| enumeration |
Carrington |
A coordinate system which is centered at the Sun and is fixed with respect to the synodic rotation rate. The mean synodic value is about 27.2753 days. The Astronomical Almanac gives a value for Carrington longitude of 349.03 deg at 0000 UT on 1 January 1995. |
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| enumeration |
CGM |
Corrected Geomagnetic - A coordinate system from a spatial point with GEO radial distance and geomagnetic latitude and longitude, follow the epoch-appropriate IGRF/DGRF model field vector through to the point where the field line crosses the geomagnetic dipole equatorial plane. Then trace the dipole magnetic field vector Earthward from that point on the equatorial plane, in the same hemisphere as the original point, until the initial radial distance is reached. Designate the dipole latitude and longitude at that point as the CGM latitude and longitude of the original point, see http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/cgm/cgmm_des.html. |
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| enumeration |
CSO |
Corrected Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Earth where x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction. |
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| enumeration |
DM |
Dipole Meridian - A coordinate system centered at the observation point. The z-axis is parallel to the dipole axis of the Earth, positive northward. x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the line linking the observation point with the center of the Earth. The y-axis is positive eastward, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf. |
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| enumeration |
ECD |
Eccentric Dipole (ECD) coordinate system that aligns with a dipole whose origin and orientation may be different from the physical center and spin axis of the containing body. The IGRF-12 coefficients for 2015 are used to determine the origin for the Earth. The 2015 positions are North dip pole: latitude: 86.29, longitude -160.06. South dip pole latitude: -64.28, longitude: 136.59, North geometric pole latitude: 80.37, longitude: -72.63, South geomagnetic pole latitude: -80.37, longitude: 107.37. ECD is defined in doi:10.1186/s40623-015-0228-9. |
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| enumeration |
ECEF |
The Earth-Centered, Earth-Fixed (ECEF) coordinate system has point (0,0,0) defined as the center of mass of the Earth. Its axes are aligned with the International Reference Pole (IRP) and International Reference Meridian (IRM). The x-axis intersects the sphere of the Earth at 0 deg latitude (Equator) and 0 deg longitude (Greenwich). The z-axis points north. The y-axis completes the right-handed coordinate system. |
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| enumeration |
ENP |
ENP (also called PEN) - The P-axis points northward, perpendicular to orbital plane. For an orbit with zero inclination, the P-axis is parallel to spin axis of the Earth. The E-axis is perpendicular to the P and N directions and points earthward. The N-axis is perpendicular to P and E and is positive eastward. |
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| enumeration |
GEI |
GEI Geocentric Equatorial Inertial - A coordinate system where the z-axis is along spin axis of the Earth, positive northward. The x-axis points towards the first point of Aries (from the Earth towards the Sun at the vernal equinox), see Russell, 1971. When the x-axis is the direction of the mean vernal equinox of J2000, the coordinate system is also called GCI. Then the z-axis is also defined as being normal to the mean Earth equator of J2000. |
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| enumeration |
GEO |
Geographic - geocentric corotating - A coordinate system where the z-axis is along spin axis of the Earth, positive northward. The x-axis lies in Greenwich meridian, positive towards Greenwich, see Russell, 1971. |
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| enumeration |
GPHIO |
Kronian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Saturn where the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction. |
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| enumeration |
GSE |
Geocentric Solar Ecliptic - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun. The z-axis is normal to the ecliptic, positive northward, see Russell, 1971. |
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| enumeration |
GSEQ |
Geocentric Solar Equatorial - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun. The y-axis is parallel to solar equatorial plane. The z-axis is positive northward, see Russell, 1971. |
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| enumeration |
GSM |
Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the geomagnetic dipole axis, see Russell, 1971. |
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| enumeration |
HAE |
Heliocentric Aries Ecliptic - A coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. The x-axis is positive towards the first point of Aries (from Earth to Sun at vernal equinox). Same as SE below, see Hapgood, 1992. |
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| enumeration |
HCC |
Heliocentric Cartesian - A 3-D orthonormal coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points toward the observer. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis is positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Standard representation for this system is based on (x,y) position of the point of interest expressed either as physical distances or as fractions of the solar disk radius. |
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| enumeration |
HCI |
Heliographic Carrington Inertial. |
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| enumeration |
HCR |
Heliocentric Radial - A 3-D orthonormal coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points toward the observer. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis, positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Standard representation for this system is based on distance rho from the z-axis (sqrt(x**2+y**2)) and the phase angle psi measured counterclockwise from the positive y-axis (arctan(-y/x)) of the point of interest. |
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| enumeration |
HEE |
Heliocentric Earth Ecliptic - A coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. The x-axis points from Sun to Earth, see Hapgood, 1992. |
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| enumeration |
HEEQ |
Heliocentric Earth Equatorial - A coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the solar equatorial plane, positive northward. The x-axis is generally Earthward in the plane defined by the z-axis and the Sun-Earth direction, see Hapgood, 1992. |
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| enumeration |
HERTN |
Helio-Ecliptic Radial Tangential Normal coordinate system. Typically centered at a spacecraft. The x-axis (radial) is set as the primary-axis, and is defined as the axis pointing from the spacecraft to the Sun. The z-axis (tangential) is set as the secondary-axis, and is defined as that portion of the ecliptic rotational axis which is perpendicular to the primary-axis. The y-axis (Normal) is defined as Z cross X. |
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| enumeration |
HG |
Heliographic - A heliocentric rotating coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the solar equatorial plane, positive northward. The x-axis and y-axis rotate with a period of 25.38 days. The zero longitude (x-axis) is defined as the longitude that passed through the ascending node of the solar equator on the ecliptic plane on 1 January, 1854 at 12 UT, see http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.html. |
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| enumeration |
HGI |
Heliographic Inertial - A heliocentric coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the solar equatorial plane, positive northward. The x-axis is along the intersection line between solar equatorial and ecliptic planes. The x-axis was positive at SE longitude of 74.367 deg on January 1, 1900. (See SE below.) See http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.html. |
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| enumeration |
HGRTN |
Heliocentric Radial Tangential Normal coordinate system (also known as RTN). Typically centered at a spacecraft. Used for IMF and plasma V vectors. The x-axis (radial) is set as the primary-axis, and is defined as the axis pointing from the spacecraft to the Sun. The z-axis (tangential) is set as the secondary-axis, and is defined as that portion of the solar North rotational axis which is perpendicular to the primary-axis. The y-axis (normal) is defined as Z cross X. |
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| enumeration |
HPC |
Helioprojective Cartesian=A 3-D orthonormal (left-handed) coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points from the observer to the center of the solar disk. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis, positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Given as the distance between the observer and the center of the solar disk, the standard representation of an (x,y) point on the solar disk is latitude (arctan(y/d)) and longitude (arctan (x/d)) of the point of interest. |
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| enumeration |
HPR |
Helioprojective Radial - A 3-D orthonormal (left-handed) coordinate system that is primarily intended to specify with two dimensions a point on the solar disk. The z-axis points from the observer to the center of the solar disk. The y-axis lies in the plane defined by the solar spin vector and the z-axis, positive northward. The x-axis is perpendicular to the y-axis and z-axis, positive toward solar west. Given as the distance between the observer and the center of the solar disk, the standard representation for this system of an (x,y) point on the solar disk is latitude angle theta (arctan(sqrt(x**2+y**2)/d))) or equivalent declination parameter delta (theta-90 deg) and the phase angle psi as measured counterclockwise from the positive y-axis (psi=arctan(-y/x)) of the point of interest. |
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| enumeration |
HSM |
Heliospheric Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system where the x-axis is from Earth to Sun, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the geomagnetic dipole axis. |
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| enumeration |
J2000 |
An astronomical coordinate system which uses the mean equator and equinox of Julian date 2451545.0 TT (Terrestrial Time), or January 1, 2000, noon TT to define a celestial reference frame. |
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| enumeration |
JSM |
Jovian Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system related to Jupiter where the x-axis is from Jupiter to Sun, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the Jovian dipole axis. |
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| enumeration |
JSO |
Jovian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Jupiter where x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction. |
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| enumeration |
KSM |
Kronian Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate system related to Saturn where the x-axis is anti-sunward, z-axis is northward in a plane containing the x-axis and the Kronian dipole axis. |
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| enumeration |
KSO |
Kronian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Saturn where x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction. |
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| enumeration |
LGM |
Local Geomagnetic - A coordinate system used mainly for Earth surface or near-Earth surface magnetic field data. The x-axis northward from observation point in a geographic meridian. The z-axis downward towards center of the Earth. In this system, the total horizontal component, H, is equal to sqrt(Bx^2+By^2) and declination angle, D is equal to arctan(By/Bx). |
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| enumeration |
MAG |
Geomagnetic - geocentric. The z-axis is parallel to the geomagnetic dipole axis, positive north. The x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the rotation axis of the Earth. If N is a unit vector from the center of the Earth to the north geographic pole, the signs of the y-axis and x-axis are given by the vector cross products N cross z and y cross z, respectively, see Russell, 1971 and http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf. |
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| enumeration |
MFA |
Magnetic Field Aligned - A coordinate system spacecraft-centered system with the z-axis in the direction of the ambient magnetic field vector. The x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the spacecraft-Sun line, positive sunward, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf. |
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| enumeration |
MSO |
Mars/Mercury Solar Orbital A coordinate system related to Mars or Mercury. A coordinate system where, depending on the body (Mars or Mercury), the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction. |
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| enumeration |
RTN |
Radial Tangential Normal. Typically centered at a spacecraft. Used for IMF and plasma V vectors. The x-axis (radial) is set as the primary-axis, and is defined as the axis pointing from the spacecraft to the Sun. The z-axis (tangential) is set as the secondary-axis, and is defined as that portion of the solar North rotational axis which is perpendicular to the primary-axis. The y-axis (normal) is defined as Z cross X. |
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| enumeration |
SC |
Spacecraft - A coordinate system defined by the spacecraft geometry and/or spin. Often has z-axis parallel to spacecraft spin vector. The x-axis and y-axis may or may not corotate with the spacecraft, see SR and SR2 below. |
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| enumeration |
SE |
Solar Ecliptic - A heliocentric coordinate system where the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. The x-axis is positive towards the first point of Aries (from Earth to Sun at vernal equinox). Same as HAE above, see http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.htmlr. |
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| enumeration |
SM |
Solar Magnetic - A geocentric coordinate system where the z-axis is northward along dipole axis of the Earth, x-axis is in plane of z-axis and Earth-Sun line, positive sunward, see Russell, 1971. |
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| enumeration |
SpacecraftOrbitPlane |
A coordinate system where x-axis lies in the plane normal to and in the direction of motion of the spacecraft, the z-axis is normal to this plane and the y-axis completes the triad to form a right-handed coordinate system. |
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| enumeration |
SR |
Spin Reference - A special case of a Spacecraft (SC) coordinate system for a spinning spacecraft. The z-axis is parallel to the spacecraft spin vector. The x-axis and y-axis rotate with the spacecraft, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf. |
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| enumeration |
SR2 |
Spin Reference 2 - A special case of a Spacecraft (SC) coordinate system for a spinning spacecraft. The z-axis is parallel to the spacecraft spin vector while the x-axis is in the plane defined by the z-axis and the spacecraft-Sun line, positive sunward, see http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf. |
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| enumeration |
SSE |
Spacecraft Solar Ecliptic - A coordinate system used for deep space spacecraft, i.e., consider the Helios spacecraft with the x-axis from spacecraft to Sun, the z-axis normal to ecliptic plane positive northward. Note that the angle between the normal to ecliptic plane and the normal to the Helios orbital plane is ~0.25 deg. |
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| enumeration |
SSE_L |
Selenocentric Solar Ecliptic - The x-axis points from the center of the Moon to the Sun, the z-axis is normal to the ecliptic plane, positive northward. And the y-axis completes the right-handed set of axes. |
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| enumeration |
TIIS |
Kronian Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Saturn where the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis points in the orbital velocity direction. |
|
| enumeration |
VSO |
Venus Solar Orbital - A coordinate system related to Venus where the x-axis is anti-sunward and the y-axis point along the orbital velocity direction. |
|
| enumeration |
WGS84 |
The World Geodetic System (WGS) defines a reference frame for the Earth, for use in geodesy and navigation. The WGS84 uses the zero meridian as defined by the Bureau International de lHeure. |
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