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Photons with a wavelength in the visible range for humans.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="XRays"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Photons with a wavelength range: 0.001 nm to 10 nm.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:PropertyLabel
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A string list of the labels of each dimension of the property.
<xsd:simpleType name="PropertyLabel"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A string list of the labels of each dimension of the property.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="PropertyValue"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A string list of the values of the property.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="PropertyModel"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Model used to define a property.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ModelURL
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
URL pointing toward the description of a model used in the definition of a property or an input.
<xsd:simpleType name="ModelURL"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">URL pointing toward the description of a model used in the definition of a property or an input.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:anyURI"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:OutputParameters
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A container of information regarding the output parameters of the model run.
<xsd:complexType name="OutputParameters"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A container of information regarding the output parameters of the model run.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="Parameter" type="spase:Parameter" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Complex Type spase:ModelRun
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Description of a model run, including the code ID, the run spatial and temporal description, and all the relevant inputs.
<xsd:complexType name="ModelSpecification"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Descriptor of model specifications: type of numerical scheme, versions, etc.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="ModelID" type="spase:ModelID" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="VersionTag" type="spase:VersionTag" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
<xsd:simpleType name="ModelID"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A string defining the ID of the model.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="spase:typeID"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="Duration"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Duration of the model run.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:duration"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="TimeStart"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Time at which the coverage by the element begins.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:dateTime"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="TimeStop"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Time at which the coverage by the element ends.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:dateTime"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:complexType name="DiagnosisTimeStep"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Time at which a diagnosis is performed and quantity saved.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="TimeStart" type="spase:TimeStart" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Duration" type="spase:Duration" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="SavedQuantity" type="spase:SavedQuantity" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:SavedQuantity
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Quantities that are saved during a given diagnosis.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
2DCuts
A set of 2-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points located in a planar slice of a model volume.
enumeration
3DCubes
A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a model volume.
enumeration
ACElectricField
Alternating electric field component of a wave.
enumeration
ACMagneticField
Alternating magnetic field component of a wave.
enumeration
Absorption
Decrease of radiant energy (relative to the background continuum spectrum).
enumeration
AdiabaticInvariant
A property of a physical system usually related to periodic phenomena that remains constant under slowly varying conditions.
enumeration
AdiabaticInvariant.MagneticMoment
A constant of motion related to the gyromotion of a particle in a magnetic field that is either static or slowly varying with respect to the gyroperiod. The magnetic moment is usually denoted by using the lower-case Greek letter for mu, μ, and can be calculated by using μ=m(u^2/2B) where m is the particle mass, u is the velocity of the particle perpendicular to the constant or average magnetic field direction, and B is the magnitude of the magnetic field strength.
enumeration
AdiabaticInvariant.BounceMotion
The second adiabatic invariant is associated with periodic bounce motion of charged particles trapped between two magnetic mirrors on a magnetic field line. The second invariant, termed J, is defined by using the integral J=m ∫ v||*ds where m is the mass of the charged particle, v|| is the particle velocity along the field line, and ds represents elemental arc lengths along the field line. The second adiabatic invariant is conserved as long as changes in the background magnetic field occur at time scales much longer than the bounce time of the charged particles.
enumeration
AdiabaticInvariant.DriftMotion
The third invariant for charged particle motion in a dipolar magnetic field is associated with drift of its guiding center in the equatorial plane. The conserved quantity, J<sub>2</sub>, is equal to qφ where q is the particle charge and φ is the magnetic flux enclosed within the particle drift path.
enumeration
AkasofuEpsilon
A measure of the magnetopause energy flux and an indicator of the solar wind power available for subsequent magnetospheric energization. Defined as: V*B^2*l^2sin(theta/2)^4 where B is the IMF, l is an empirical scaling parameter equal to 7 R<sub>E</sub>, and theta=tan(By/Bz)^-1 the IMF clock angle.
enumeration
Albedo
The ratio of reflected radiation from the surface to incident radiation upon it.
enumeration
AlfvenMachNumber
The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the Alfven speed.
enumeration
AlfvenVelocity
Phase velocity of the Alfven wave. In SI units it is the velocity of the magnetic field divided by the square root of the mass density times the permeability of free space (μ<sub>0</sub>).
enumeration
ArrivalDirection
An angular measure of the direction from which an energetic particle or photon was incident on a detector. The angles may be measured in any coordinate system.
enumeration
AtomicNumberDetected
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom as determined by a detector.
enumeration
AverageChargeState
A measure of the composite deficit (positive) or excess (negative) of electrons with respect to protons.
enumeration
ChargeFlux
The number of ionized particles passing through a unit area per unit time, for instance as measured by a Faraday cup.
enumeration
ChargeState
Charge of a fully or partially stripped ion, in units of the charge of a proton. Charge state of a bare proton is equal to one.
enumeration
CountRate
The number of events per unit time.
enumeration
Counts
The number of detection events occurring in a detector over the detector accumulation time.
enumeration
Current
It is the scalar quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit time flowing across a given surface.
enumeration
CurrentDensity
It is the vector quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit cross-sectional area per unit time flowing through a given point. Measurements of current density are often provided in terms of the magnetic perturbations (superposed upon a background magnetic field, if present) associated with the current density.
enumeration
DopplerFrequency
Change in the frequency of a propagating wave due to motion of the source, the observer, the reflector, or the propagation medium.
enumeration
DynamicPressure
Dynamic pressure is a measure of the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid. For instance, the solar wind dynamic pressure or ram pressure for a purely proton plasma is equal to m<sub>p</sub> n V<sup>2</sup> where m<sub>p</sub> is the proton mass, n is the proton number density, and V is the solar wind speed.
enumeration
Electric
The physical attribute that exerts an electrical force.
enumeration
Electromagnetic
Electric and magnetic field variations in time and space that propagate through a medium or a vacuum. The wave propagation direction, electric field vector, and magnetic field vector form an orthogonal triad. Waves in this category are detected by having their field quantities measured.
enumeration
Emissivity
The energy emitted spontaneously per unit bandwidth (typically frequency) per unit time per unit mass of source. Emissivity is usually integrated over all directions/solid angles.
enumeration
Energy
The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic energy).
enumeration
EnergyDensity
The amount of energy per unit volume.
enumeration
EnergyFlux
The amount of energy passing through a unit area in a unit time.
enumeration
EnergyPerCharge
The kinetic energy, E, per unit net charge, q, that is E/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.
enumeration
Entropy
A function of thermodynamic quantity, such as temperature, pressure, or composition, that is a measure of the energy that is not available for work during a thermodynamic process. It is often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.
enumeration
EquivalentWidth
The spectral width of a total absorption line having the amount of absorbed radiant energy being equivalent to that in an observed absorption line.
enumeration
FlowSpeed
The rate at which particles or energy is passing through a unit area in a unit time.
enumeration
FlowVelocity
The volume of matter passing through a unit area perpendicular to the direction of flow in a unit of time.
enumeration
Fluence
The time integral of a flux. A fluence is a not a measurement of flux per unit time.
enumeration
Frequency
The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time.
enumeration
FrequencyToGyrofrequencyRatio
The ratio of the characteristic frequency of a medium to gyrofrequency of a particle.
enumeration
GeometricFactor
A measure of the gathering power of a particle detector. The geometric factor can be used to correct particle measurements by accounting for the fact that only a fraction of the source particles is able to gain entry through the aperture of a detector. For an isotopic source distribution, the geometric factor corresponds to the solid angle subtended by the aperture. In practice, determination of the geometric factor requires numerical modeling and depends on detector design and the characteristics of the source.
enumeration
Gyrofrequency
The number of gyrations around a magnetic guiding center (field line) a charged particle makes per unit time due to the Lorentz force.
enumeration
HeatFlux
Flow of thermal energy through a gas or plasma typically computed as third moment of a distribution function.
enumeration
IMFClockAngle
The clockwise angle of the direction of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) measured in the plane of the body pole perpendicular to the line between the body and the Sun.
enumeration
Intensity
The measurement of radiant or wave energy per unit detector area per unit bandwidth per unit solid angle per unit time.
enumeration
LShell
The L-shell is the magnetic equatorial radius (in units of planetary radii) of a dipole magnetic field line. For instance, if the L-shell value equals 6 say at Earth, the magnetic field lines cross the magnetic equator at six Earth radii. The L-shell concept can be applied generally to any magnetized planet or satellite with a dominant dipolar magnetic field moment.
enumeration
LineDepth
The measure of the amount of absorption below the continuum (depth) in a particular wavelength or frequency in an absorption spectrum.
enumeration
Lines
A set of 1-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points along a line though a model volume. For instance, the points of the line may correspond to the trajectory of a spacecraft through model space.
enumeration
LowerHybridFrequency
Lower hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons and ions in a magnetized plasma. The propagation of lower hybrid waves must be close to perpendicular to the background magnetic field in so that electrons cannot move along field lines thus preventing wave growth. The lower hybrid frequency, φ<sub>LH</sub>, can be calculated by using φ<sub>LH</sub>=[(ω<sub>ce</sub>ω<sub>ci</sub>)<sup>-1</sup>+φ<sub>pi</sub><sup>-2</sup>]<sup>-1/2</sup> where ω<sub>ce</sub> and ω<sub>ci</sub> are the electron and ion cyclotron frequencies, respectively, and $phi;<sub>LH</sub> is the ion plasma frequency.
enumeration
Magnetic
The physical attribute attributed to a magnet or its equivalent.
enumeration
MagneticField
A region of space near a magnetized body where magnetic forces can be detected (as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting, etc.).
enumeration
MagnetosonicMachNumber
The ratio of the velocity of fast mode waves to the Alfven velocity.
enumeration
Mass
The measure of inertia (mass) of individual objects (e.g., aerosols).
enumeration
MassDensity
The mass of particles per unit volume.
enumeration
MassNumber
The total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus.
enumeration
MassPerCharge
The mass, m, per unit net charge, q, that is m/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.
enumeration
ModeAmplitude
In helioseismology the magnitude of oscillation of waves of a particular geometry.
enumeration
NumberDensity
The number of particles per unit volume.
enumeration
NumberFlux
The number of particles passing a unit area in unit time, possibly also per unit energy (or equivalent) and/or per unit look direction.
enumeration
Other
Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.
enumeration
ParticleRadius
The mean radius for a Gaussian distribution of particles with an axial ratio of 2 and a distribution width that varies as 0.5 radius. A value of zero means no cloud was detected.
enumeration
ParticleRigidity
The particle momentum per unit charge. The particle Rigidity, R, is equal to pc/Ze.
enumeration
PhaseSpaceDensity
The number of particles per unit volume in the six-dimensional space of position and velocity.
enumeration
PlasmaBeta
The ratio of the plasma pressure (nkT) to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a single component plasma or the ratio of the plasma pressure sum over i of (n<sub>i</sub>kT<sub>i</sub>) for all species i to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a multi components plasma.
enumeration
PlasmaFrequency
A number density dependent characteristic frequency of a plasma.
enumeration
Polarization
Direction of the electric vector of an electromagnetic wave. The wave can be linearly polarized in any direction perpendicular to the direction of travel, circularly polarized (clockwise or counterclockwise), unpolarized, or mixtures of the above.
enumeration
Potential
The work required per unit charge to move a charge from a reference point to a point at infinity (electric potential is defined to be zero). The electric potential of a spacecraft is often referred to as the spacecraft potential. The spacecraft potential is the electric potential of the spacecraft relative to the potential of the nearby plasma. The spacecraft potential is non-zero because the spacecraft charges to the level that the emitted photoelectron flux going to infinity is balanced by the plasma electron flux to the spacecraft.
enumeration
PoyntingFlux
Electromagnetic energy flux transported by a wave characterized as the rate of energy transport per unit area per steradian.
enumeration
Pressure
The force per unit area exerted by a particle distribution or field.
enumeration
PropagationTime
Time difference between transmission and reception of a wave in an active wave experiment.
enumeration
SolarUVFlux
The amount of ultraviolet energy originating from the Sun passing through a unit area in a unit time.
enumeration
SonicMachNumber
The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the speed of sound in the medium.
enumeration
SoundSpeed
The speed at which sound travels through a medium.
enumeration
SpatialSeries
A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a spacial volume.
enumeration
Spectra
A term that applies to any signal that can be measured or decomposed along a continuous variable such as the electromagnetic radiation which can be decomposed as a function of wavelength or frequency.
enumeration
StokesParameters
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.
enumeration
Temperature
A measure of the kinetic energy of random motion with respect to the average. Temperature is properly defined only for an equilibrium particle distribution (Maxwellian distribution).
enumeration
ThermalSpeed
For a Maxwellian distribution, the difference between the mean speed and the speed within 69% (one sigma) of all the members of the speed distribution occur.
enumeration
TimeSeries
A representation of data showing a set of observations taken at different points in time and charted as a time series.
enumeration
TotalPressure
In an MHD fluid it is the number density (N) times Boltzmann constant times the temperature in Kelvin.
enumeration
UpperHybridFrequency
Upper hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons perpendicular to the magnetic field. The upper hybrid frequency, φ<sub>UH</sub>, is governed by the relationship φ<sub>UH</sub>^2=φ<sub>pe</sub>^2+θ<sub>ce</sub>^2 where φ<sub>pe</sub> is electron plasma frequency and θ<sub>ce</sub> is the electron cyclotron frequency.
enumeration
VCrossB
The cross product of the charge velocity (V) and the magnetic field (B). It is the electric field exerted on a point charge by a magnetic field.
enumeration
Velocity
Rate of change of position. Also used for the average velocity of a collection of particles, also referred to as bulk velocity.
enumeration
VolumeEmissionRate
The volume emission rate, e(r,t,l), is the number of photons emitted per unit source volume per second (photons/m^3/s), as measured along the line of sight between the source point and the observer. The Volume Emission Rate is in general a function of the line-of-sight distance, r, time, t, and wavelength, l. The Volume Emission Rate is actually not a directly measurable quantity. However, the term has been commonly used in both data product descriptions and research publications.
<xsd:simpleType name="SavedQuantity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Quantities that are saved during a given diagnosis.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="2DCuts"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of 2-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points located in a planar slice of a model volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="3DCubes"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a model volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ACElectricField"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Alternating electric field component of a wave.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ACMagneticField"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Alternating magnetic field component of a wave.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Absorption"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Decrease of radiant energy (relative to the background continuum spectrum).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AdiabaticInvariant"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A property of a physical system usually related to periodic phenomena that remains constant under slowly varying conditions.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AdiabaticInvariant.MagneticMoment"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A constant of motion related to the gyromotion of a particle in a magnetic field that is either static or slowly varying with respect to the gyroperiod. The magnetic moment is usually denoted by using the lower-case Greek letter for mu, μ, and can be calculated by using μ=m(u^2/2B) where m is the particle mass, u is the velocity of the particle perpendicular to the constant or average magnetic field direction, and B is the magnitude of the magnetic field strength.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AdiabaticInvariant.BounceMotion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The second adiabatic invariant is associated with periodic bounce motion of charged particles trapped between two magnetic mirrors on a magnetic field line. The second invariant, termed J, is defined by using the integral J=m ∫ v||*ds where m is the mass of the charged particle, v|| is the particle velocity along the field line, and ds represents elemental arc lengths along the field line. The second adiabatic invariant is conserved as long as changes in the background magnetic field occur at time scales much longer than the bounce time of the charged particles.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AdiabaticInvariant.DriftMotion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The third invariant for charged particle motion in a dipolar magnetic field is associated with drift of its guiding center in the equatorial plane. The conserved quantity, J<sub>2</sub>, is equal to qφ where q is the particle charge and φ is the magnetic flux enclosed within the particle drift path.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AkasofuEpsilon"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the magnetopause energy flux and an indicator of the solar wind power available for subsequent magnetospheric energization. Defined as: V*B^2*l^2sin(theta/2)^4 where B is the IMF, l is an empirical scaling parameter equal to 7 R<sub>E</sub>, and theta=tan(By/Bz)^-1 the IMF clock angle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Albedo"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ratio of reflected radiation from the surface to incident radiation upon it.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AlfvenMachNumber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the Alfven speed.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AlfvenVelocity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Phase velocity of the Alfven wave. In SI units it is the velocity of the magnetic field divided by the square root of the mass density times the permeability of free space (μ<sub>0</sub>).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ArrivalDirection"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An angular measure of the direction from which an energetic particle or photon was incident on a detector. The angles may be measured in any coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AtomicNumberDetected"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom as determined by a detector.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AverageChargeState"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the composite deficit (positive) or excess (negative) of electrons with respect to protons.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ChargeFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of ionized particles passing through a unit area per unit time, for instance as measured by a Faraday cup.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ChargeState"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Charge of a fully or partially stripped ion, in units of the charge of a proton. Charge state of a bare proton is equal to one.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CountRate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of events per unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Counts"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of detection events occurring in a detector over the detector accumulation time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Current"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">It is the scalar quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit time flowing across a given surface.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="CurrentDensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">It is the vector quantity giving the net charge (summed over charged particle species) per unit cross-sectional area per unit time flowing through a given point. Measurements of current density are often provided in terms of the magnetic perturbations (superposed upon a background magnetic field, if present) associated with the current density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DopplerFrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Change in the frequency of a propagating wave due to motion of the source, the observer, the reflector, or the propagation medium.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DynamicPressure"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Dynamic pressure is a measure of the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid. For instance, the solar wind dynamic pressure or ram pressure for a purely proton plasma is equal to m<sub>p</sub> n V<sup>2</sup> where m<sub>p</sub> is the proton mass, n is the proton number density, and V is the solar wind speed.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Electric"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The physical attribute that exerts an electrical force.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Electromagnetic"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Electric and magnetic field variations in time and space that propagate through a medium or a vacuum. The wave propagation direction, electric field vector, and magnetic field vector form an orthogonal triad. Waves in this category are detected by having their field quantities measured.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Emissivity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The energy emitted spontaneously per unit bandwidth (typically frequency) per unit time per unit mass of source. Emissivity is usually integrated over all directions/solid angles.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Energy"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doing work (potential energy) or the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic energy).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EnergyDensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The amount of energy per unit volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EnergyFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The amount of energy passing through a unit area in a unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EnergyPerCharge"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The kinetic energy, E, per unit net charge, q, that is E/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Entropy"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A function of thermodynamic quantity, such as temperature, pressure, or composition, that is a measure of the energy that is not available for work during a thermodynamic process. It is often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EquivalentWidth"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The spectral width of a total absorption line having the amount of absorbed radiant energy being equivalent to that in an observed absorption line.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FlowSpeed"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The rate at which particles or energy is passing through a unit area in a unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FlowVelocity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The volume of matter passing through a unit area perpendicular to the direction of flow in a unit of time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Fluence"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The time integral of a flux. A fluence is a not a measurement of flux per unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Frequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FrequencyToGyrofrequencyRatio"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ratio of the characteristic frequency of a medium to gyrofrequency of a particle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="GeometricFactor"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the gathering power of a particle detector. The geometric factor can be used to correct particle measurements by accounting for the fact that only a fraction of the source particles is able to gain entry through the aperture of a detector. For an isotopic source distribution, the geometric factor corresponds to the solid angle subtended by the aperture. In practice, determination of the geometric factor requires numerical modeling and depends on detector design and the characteristics of the source.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Gyrofrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of gyrations around a magnetic guiding center (field line) a charged particle makes per unit time due to the Lorentz force.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="HeatFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Flow of thermal energy through a gas or plasma typically computed as third moment of a distribution function.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="IMFClockAngle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The clockwise angle of the direction of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) measured in the plane of the body pole perpendicular to the line between the body and the Sun.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Intensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The measurement of radiant or wave energy per unit detector area per unit bandwidth per unit solid angle per unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="LShell"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The L-shell is the magnetic equatorial radius (in units of planetary radii) of a dipole magnetic field line. For instance, if the L-shell value equals 6 say at Earth, the magnetic field lines cross the magnetic equator at six Earth radii. The L-shell concept can be applied generally to any magnetized planet or satellite with a dominant dipolar magnetic field moment.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="LineDepth"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The measure of the amount of absorption below the continuum (depth) in a particular wavelength or frequency in an absorption spectrum.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Lines"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of 1-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points along a line though a model volume. For instance, the points of the line may correspond to the trajectory of a spacecraft through model space.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="LowerHybridFrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Lower hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons and ions in a magnetized plasma. The propagation of lower hybrid waves must be close to perpendicular to the background magnetic field in so that electrons cannot move along field lines thus preventing wave growth. The lower hybrid frequency, φ<sub>LH</sub>, can be calculated by using φ<sub>LH</sub>=[(ω<sub>ce</sub>ω<sub>ci</sub>)<sup>-1</sup>+φ<sub>pi</sub><sup>-2</sup>]<sup>-1/2</sup> where ω<sub>ce</sub> and ω<sub>ci</sub> are the electron and ion cyclotron frequencies, respectively, and $phi;<sub>LH</sub> is the ion plasma frequency.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetic"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The physical attribute attributed to a magnet or its equivalent.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MagneticField"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of space near a magnetized body where magnetic forces can be detected (as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting, etc.).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MagnetosonicMachNumber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ratio of the velocity of fast mode waves to the Alfven velocity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mass"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The measure of inertia (mass) of individual objects (e.g., aerosols).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MassDensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The mass of particles per unit volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MassNumber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MassPerCharge"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The mass, m, per unit net charge, q, that is m/q, for an electron or an ionized atom, molecule, or dust particle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ModeAmplitude"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">In helioseismology the magnitude of oscillation of waves of a particular geometry.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NumberDensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of particles per unit volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NumberFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of particles passing a unit area in unit time, possibly also per unit energy (or equivalent) and/or per unit look direction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Other"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ParticleRadius"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The mean radius for a Gaussian distribution of particles with an axial ratio of 2 and a distribution width that varies as 0.5 radius. A value of zero means no cloud was detected.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ParticleRigidity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The particle momentum per unit charge. The particle Rigidity, R, is equal to pc/Ze.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PhaseSpaceDensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of particles per unit volume in the six-dimensional space of position and velocity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PlasmaBeta"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ratio of the plasma pressure (nkT) to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a single component plasma or the ratio of the plasma pressure sum over i of (n<sub>i</sub>kT<sub>i</sub>) for all species i to the magnetic pressure (B^2/2μ<sub>0</sub>) in a multi components plasma.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PlasmaFrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A number density dependent characteristic frequency of a plasma.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Polarization"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Direction of the electric vector of an electromagnetic wave. The wave can be linearly polarized in any direction perpendicular to the direction of travel, circularly polarized (clockwise or counterclockwise), unpolarized, or mixtures of the above.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Potential"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The work required per unit charge to move a charge from a reference point to a point at infinity (electric potential is defined to be zero). The electric potential of a spacecraft is often referred to as the spacecraft potential. The spacecraft potential is the electric potential of the spacecraft relative to the potential of the nearby plasma. The spacecraft potential is non-zero because the spacecraft charges to the level that the emitted photoelectron flux going to infinity is balanced by the plasma electron flux to the spacecraft.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PoyntingFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Electromagnetic energy flux transported by a wave characterized as the rate of energy transport per unit area per steradian.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Pressure"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The force per unit area exerted by a particle distribution or field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PropagationTime"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Time difference between transmission and reception of a wave in an active wave experiment.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SolarUVFlux"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The amount of ultraviolet energy originating from the Sun passing through a unit area in a unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SonicMachNumber"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the speed of sound in the medium.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SoundSpeed"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The speed at which sound travels through a medium.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SpatialSeries"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a spacial volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Spectra"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A term that applies to any signal that can be measured or decomposed along a continuous variable such as the electromagnetic radiation which can be decomposed as a function of wavelength or frequency.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="StokesParameters"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Temperature"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the kinetic energy of random motion with respect to the average. Temperature is properly defined only for an equilibrium particle distribution (Maxwellian distribution).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ThermalSpeed"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">For a Maxwellian distribution, the difference between the mean speed and the speed within 69% (one sigma) of all the members of the speed distribution occur.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TimeSeries"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A representation of data showing a set of observations taken at different points in time and charted as a time series.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TotalPressure"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">In an MHD fluid it is the number density (N) times Boltzmann constant times the temperature in Kelvin.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="UpperHybridFrequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Upper hybrid oscillations involve longitudinal motions of electrons perpendicular to the magnetic field. The upper hybrid frequency, φ<sub>UH</sub>, is governed by the relationship φ<sub>UH</sub>^2=φ<sub>pe</sub>^2+θ<sub>ce</sub>^2 where φ<sub>pe</sub> is electron plasma frequency and θ<sub>ce</sub> is the electron cyclotron frequency.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="VCrossB"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The cross product of the charge velocity (V) and the magnetic field (B). It is the electric field exerted on a point charge by a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Velocity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Rate of change of position. Also used for the average velocity of a collection of particles, also referred to as bulk velocity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="VolumeEmissionRate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The volume emission rate, e(r,t,l), is the number of photons emitted per unit source volume per second (photons/m^3/s), as measured along the line of sight between the source point and the observer. The Volume Emission Rate is in general a function of the line-of-sight distance, r, time, t, and wavelength, l. The Volume Emission Rate is actually not a directly measurable quantity. However, the term has been commonly used in both data product descriptions and research publications.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Wavelength"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The peak-to-peak distance over one wave period.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:ModelDomain
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Parameters associated to the model spatial domain.
<xsd:simpleType name="SpatialDimension"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Number of spatial dimensions in the model domain.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:integer"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:VelocityDimension
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Number of velocity dimensions in the model domain.
<xsd:simpleType name="VelocityDimension"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Number of velocity dimensions in the model domain.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:integer"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="FieldDimension"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Number of field dimensions in the model domain.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:integer"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="GridStructure"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Structure of the model grid.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:GridCellSize
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A string list of the cell sizes in each dimension.
<xsd:simpleType name="GridCellSize"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A string list of the cell sizes in each dimension.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="Symmetry"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Symmetry of the model domain.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Axial"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Axial symmetry.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Central"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Central Symmetry.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="None"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A lack or absence of anything.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Plane"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Symmetry across a plane.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="ParticleBoundary"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Parameters associated with the particles at the boundaries of the model.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:FieldBoundary
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Parameters associated with the field boundaries of the model.
<xsd:simpleType name="FieldBoundary"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Parameters associated with the field boundaries of the model.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="Radius"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The length of a line segment from a center point to the perimeter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:SubLongitude
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The longitude on the surface of an object which is directly below another object.
<xsd:simpleType name="SubLongitude"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The longitude on the surface of an object which is directly below another object.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="Period"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A length or era of time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="ObjectMass"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Mass of an object referenced as a modeled region.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="PopulationDensity"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of particles per unit volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:PopulationTemperature
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A measure of the kinetic energy of random motion with respect to the average. Temperature is properly defined only for an equilibrium particle distribution (Maxwellian distribution).
<xsd:simpleType name="PopulationTemperature"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the kinetic energy of random motion with respect to the average. Temperature is properly defined only for an equilibrium particle distribution (Maxwellian distribution).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:PopulationFlowSpeed
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The rate at which particles or energy is passing through a unit area in a unit time.
<xsd:simpleType name="PopulationFlowSpeed"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The rate at which particles or energy is passing through a unit area in a unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Distribution
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Velocity distribution of the particles in a population.
<xsd:simpleType name="Distribution"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Velocity distribution of the particles in a population.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ProductionRate
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The number of items that can be produced during a given period of time.
<xsd:simpleType name="ProductionRate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of items that can be produced during a given period of time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:TotalProductionRate
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The total number of items that can be produced during a given period of time.
<xsd:simpleType name="TotalProductionRate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The total number of items that can be produced during a given period of time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="DensityProfile"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Density profile of the particles in a population.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:InputField
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Parameters associated to a field imposed in the model.
<xsd:simpleType name="InputLabel"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A string list of the labels of each dimension of the input parameter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:FieldValue
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A string list of the values of the input parameter.
<xsd:simpleType name="FieldValue"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A string list of the values of the input parameter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="FieldModel"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Field model imposed in the model run.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:InputProcess
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Parameters associated to a chemical process happening in the model.
<xsd:simpleType name="ProcessType"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Type of chemical process.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="ChargeExchange"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Chemical process involving a charge transfer from an ion (which becomes neutral) to a neutral (which becomes ionized).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DissociativeRecombination"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Chemical process by which an ion is neutralized by capturing an electron, and splits in two new neutral species.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ElectronImpact"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Chemical process by which a neutral is ionized thanks to the energy from the impact of an electron.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PhotoIonization"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Chemical process by which a neutral is ionized thanks to the energy from a photon.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="ProcessCoefficient"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Coefficient associated to a chemical process.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:ProcCoeffType
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Whether the model results are obtained from a stationary solution or are dynamically computed.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
CrossSection
Cross section of the reaction, when the reaction implies the collision of two particles.
enumeration
Frequency
The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time.
enumeration
Other
Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.
enumeration
Rate
Reaction rate: reaction production per unit of time.
<xsd:simpleType name="ProcCoeffType"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Whether the model results are obtained from a stationary solution or are dynamically computed.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="CrossSection"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Cross section of the reaction, when the reaction implies the collision of two particles.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Frequency"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Other"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Not classified with more specific terms. The context of its usage may be described in related text.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Rate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Reaction rate: reaction production per unit of time.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="ProcessModel"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Model used to describe a chemical process.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:DisplayOutput
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
A graphical representation of data wherein the underlying numeric values are not (readily) accessible for analysis. Examples are line plots and spectrograms. A Display Data resource is a type of "data product" which is a set of data that is uniformly processed and formatted, from one or more instruments, typically spanning the full duration of the observations of the relevant instrument(s). A data product may consist of a collection of granules of successive time spans, but may be a single high-level entity.
<xsd:complexType name="DisplayOutput"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A graphical representation of data wherein the underlying numeric values are not (readily) accessible for analysis. Examples are line plots and spectrograms. A Display Data resource is a type of "data product" which is a set of data that is uniformly processed and formatted, from one or more instruments, typically spanning the full duration of the observations of the relevant instrument(s). A data product may consist of a collection of granules of successive time spans, but may be a single high-level entity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="ResourceID" type="spase:ResourceID" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ResourceHeader" type="spase:ResourceHeader" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="AccessInformation" type="spase:AccessInformation" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="ProcessingLevel" type="spase:ProcessingLevel" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ProviderResourceName" type="spase:ProviderResourceName" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ProviderProcessingLevel" type="spase:ProviderProcessingLevel" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ProviderVersion" type="spase:ProviderVersion" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ModeledInstrumentID" type="spase:ModeledInstrumentID" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="MeasurementType" type="spase:MeasurementType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"><xsd:element name="TemporalDescription" type="spase:TemporalDescription"/><xsd:element name="SpatialDescription" type="spase:SpatialDescription"/></xsd:choice><xsd:element name="SpectralRange" type="spase:SpectralRange" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="DisplayCadence" type="spase:DisplayCadence" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ModeledRegion" type="spase:ModeledRegion" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Caveats" type="spase:Caveats" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Keyword" type="spase:Keyword" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="InputResourceID" type="spase:InputResourceID" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Parameter" type="spase:Parameter" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="ModelProduct" type="spase:Product" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Property" type="spase:Property" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Extension" type="spase:Extension" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:ModeledInstrumentID
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The identifier of a modeled instrument description.
<xsd:simpleType name="ModeledInstrumentID"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The identifier of a modeled instrument description.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="spase:typeID"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Product
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Type of article or asset.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
2DCuts
A set of 2-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points located in a planar slice of a model volume.
enumeration
3DCubes
A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a model volume.
enumeration
Lines
A set of 1-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points along a line though a model volume. For instance, the points of the line may correspond to the trajectory of a spacecraft through model space.
enumeration
SpatialSeries
A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a spacial volume.
enumeration
Spectra
A term that applies to any signal that can be measured or decomposed along a continuous variable such as the electromagnetic radiation which can be decomposed as a function of wavelength or frequency.
enumeration
TimeSeries
A representation of data showing a set of observations taken at different points in time and charted as a time series.
<xsd:simpleType name="Product"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Type of article or asset.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="2DCuts"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of 2-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points located in a planar slice of a model volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="3DCubes"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a model volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Lines"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of 1-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at the grid points along a line though a model volume. For instance, the points of the line may correspond to the trajectory of a spacecraft through model space.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SpatialSeries"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A set of 3-D arrays that contain the values of physical parameters, i.e., magnetic field vectors, particle densities, temperatures, etc., at grid points in a spacial volume.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Spectra"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A term that applies to any signal that can be measured or decomposed along a continuous variable such as the electromagnetic radiation which can be decomposed as a function of wavelength or frequency.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TimeSeries"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A representation of data showing a set of observations taken at different points in time and charted as a time series.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Complex Type spase:NumericalOutput
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Data stored as numerical values in a specified format. A Numerical Data resource is a type of "data product" which is a set of data that is uniformly processed and formatted, from one or more instruments, typically spanning the full duration of the observations of the relevant instrument(s). A data product may consist of a collection of granules of successive time spans, but may be a single high-level entity.
<xsd:complexType name="NumericalOutput"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Data stored as numerical values in a specified format. A Numerical Data resource is a type of "data product" which is a set of data that is uniformly processed and formatted, from one or more instruments, typically spanning the full duration of the observations of the relevant instrument(s). A data product may consist of a collection of granules of successive time spans, but may be a single high-level entity.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:sequence><xsd:element name="ResourceID" type="spase:ResourceID" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ResourceHeader" type="spase:ResourceHeader" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="AccessInformation" type="spase:AccessInformation" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="ProcessingLevel" type="spase:ProcessingLevel" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ProviderResourceName" type="spase:ProviderResourceName" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ProviderProcessingLevel" type="spase:ProviderProcessingLevel" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ProviderVersion" type="spase:ProviderVersion" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="ModeledInstrumentID" type="spase:ModeledInstrumentID" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="MeasurementType" type="spase:MeasurementType" minOccurs="1" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:choice minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"><xsd:element name="TemporalDescription" type="spase:TemporalDescription"/><xsd:element name="SpatialDescription" type="spase:SpatialDescription"/></xsd:choice><xsd:element name="SpectralRange" type="spase:SpectralRange" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="ModeledRegion" type="spase:ModeledRegion" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Caveats" type="spase:Caveats" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Keyword" type="spase:Keyword" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="InputResourceID" type="spase:InputResourceID" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Parameter" type="spase:Parameter" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="ModelProduct" type="spase:Product" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/><xsd:element name="Property" type="spase:Property" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/><xsd:element name="Extension" type="spase:Extension" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/></xsd:sequence></xsd:complexType>
Simple Type spase:BackWall
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Back wall of the model domain by which the plasma flow may exit the model.
Diagram
Type
xsd:string
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="BackWall"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Back wall of the model domain by which the plasma flow may exit the model.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:FrontWall
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Front wall of the model domain by which the plasma flow may be injected.
Diagram
Type
xsd:string
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="FrontWall"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Front wall of the model domain by which the plasma flow may be injected.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Obstacle
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Obstacle in the model domain.
Diagram
Type
xsd:string
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Obstacle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Obstacle in the model domain.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:RORIdentifier
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
The assigned Research Organization Registry (ROR) identifier, see https://ror.org/.
Diagram
Type
xsd:string
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="RORIdentifier"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The assigned Research Organization Registry (ROR) identifier, see https://ror.org/.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:SideWall
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Side walls of the modelion domain.
Diagram
Type
xsd:string
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="SideWall"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Side walls of the modelion domain.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"/></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:AdiabaticInvariant
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for properties of a physical system related to periodic phenomena that remains constant under slowly varying conditions.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
MagneticMoment
A constant of motion related to the gyromotion of a particle in a magnetic field that is either static or slowly varying with respect to the gyroperiod. The magnetic moment is usually denoted by using the lower-case Greek letter for mu, μ, and can be calculated by using μ=m(u^2/2B) where m is the particle mass, u is the velocity of the particle perpendicular to the constant or average magnetic field direction, and B is the magnitude of the magnetic field strength.
enumeration
BounceMotion
The second adiabatic invariant is associated with periodic bounce motion of charged particles trapped between two magnetic mirrors on a magnetic field line. The second invariant, termed J, is defined by using the integral J=m ∫ v||*ds where m is the mass of the charged particle, v|| is the particle velocity along the field line, and ds represents elemental arc lengths along the field line. The second adiabatic invariant is conserved as long as changes in the background magnetic field occur at time scales much longer than the bounce time of the charged particles.
enumeration
DriftMotion
The third invariant for charged particle motion in a dipolar magnetic field is associated with drift of its guiding center in the equatorial plane. The conserved quantity, J<sub>2</sub>, is equal to qφ where q is the particle charge and φ is the magnetic flux enclosed within the particle drift path.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="AdiabaticInvariant"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for properties of a physical system related to periodic phenomena that remains constant under slowly varying conditions.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="MagneticMoment"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A constant of motion related to the gyromotion of a particle in a magnetic field that is either static or slowly varying with respect to the gyroperiod. The magnetic moment is usually denoted by using the lower-case Greek letter for mu, μ, and can be calculated by using μ=m(u^2/2B) where m is the particle mass, u is the velocity of the particle perpendicular to the constant or average magnetic field direction, and B is the magnitude of the magnetic field strength.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="BounceMotion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The second adiabatic invariant is associated with periodic bounce motion of charged particles trapped between two magnetic mirrors on a magnetic field line. The second invariant, termed J, is defined by using the integral J=m ∫ v||*ds where m is the mass of the charged particle, v|| is the particle velocity along the field line, and ds represents elemental arc lengths along the field line. The second adiabatic invariant is conserved as long as changes in the background magnetic field occur at time scales much longer than the bounce time of the charged particles.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="DriftMotion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The third invariant for charged particle motion in a dipolar magnetic field is associated with drift of its guiding center in the equatorial plane. The conserved quantity, J<sub>2</sub>, is equal to qφ where q is the particle charge and φ is the magnetic flux enclosed within the particle drift path.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Comet
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for cometary objects.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
1PHalley
1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.
enumeration
26PGriggSkjellerup
26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.
enumeration
67PChuryumovGerasimenko
67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Comet"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for cometary objects.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="1PHalley"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75 to 79 years. The comet was visited by the Halley Armada comprised of the ESA Giotto, Japanese Suisei and Sekigake, and Soviet Union Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft in 1986.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="26PGriggSkjellerup"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">26P/Grigg-Skjellerup is a periodic comet. It was visited by the ESA Giotto spacecraft in July 1992.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="67PChuryumovGerasimenko"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a Jupiter-family comet originally from the Kuiper belt. The ESA Rosetta spacecraft rendezvoused with Comet 67P on August 6, 2014 and then orbited the comet from September 10, 2014 to September 30, 2016. Philae, a lander carried by Rosetta, touched down on the comet surface on November 12, 2014.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Component
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the axis of coordinate systems.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
enumeration
J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
enumeration
K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Component"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the axis of coordinate systems.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="I"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="J"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="K"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:DirectionAngle
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the angle between a vector and a base axis.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
AzimuthAngle
The angle between the projection into the I-J plane of a position or measured vector and the I-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(J/I). This term could be also applied to angles measured in different planes, i.e., the IMF clock angle defined as arctan(|By|/Bz).
enumeration
ElevationAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the I-J plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(K/sqrt(I^2+J^2)).
enumeration
PolarAngle
The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k). This term could be also applied to angles between the vector and other components, for example the IMF cone angle defined as arccos(B<sub>x</sub>/B<sub>t</sub>).
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="DirectionAngle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the angle between a vector and a base axis.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="AzimuthAngle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The angle between the projection into the I-J plane of a position or measured vector and the I-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(J/I). This term could be also applied to angles measured in different planes, i.e., the IMF clock angle defined as arctan(|By|/Bz).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ElevationAngle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The angle between the position or measured vector and the I-J plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(K/sqrt(I^2+J^2)).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PolarAngle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([sqrt(i^2+j^2)]/k). This term could be also applied to angles between the vector and other components, for example the IMF cone angle defined as arccos(B<sub>x</sub>/B<sub>t</sub>).</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:DirectionCosine
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the cosine of the angle between two vectors in a three dimensional Euclidean space.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
I
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
enumeration
J
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
enumeration
K
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="DirectionCosine"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the cosine of the angle between two vectors in a three dimensional Euclidean space.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="I"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the x-axis, but could be the R-axis for an RTN coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="J"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the y-axis, but could be the T-axis for an RTN coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="K"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically, the z-axis, but could be the N-axis for an RTN coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Earth
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the regions surrounding the Earth.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Magnetosheath
The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.
enumeration
Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Moon
The only natural satellite of the Earth.
enumeration
NearSurface
The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.
enumeration
NearSurface.Atmosphere
The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
enumeration
NearSurface.AuroralRegion
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.
enumeration
NearSurface.EquatorialRegion
A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.
enumeration
NearSurface.Ionosphere
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
enumeration
NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
enumeration
NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion
A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
enumeration
NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.
enumeration
NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside
The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.
enumeration
NearSurface.Mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.
enumeration
NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.
enumeration
NearSurface.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
NearSurface.PolarCap
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.
enumeration
NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion
The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.
enumeration
NearSurface.Stratosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
enumeration
NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.
enumeration
NearSurface.Thermosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.
enumeration
NearSurface.Troposphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.
enumeration
Surface
The outermost area of a solid object.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Earth"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the regions surrounding the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosheath"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause, characterized by very turbulent plasma.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Moon"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The only natural satellite of the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearSurface"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude is 2000 km.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearSurface.Atmosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearSurface.AuroralRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearSurface.EquatorialRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearSurface.Ionosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearSurface.Ionosphere.DRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearSurface.Ionosphere.ERegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearSurface.Ionosphere.FRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearSurface.Ionosphere.Topside"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearSurface.Mesosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearSurface.MidLatitudeRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearSurface.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearSurface.PolarCap"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearSurface.SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearSurface.Stratosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearSurface.SubAuroralRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearSurface.Thermosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearSurface.Troposphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Surface"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The outermost area of a solid object.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Hardcopy
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for permanent reproductions, or copy in the form of a physical object, of any media suitable for direct use by a person.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Film
An image recording medium on which usually a negative analog image is registered. A positive analog image can be recovered or reproduced from film, which is usually made of flexible materials for ease of storage and transportation.
enumeration
Microfiche
A sheet of microfilm on which many pages of material have been photographed. A magnification system is used to read the material.
enumeration
Microfilm
Film rolls on which materials are photographed at greatly reduced size. A magnification system is used to read the material.
enumeration
Photograph
An image (positive or negative) registered on a piece of photo-sensitive paper.
enumeration
PhotographicPlate
A rigid (typically glass) medium that functions like film. Its rigidity is for guarding against image distortion due to medium deformation (caused by heat and humidity). Photographic plates are often used for astronomical photography.
enumeration
Print
A sheet of any written or printed material which may include notes or graphics. Multiple printed pages may be bound into a manuscript or book.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Hardcopy"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for permanent reproductions, or copy in the form of a physical object, of any media suitable for direct use by a person.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Film"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An image recording medium on which usually a negative analog image is registered. A positive analog image can be recovered or reproduced from film, which is usually made of flexible materials for ease of storage and transportation.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Microfiche"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A sheet of microfilm on which many pages of material have been photographed. A magnification system is used to read the material.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Microfilm"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Film rolls on which materials are photographed at greatly reduced size. A magnification system is used to read the material.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Photograph"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">An image (positive or negative) registered on a piece of photo-sensitive paper.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PhotographicPlate"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A rigid (typically glass) medium that functions like film. Its rigidity is for guarding against image distortion due to medium deformation (caused by heat and humidity). Photographic plates are often used for astronomical photography.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Print"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A sheet of any written or printed material which may include notes or graphics. Multiple printed pages may be bound into a manuscript or book.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Heliosphere
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for regions of the solar atmosphere which extends roughly from the inner corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Heliosheath
The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.
enumeration
Inner
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.
enumeration
NearEarth
The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.
enumeration
Outer
The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.
enumeration
Remote1AU
A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Heliosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for regions of the solar atmosphere which extends roughly from the inner corona to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar plasma.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Heliosheath"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region extending radially outward from the heliospheric termination shock and in which the decelerated solar wind plasma is still significant.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Inner"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from the solar coronal base to just inside 1 AU.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="NearEarth"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The heliospheric region near the Earth which extends to and includes the area near the L1 and L2 Lagrange point.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Outer"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the heliosphere extending radially outward from just outside 1 AU to the heliospheric termination shock.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Remote1AU"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A roughly toroidal region that includes the orbit of the Earth, but exclusive of the region near the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Integral
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for values above a given threshold and over area or solid-angle range.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Area
Integration over the extent of a planar region, or of the surface of a solid.
enumeration
Bandwidth
Integration over the width a frequency band.
enumeration
SolidAngle
Integration over the angle in 3-D space that an object subtends at a point.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Integral"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for values above a given threshold and over area or solid-angle range.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Area"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Integration over the extent of a planar region, or of the surface of a solid.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Bandwidth"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Integration over the width a frequency band.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SolidAngle"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Integration over the angle in 3-D space that an object subtends at a point.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Ionosphere
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for ionospheric regions.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
DRegion
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
enumeration
ERegion
A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
enumeration
FRegion
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.
enumeration
Topside
The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Ionosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for ionospheric regions.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="DRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="ERegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="FRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Topside"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Jupiter
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the regions surrounding the planet Jupiter.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
enumeration
Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
enumeration
Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
enumeration
Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
enumeration
Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Jupiter"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the regions surrounding the planet Jupiter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Callisto"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Europa"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Ganymede"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Io"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Magnetosphere
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet, and bounded by the magnetopause, that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planet, moon, or asteroid.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet, and bounded by the magnetopause, that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planet, moon, or asteroid.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Mars
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the regions surrounding the planet Mars.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Deimos
The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.
enumeration
Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Phobos
The larger and inner most moon of Mars.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Mars"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the regions surrounding the planet Mars.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Deimos"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The smaller and outermost of the two natural satellites of Mars.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Phobos"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The larger and inner most moon of Mars.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Mercury
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the regions surrounding the planet Mercury.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Mercury"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the regions surrounding the planet Mercury.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:NearSurface
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for regions of the gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Atmosphere
The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
enumeration
AuroralRegion
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.
enumeration
EquatorialRegion
A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.
enumeration
Ionosphere
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
enumeration
Ionosphere.DRegion
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
enumeration
Ionosphere.ERegion
A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
enumeration
Ionosphere.FRegion
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.
enumeration
Ionosphere.Topside
The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.
enumeration
Mesosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.
enumeration
MidLatitudeRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.
enumeration
Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
PolarCap
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.
enumeration
SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion
The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.
enumeration
Stratosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
enumeration
SubAuroralRegion
When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.
enumeration
Thermosphere
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.
enumeration
Troposphere
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="NearSurface"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for regions of the gaseous and possibly ionized environment of a body extending from the surface to some specified altitude.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Atmosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The neutral gases surrounding a body that extends from the surface and is bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="AuroralRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged particles bombarding the upper atmosphere of a planet in the presence of a magnetic field produce an optical phenomenon.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="EquatorialRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region centered on the equator and limited in latitude by approximately 23 deg north and south of the equator.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Ionosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The charged or ionized gases surrounding a body that are nominally bound to the body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Ionosphere.DRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 km to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. One of several layers in the ionosphere.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Ionosphere.ERegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A layer of ionized gas occurring at 90 km to 150 km above the ground. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also called the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Ionosphere.FRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A layer that contains ionized gases at a height of around 150-800 km above sea level, placing it in the thermosphere. the F region has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be thought of as comprising two layers, the F1 layer and F2 layer. One of several layers in the ionosphere. Also known as the Appleton layer.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Ionosphere.Topside"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region at the upper most areas of the ionosphere.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mesosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85 km, temperature decreasing with height.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="MidLatitudeRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">When considering the case of the Earth, the mid-latitude region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 23 deg to 50 deg. The concept of mid-latitude regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The mid-latitude regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at mid-latitude on the Earth are well positioned to measure magnetic storm-time ring current variations.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="PolarCap"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The areas of the globe surrounding the poles and consisting of the region north of 60 deg north latitude and the region south of 60 deg south latitude.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SouthAtlanticAnomalyRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region where the inner Van Allen radiation belt makes its closest approach to the surface of the Earth. The result is that, for a given altitude, the radiation intensity is higher over this region than elsewhere.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Stratosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature increases with height. The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="SubAuroralRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">When considering the case of the Earth, the sub-auroral region typically refers to two latitudinal bands, one in the northern hemisphere and the other in the southern hemisphere extending from about 50 deg to low 60 deg latitude. The concept sub-auroral regions does not apply to all bodies in the solar system and different latitudinal ranges would apply for each body case by case. The sub-auroral regions may be defined by using either planetographic or magnetic coordinates if the magnetic dipole is closely aligned with the spin axis of a magnetized body. Ground magnetometers located at sub-auroral latitudes on the Earth measure a mixture of activity driven by auroral zone currents and the ring current.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Thermosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The layer of the atmosphere that extends from the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing with height.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Troposphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins at the surface and extends to between 7 km (4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi) at the equator, with some variation due to weather factors.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Neptune
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the regions surrounding the planet Neptune.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Proteus
The second largest moon of Neptune.
enumeration
Triton
The largest moon of Neptune.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Neptune"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the regions surrounding the planet Neptune.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Proteus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The second largest moon of Neptune.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Triton"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The largest moon of Neptune.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Projection
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers to projections into a coordinate system.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
IJ
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-J (typically X-Y) plane of the coordinate system.
enumeration
IK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-K (typically X-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
enumeration
JK
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the J-K (typically Y-Z) plane of the coordinate system.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Projection"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers to projections into a coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="IJ"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-J (typically X-Y) plane of the coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="IK"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the I-K (typically X-Z) plane of the coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="JK"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the J-K (typically Y-Z) plane of the coordinate system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Saturn
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the regions surrounding the planet Saturn.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Dione
The fourth largest moon of Saturn.
enumeration
Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
enumeration
Iapetus
The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.
enumeration
Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Mimas
The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.
enumeration
Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
enumeration
Tethys
The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.
enumeration
Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Saturn"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the regions surrounding the planet Saturn.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Dione"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The fourth largest moon of Saturn.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Enceladus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Iapetus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The third largest moon of Saturn and the eleventh largest in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Mimas"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The smallest and least massive of the round moons of Saturn.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Rhea"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Tethys"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The fifth largest moon of Saturn and the sixteenth largest moon in the Solar System. The orbit Tethys is the third closest to Saturn of the major Cronian moons.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Titan"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:SpecificModeledRegion
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for areas of the physical world which may be occupied or observed.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Callisto
A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.
enumeration
Enceladus
The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.
enumeration
Europa
The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.
enumeration
Ganymede
The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.
enumeration
Io
The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.
enumeration
Planet
A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor a stellar remnant. In August 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined that in the Solar System a planet is a celestial body that satisfies the following criteria (1) is in orbit around the Sun, (2) has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape), and (3) has "cleared the neighborhood" around its orbit. This definition is still controversial to this day. Many members of the community believe that Pluto, which was demoted to the status dwarf planet, should maintain its planet status.
enumeration
Rhea
The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.
enumeration
Titan
The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.
enumeration
Incident
Direction-dependent property.
enumeration
Title
The name of a published composition, set or data, images or other work.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="SpecificModeledRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for areas of the physical world which may be occupied or observed.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Callisto"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A second largest moon of Jupiter and the third largest moon in the solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Enceladus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The sixth largest moon of Saturn. It is currently endogenously active. The smallest known body in the Solar System that is geologically active today.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Europa"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The sixth closest round moon of Jupiter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Ganymede"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The biggest moon of Jupiter and in the solar system.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Io"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The innermost of the four round moons of the planet Jupiter.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Planet"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is neither a star nor a stellar remnant. In August 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined that in the Solar System a planet is a celestial body that satisfies the following criteria (1) is in orbit around the Sun, (2) has sufficient mass to assume hydrostatic equilibrium (a nearly round shape), and (3) has "cleared the neighborhood" around its orbit. This definition is still controversial to this day. Many members of the community believe that Pluto, which was demoted to the status dwarf planet, should maintain its planet status.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Rhea"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The second largest moon of Saturn and the ninth largest moon in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Titan"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The largest moon of Saturn and the second largest moon in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Incident"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Direction-dependent property.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Title"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The name of a published composition, set or data, images or other work.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Sun
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for regions of the star upon which our solar system is centered.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Chromosphere
The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.
enumeration
Corona
The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.
enumeration
Interior
The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.
enumeration
Photosphere
The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.
enumeration
TransitionRegion
A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Sun"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for regions of the star upon which our solar system is centered.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Chromosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere above the temperature minimum and below the Transition Region. The solar chromosphere is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the photosphere, and characterized by temperatures that range from 4500 K to 28000 K.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Corona"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at about 2100 km above the photosphere. There is no generally defined upper limit.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Interior"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region inside the body which is not visible from outside the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Photosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star from which continuum radiation, especially optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun, the photosphere is about 500 km thick.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="TransitionRegion"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the chromosphere and the corona where the temperature rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000 K.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Text
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the encoding of sequences of characters.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
ASCII
A sequence of characters that adheres to American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) which is a 7-bit character-coding scheme.
enumeration
Unicode
Text in multi-byte Unicode format.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Text"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the encoding of sequences of characters.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="ASCII"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A sequence of characters that adheres to American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) which is a 7-bit character-coding scheme.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Unicode"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Text in multi-byte Unicode format.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Uranus
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the regions surrounding the planet Uranus.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Ariel
The fourth largest moon of Uranus.
enumeration
Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
enumeration
Miranda
The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.
enumeration
Oberon
The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.
enumeration
Puck
The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.
enumeration
Titania
The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.
enumeration
Umbriel
The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Uranus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the regions surrounding the planet Uranus.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Ariel"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The fourth largest moon of Uranus.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Miranda"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The smallest and innermost round moon of Uranus.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Oberon"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The second largest and second most massive moon of Uranus, and the ninth most massive moon in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Puck"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The largest inner spherical moon of Uranus.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Titania"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The largest moon of Uranus and the eighth largest moon in the Solar System.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Umbriel"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The third largest and fourth most massive moon of Uranus.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Venus
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for the regions surrounding the planet Venus.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Magnetosphere
The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Magnetotail
The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Main
The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.Polar
The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.
enumeration
Magnetosphere.RingCurrent
One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Venus"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for the regions surrounding the planet Venus.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space above the atmosphere or surface of the planet and bounded by the magnetopause that is under the direct influence of the magnetic field of a planetary body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Magnetotail"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of space within the magnetosphere of a magnetized planetary body where the nightside magnetic field is stretched out in the anti-stellar direction by stellar wind interaction into a windsock-like shape. For Earth, solar wind-magnetosphere interaction produces a magnetotail that extends tailward from a distance of about 10 R<sub>E</sub> on the nightside to downstream distances beyond 1000 R<sub>E</sub>.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Main"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region of the magnetosphere where the magnetic field lines are closed, but does not include the gaseous region gravitationally bound to the body.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Plasmasphere"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">A region of the magnetosphere consisting of low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause, which is defined by an order of magnitude drop in plasma density.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.Polar"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region near the pole of a body. For a magnetosphere the polar region is the area where magnetic field lines are open and includes the auroral zone.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.RadiationBelt"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy particles could potentially be trapped in a magnetic field.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Magnetosphere.RingCurrent"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">One of the major current systems confined within planetary magnetospheres. The ring current circles in the magnetic equatorial plane of magnetospheres. It is generated by the longitudinal drift of energetic charged particles trapped on inner, dipole-like magnetospheric field lines. At the Earth, the ring current is carried by 10 keV to 200 keV charged particles typically located at L-shells between 3 and 6. The ring current is also the primary driver of the Sym H and Dst Indices of magnetic storm activity at the Earth.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
Simple Type spase:Waves
Namespace
http://www.spase-group.org/data/schema
Annotations
Identifiers for experimental and natural wave phenomena.
Diagram
Type
restriction of xsd:string
Facets
enumeration
Active
Exerting an influence or producing a change or effect. An active measurement is one which produces a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.
enumeration
Passive
Movement or effect produced by outside influence. A passive measurement is one which does not produce a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.
Source
<xsd:simpleType name="Waves"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Identifiers for experimental and natural wave phenomena.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation><xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"><xsd:enumeration value="Active"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Exerting an influence or producing a change or effect. An active measurement is one which produces a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration><xsd:enumeration value="Passive"><xsd:annotation><xsd:documentation xml:lang="en">Movement or effect produced by outside influence. A passive measurement is one which does not produce a transmission or excitation as a part of the measurement cycle.</xsd:documentation></xsd:annotation></xsd:enumeration></xsd:restriction></xsd:simpleType>
