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Anisotropy |
Direction-dependent property. |
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Array |
A sequence of values corresponding to the elements in a rectilinear, n-dimension matrix. Each value can be referenced by a unique index. |
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Average |
The statistical mean; the sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set. |
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Characteristic |
A quantity which can be easily identified and measured in a given environment. |
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Circular |
Relative to polarization, right-hand circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating clockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. Left-hand circularly polarized light is defined such that the electric field is rotating counterclockwise as seen by an observer towards whom the wave is moving. The polarization of magnetohydrodynamic waves is specified with respect to the ambient mean magnetic field : right-hand polarized waves have a transverse electric field component which turns in a right-handed sense (that of the gyrating electrons) around the magnetic field. |
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Column |
A two-dimensional measure of a quantity. The column is the area over which the quantity is measured. |
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Component |
Projection of a vector along one of the base axes of a coordinate system. |
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Component.I |
Projection of a vector along the first named axis of a coordinate system. Typically the X axis, but could be the R axis for an RTN coordinate system. |
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Component.J |
Projection of a vector along the second named axis of a coordinate system. Typically the Y axis, but could be the T axis for an RTN coordinate system. |
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Component.K |
Projection of a vector along the third named axis of a coordinate system. Typically the Z axis, but could be the N axis for an RTN coordinate system. |
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CrossSpectrum |
The Fourier transform of the cross correlation of two physical or empirical observations. |
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Deviation |
The difference between an observed value and the expected value of a quantity. |
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Differential |
A flux measurement within a narrow range of energy and/or solid angle. |
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Direction |
The spatial relation between an object and another object, the orientation of the object or the course along which the object points or moves. |
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DirectionAngle |
The angle between a position vector or measured vector (or one of its projections onto a plane) and one of the base axes of the coordinate system. |
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DirectionAngle.AzimuthAngle |
The angle between the projection into the i-j plane of a position or measured vector and the i-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(j/i). |
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DirectionAngle.ElevationAngle |
The angle between the position or measured vector and the i-j plane of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan(k/SQRT(i^2+j^2)). |
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DirectionAngle.PolarAngle |
The angle between the position or measured vector and the k-axis of the coordinate system. Mathematically defined as arctan([SQRT(i^2+j^2)]/k). |
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FieldAligned |
The component of a quantity which is oriented in the same direction of a field. |
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Fit |
Values that make an model agree with the data. |
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Group |
An assemblage of values that a certain relation or common characteristic. |
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Integral |
A flux measurement in a broad range of energy and solid angle. |
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Integral.Area |
Integration over the extent of a planar region, or of the surface of a solid. |
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Integral.Bandwidth |
Integration over the width a frequency band. |
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Integral.SolidAngle |
Integration over the angle in three-dimensional space that an object subtends at a point. |
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LineOfSight |
The line of sight is the line that connects the observer with the observed object. This expression is often used with measurements of Doppler velocity and magnetic field in magnetograms, where only the component of the vector field directed along the line of sight is measured. |
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Linear |
Polarization where the E-field vector is confined to a given plane |
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Magnitude |
A measure of the strength of a vector quantity or length of its representational vector. |
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Moment |
Parameters determined by integration over a distribution function convolved with a power of velocity. |
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Parallel |
Having the same direction as a given direction |
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Peak |
The maximum value for the quantity in question, over a period of time which is usually equal to the cadence. |
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Perpendicular |
At right angles to a given direction. |
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Perturbation |
Variations in the state of a system. |
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Phase |
A point or portion in a recurring series of changes. |
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PhaseAngle |
Phase difference between two or more waves, normally expressed in degrees. |
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Projection |
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector as projected into a plane of the coordinate system. |
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Projection.IJ |
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the i-j (typically X-Y) plane of the coordinate system. |
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Projection.IK |
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the i-k (typically X-Z) plane of the coordinate system. |
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Projection.JK |
A measure of the length of a position or measured vector projected into the j-k (typically Y-Z) plane of the coordinate system. |
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Pseudo |
Similar to or having the appearance of something else. Can be used to indicate an estimation or approximation of a particular quantity. |
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Ratio |
The relative magnitudes of two quantities. |
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Scalar |
A quantity that is completely specified by its magnitude and has no direction. |
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Spectral |
Characterized as a range or continuum of frequencies |
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StandardDeviation |
The square root of the average of the squares of deviations about the mean of a set of data. Standard deviation is a statistical measure of spread or variability. |
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StokesParameters |
A set of four parameters (usually called I,Q, U and V) which describe the polarization state of an electromagnetic wave propagating through space. |
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Symmetric |
Equal distribution about one or more axes. |
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Tensor |
A generalized linear quantity or geometrical entity that can be expressed as a multi-dimensional array relative to a choice of basis of the particular space on which it is defined. |
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Total |
The summation of quantities over all possible species. |
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Trace |
The sum of the elements on the main diagonal (the diagonal from the upper left to the lower right) of a square matrix. |
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Uncertainty |
A statistically defined discrepancy between a measured quantity and the true value of that quantity that cannot be corrected by calculation or calibration. |
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Variance |
A measure of dispersion of a set of data points around their mean value. The expectation value of the squared deviations from the mean. |
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Vector |
A set of parameter values each along some independent variable (e.g., components of a field in three orthogonal spatial directions; atmospheric temperature values at several altitudes, or at a given latitude and longitude;). |
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