Space Physics Archive Search and Extract (SPASE).
The outermost container or envelope for SPASE
metadata. This indicates the start of the
SPASE metadata.
A tabular listing of events or observational
notes, especially those that have utility
in aiding a user in locating data. Catalogues
include lists of events, files in a product,
and data availability.
Attributes of a resource which pertain to
the provider of the resource and descriptive
information about the resource.
The person or organization who may be able
to provide special assistance or serve as
a channel for communication for additional
information about a resource.
Attributes of the method of acquiring additional
information.
Attributes of the resource which pertain to
how to acquire the resource, availability
and storage format.
Attributes of the method of acquiring a resource
including a URL, name and description.
The area of storage in a file system required
to store the contents of a resource. The data
extent is expressed in unitized bytes.
The duration of an interval in time.
Specification of the origin and orientation
of axes against which the location of some
point is given and the representative form
of each point.
Attributes to aid in the rendering of parameter.
The organization and relationship of individual
values within a quantity.
A component or indiviual unit of a multiple
value quantity such as an array or vector.
The space around a radiating body within which
its electromagnetic attributes can exert force
on another similar body that is not in direct
contact.
The range of possible values for the observed
frequency.
A grouping of observations according to a
band or window of a common attribute.
A description of the types of particles observed
in the measurement. This includes both direct
observations and inferred observations.
The minimum and maximum energy values of the
particles represented by a given "physical
parameter" description.
The range of possible azimuthal angles for
a group of energy observations. Default units
are degrees.
The range of possible polar angles for a group
of energy observations. Defaults units are
degrees.
Photon (radio through gamma-rays): the fundamental
particle or quantum of electromagnetic radiation
(radiant energy)
The range of possible values for the observed
wavelength.
Information useful in understanding the context
of an observation, typically observed or measured
coincidentally with a physical observation.
A graphical representation of data wherein
the underlying numeric values are not (readily)
accessible for analysis.. Examples are line
plots and spectrograms.
A characterization of the time over which
the measurement was taken.
Data stored as numerical values in a specified
format.
A set of information designed and presented
as an individual entity. A document may contain
plain or formatted text, inlined graphics,
sound, other multimedia data, or hypermedia
references. Some examples of documents include
a paper, letter, book, user guide, map, drawing,
photograph, or image.
An accessible portion of another resource.
A Granule may be composed of one or more physical
pieces (files) which are considered inseperable.
For example, a data storage format that maintains
metadata and binary data in seperate, but
tightly coupled files. Granules should not
be used to group files that have simple relationships
or which are associated through a parent resource.
For example, each file containing a time interval
data for a Numerical Data resource would each
be considered a Granule. The ParentID of a
Granule resource must be a NumericalData resource.
The attributes of a Granule supersede the
corresponding attributes in the NumericalData
resource.
The location and attributes of an object.
A computed value that is dependent upon the
contents of a digital data object. Primarily
used to check whether errors or alterations
have occurred during the transmission or storage
of a data object.
A device which is used to sense and parameterize
a physical phenomenon.
The host (spacecraft, network, facility) for
instruments making observations.
A position in space definable by a regional
referencing system and geographic coordinates.
An individual human being.
A location or facility where resources are
cataloged.
A location or facility where resources are
stored.
A location or facility that can perform a
well defined task.
Permissions granted or denied by the host
of a product to allow other users to access
and use the resource.
The individual, group or organization which
should be acknowledged when the data is used
in or contributes to a presentation or publication.
Directions for finding some location; written
on letters or packages that are to be delivered
to that location.
An alternative or shortened name used to refer
to a resource. This includes acronyms, expanded
names or synonym for a resource.
The resource identifier for a resource with
which this resource is closely associated.
The the number of protons in the nucleus of
an atom.
An indication of the method or service which
may be used to access the resource.
A short character string (approximately 10
characters, but preferably 6 characters -
more only if absolutely required for clarity)
which can be used to label a y-axis for a
plot or to provide a heading for a data listing.
A common or provider assigned name for a range
of values.
The time interval between the start of successive
measurements.
Information which may be important in the
avoidance of misuse of the resource. This
includes things such as instrument maladies,
corruption or contamination.
A part of a multi-part entity, e.g., the components
of a vector.
The method or form for specifying a given
point in a given coordinate system
Identifies the coordinate system in which
the position, direction or observation has
been expressed.
A detailed description of the resource which
should include discussions of the main quantities
in the resource, possible uses and search
terms. A description should also include whether
any corrections (i.e, geometry, inertial)
have been applied to it.
The time interval between the successive display
elements.
The general styling or type of plot that is
suitable for the variable.
A characterization of the content or purpose
of a document.
The distance in meters above (positive) or
below (negative) the "zero elevation" defined
by the World Geodetic System reference frame
(WGS84).
The electronic address at which the individual
may be contacted expressed in the form "local-part@domain".
A set of unambiguous rules that establishes
the representation of information within a
file.
The date and time when a resource is no longer
available. If the Expiration Date is specified
then it indicates that resource should not
be made available after that time. However,
this is only advisory and in practice a resource
description should be unpublished to eliminate
access to a resource.
The time interval over which an individual
measurement is taken.
A container of other metadata which is not
part of the SPASE data model. The contents
of this element are defined by individual
usage. The organization and content are constrained
by the implementation. For example, in an
XML representation of the SPASE metadata the
content must conform to the XML specications.
The symbols and numerals required to send
a facsimile (FAX) to an individual by telephone.
The string may contain punctuation marks such
as dash (-) or dot (.) to separate fields
within the string.
The physical attribute of the field.
A value that indidicates that a qunatity is
undefined.
A string defining the output format used when
extracting data values out to a file or screen.
The magnitude and the number of significant
figures needed should be carefully considered.
The output format string can be in either
Fortran or C syntax.
A function or algorithm that converts a digital
data object into a hash value. Typically the
hash value is small and concise when compared
to the digital data object.
The value calculated by a hash function, e.g.
the message digest of a digital data object.
The largest value within a range of possible
values.
The location of an item in an array or vetor.
An index can be multivalued to represent the
location in a multidimensional object.
The resource identifier for a resource which
was used to generate this resource.
The identifier of an Instrument resource.
A characterization of an integrated collection
of software and hardware containing one or
more sensors and associated controls used
to produce data on an environment.
The name given to the contract or engagement
which enabled the data to be produced. Each
investigation is associated with a Principal
Investigator or Guest Investigator who was
responsible for the original proposal. For
single PI missions each major subsystem having
its own identified Team Leader may also be
classed as an "Investigation" for the purposes
of data archiving.
A word or phrase that is relevant to the resource
but does not exist in other documentary information.
The two character indicator of language selected
from the ISO 630-1 codes for the representation
of names of languages.
The location of a place on Earth specified
as an angle east (positive) or west (negative)
of a north-south line called the Prime Meridian
defined by the coordinate system in use.
The location of a place on Earth specified
as an angle north (positive) or south (negative)
of the equator defined by the coordinate system
in use.
The smallest value within a range of possible
values.
A characterization of the quantitative assessment
of a phenomenon.
A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) to al aternate
location of a resource.
A measured observation which is derived from
a combination of two or more individual measurements.
A language unit by which a person or thing
is known.
Information which is useful or important for
the understanding of a value or parameter.
A set of programmatically related observatories.
The value is taken from an approved list of
observatory group names.
The identifier of an Observatory resource.
A spatial location distinguished by certain
natural features or physical characteristics
where an observatory is located.
The portion of space measured by the instrument
at the time of an observation. A region is
distinguished by certain natural features
or physical characteristics. It is the location
of the observatory for in situ data, the location
or region sensed by remote sensing observatories
and the location-of-relevance for parameters
that are derived from observational data.
A unit within a company or other entity (e.g.,
Government agency or branch of service) within
which many projects are managed as a whole.
The name or identfier which can be used to
access the parameter in the resource. The
associated value is dependent on the service
used to access the resource.
The resource identifier for a resource that
a resource is a part of. The resource inherits
the attributes of the referenced resource.
Attributes defined in the resource override
attributes of the parent in the manner perscribed
by the containing resource.
A characterization of the physical properties
of the particle.
A characterization of the kind of particle
observed by the measurement.
The time interval over which a characterization
applies. For example, the number of bytes
generated each day.
The identifier assigned to a Person description.
The words used to address an individual.
The characteristics or categorization of an
event type.
The symbols and numerals required to contact
an individual by telephone. The string may
contain punctuation marks such as dash (-)
or dot (.) to separate fields within the string.
A characterization of the physical properties
of the photon.
The resource identifier for a resource that
is superceeded or replaced by a resource.
The standard classification of the processing
performed on the product.
The provider specific classification of the
processing performed on the product.
A short textual description of a resource
used by the provider which may be used to
identify a resource.
Describes the release or edition of the product
used by the provider. The formation rule may
vary between providers. It is intended to
aid in queries to the provider regarding the
product.
Characterizes the refinement to apply to a
type or attribute of a quanity.
A value that describes a characteristic of
a system.
An indication of the nominal end date relative
to the present.
The date and time when a resource is made
available. The availability of a resource
coincides with the release of a resource description.
If the Release Date is specified as a future
date then it indicates that resource should
not be made available until that time. However,
this is only advisory and in practice the
Release Date should be the actual date the
resource description was published.
The identifier of an Repository resource.
A Resource ID is a URI that has the form "scheme://authority/path"
where "scheme" is "spase" for those resources
administered through the SPASE framework,
"authority" is the unique identifier for the
resource provider registered within the SPASE
framework and "path" is the unique identifier
of the resource within the context of the
"authority". The resource ID must be unique
within the SPASE framework.
A short textual description of a resource
which may be useful when read by a person.
The assigned or assumed function or position
of an individual.
The maximum value that the variable is expected
to attain. Used, for example, by automated
plotting software.
The minimum value that the variable is expected
to attain. Used, for example, by automated
plotting software.
The scaling to apply to an axis. If this attribute
is not present, linear scale should be assumed.
A collection of items for a particular purpose.
The number of elements in each dimension of
a multi-dimensional array. =1 for a scalar;
= n for a vector, the number of vector elements;
= (m, n, p ...). Note that the number of
elements in the size of an N-dimensional array
conveys the array's dimensionality while the
product of those numbers conveys the total
number of elements in the array. When size
is used to describe a tensor it is the number
of elements in the tensor. As such it has
a limited set of values. A tensor of rank
1 has a size of 3, rank 2 a size of 9, rank
3 a size of 27 and rank n a size of 3^n.
A characterization of the function or purpose
of the source.
The general term used to describe wavelengths
or frequencies within a given span of values
for those quantities.
The specification of a starting point in time.
The specification of a stopping point in time.
A characterization of the support information.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the global
address of documents and other resources on
the World Wide Web. The first part of the
address indicates what protocol to use, and
the second part specifies the IP address or
the domain name where the resource is located
followed by the pathname of the resource.
A URL is specified in the form protocol://server.domain.name:port/pathname.
Example protocols are HTTP or FTP, server
domain name is the Internet name.
A description of the standardized measurement
increments in which a value is specified.
The description is represented as a mathematical
phrase. Units should be represented by widely
accepted representation. For example, units
should conform to the International System
of Units (SI) which is maintained by BIPM
(Bureau International des Poids et Mesures
(see <http://www.bipm.fr/> ) when appropriate
or use tokens like "Re" to represent units
of the Radius of the Earth. Within a phrase
the circumflex (^) is used to indicate a power,
a star (*) is used to indicate multiplication
and a slash (/) division. When symbols are
not separated by a mathematical operator,
multiplication is assumed. Symbols for base
units can be found at: <http://www.bipm.fr/en/si/si_brochure/chapter2/2-1/#symbols>
and those for common derived units can be
found at: <http://www.bipm.fr/en/si/derived_units/2-2-2.html>
The multiplicative factor for converting a
unit into International System of Units (SI)
units. The factor is expressed in the form
"number > x", where "number" is a numerical
value and "x" is the appropriate SI units.
The basic SI units are Enumerated: m (meter),
N (newton), kg (kilogram), Pa (pascal), s
(second), Hz (hertz), A (ampere), V (volt),
K (kelvin), W (watt), rad (radian), J (joule),
sr (steradian), C (coulomb), T (tesla), ohm
(ohm), mho (mho or seimens), H (henry), and
F (farad). Two useful units which are not
SI units are: degree (angle), and unitless
(no units). An example is: "1.0E-5>T" which
converts the units, presumable nT, to tesla.
Another example is: "1.0e+3>m/s" which converts
a velocity expressed in kilometers per second
to meters per second.
The largest legitmate value.
The smallest legitmate value.
Indicates the release identifier. When used
to indicate the release of the SPASE data
model, it is a in the form Major.Minor.Fix
where Major: A significant change in the architecture
of the model or rewrite of the implementation.
This includes major changes in design or implementation
language. This number starts at 0 (zero).
Minor: An addition of terms or features that
require changes in documentation/external
API. This number starts at 0 (zero). Fix:
Any change that doesn't require documentation/external
API changes. This number starts at 0 (zero).
Version number.
Identifiers for permissions granted or denied
by the host of a product to allow other users
to access and use the resource.
Access is granted to everyone.
Access to the product is regulated and requires
some form of identification.
Identifiers for indicating the method or service
which may be used to access the resource.
Not directly accessible electronically. This
includes resources which may to be moved to
an online status in response to a given request.
Directly accessible electronically.
Identifiers for the axis of coordinate systems.
The angle between the meridian of a vector
and the zero meridian of the coordinate system
in which the vector is expressed. Equivalently,
the angle between the projection of a position
or measured vector into the X-Y plane and
X-axis in the coordinate system in which the
vector is expressed. Also referred to as the
azimuthal angle or "longitude". Mathematically:
Phi = arctan(y/x)
The component of a vector in the radial direction
from the center of the coordinate system.
For spatial points, the angular distance from
a meridian normal to the equator. Also referred
to as the zenith angle or "latitude". As a
"latitude" angles range from +90 to -90 with
zero at the equator and positive angles are
in the direction designated as "North." An
alternate range of values is often called
"co-latitude" where values range from 0 to
+180 as measured from the "north" pole. Mathematically:
Theta = arctan(sqrt(x^2 + y^2)/z)
The component of a vector along the X-axis
in a cartessian coordinate system.
The component of a vector along the Y-axis
in a cartessian coordinate system.
The component of a vector along the Z-axis
in a cartessian coordinate system.
Identifiers the represenational form for coordinate
system.ation has been expressed.
A coordinate system in which the position
of a point is determined by its distance from
two or three mutually perpendicular axes.
A system of curvilinear coordinates in which
the position of a point in space is determined
by its perpendicular distance from a given
line, its distance from a selected reference
plane perpendicular to this line, and its
angular distance from a selected reference
line when projected onto this plane.
A system of curvilinear coordinates characterized
by an azimuthal angle (longitude), a polar
angle (latitude), and a distance (radius)
from a point to the origin.
Identifiers for coordinate systems in which
the position, direction or observation has
been expressed.
A coordinate system which is centered at the
Sun and is "fixed" with repsect to the synodic
rotation rate; the mean synodic value is about
27.2753 days. The Astronomical Almanac gives
a value for Carrington longitude of 349.03
degrees at 0000 UT on 1 January 1995.
Corrected Geomagnetic - A coordinate system
from a spatial point with GEO radial distance
and geomagnetic latitude and longitude, follow
the epoch-appropriate IGRF/DGRF model field
vector through to the point where the field
line crosses the geomagnetic dipole equatorial
plane. Then trace the dipole magnetic field
vector Earthward from that point on the equatorial
plane, in the same hemisphere as the original
point, until the initial radial distance is
reached. Designate the dipole latitude and
longitude at that point as the CGM latitude
and longitude of the original point. See <http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/cgm/cgmm_des.html>
Dipole Meridian - A coordinate system centered
at the observation point. Z axis is parallel
to the Earth's dipole axis, positive northward.
X is in the plane defined by Z and the line
linking the observation point with the Earth's
center. Y is positive eastward. See <http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf>
Geocentric Equatorial Inertial - A coordinate
system where the Z axis is along Earth's spin
vector, positive northward. X axis points
towards the first point of Aries (from the
Earth towards the Sun at the vernal equinox).
See Russell, 1971
Geographic - geocentric corotating - A coordinate
system where the Z axis is along Earth's spin
vector, positive northward. X axis lies in
Greenwich meridian, positive towards Greenwich.
See Russell, 1971.
Geocentric Solar Ecliptic - A coordinate system
where the X axis is from Earth to Sun. Z axis
is normal to the ecliptic, positive northward.
See Russell, 1971.
Geocentric Solar Equatorial - A coordinate
system where the X axis is from Earth to Sun.
Y axis is parallel to solar equatorial plane.
Z axis is positive northward. See Russell,
1971
Geocentric Solar Magnetospheric - A coordinate
system where the X axis is from Earth to Sun,
Z axis is northward in a plane containing
the X axis and the geomagnetic dipole axis.
See Russell, 1971
Heliocentric Aries Ecliptic - A coordinate
system where the Z axis is normal to the ecliptic
plane, positive northward. X axis is positive
towards the first point of Aries (from Earth
to Sun at vernal equinox). Same as SE below.
See Hapgood, 1992.
Heliographic Carrington Inertial.
Heliocentric Earth Ecliptic - A coordinate
system where the Z axis is normal to the ecliptic
plane, positive northward. X axis points from
Sun to Earth. See Hapgood, 1992
Heliocentric Earth Equatorial - A coordinate
system where the Z axis is normal to the solar
equatorial plane, positive northward. X axis
is generally Earthward in the plane defined
by the Z axis and the Sun-Earth direction.
See Hapgood, 1992.
Heliographic - A heliocentric rotating coordinate
system where the Z axis is normal to the solar
equatorial plane, positive northward. X, Y
axes rotate with a 25.38 day period. The zero
longitude (X axis) is defined as the longitude
that passed through the ascending node of
the solar equator on the ecliptic plane on
1 January, 1854 at 12 UT. See <http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.html>
Heliographic Inertial - A heliocentric coordinate
system where the Z axis is normal to the solar
equatorial plane, positive northward. X axis
is along the intersection line between solar
equatorial and ecliptic planes. The X axis
was positive at SE longitude of 74.367 deg
on Jan 1, 1900. (See SE below.) See <http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.html>
An astronomical coordinate system which uses
the mean equator and equinox of Julian date
2451545.0 TT (Terrestrial Time), or January
1, 2000, noon TT. (aka J2000) to define a
celestial reference frame.
Local Geomagnetic - A coordinate system used
mainly for Earth surface or near Earth surface
magnetic field data. X axis northward from
observation point in a geographic meridian.
Z axis downward towards Earth's center. In
this system, H (total horizontal component)
= SQRT (Bx**2 + By**2) and D (declination
angle) = arctan (By/Bx)
Geomagnetic - geocentric. Z axis is parallel
to the geomagnetic dipole axis, positive north.
X is in the plane defined by the Z axis and
the Earth's rotation axis. If N is a unit
vector from the Earth's center to the north
geographic pole, the signs of the X and Y
axes are given by Y = N x Z, X = Y x Z.. See
Russell, 1971, and <http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf>
Magnetic Field Aligned - A coordinate system
spacecraft-centered system with Z in the direction
of the ambient magnetic field vector. X is
in the plane defined by Z and the spacecraft-Sun
line, positive sunward. See <http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf>
Radial Tangential Normal. Typically centered
at a spacecraft. Used for IMF and plasma V
vectors. R (radial) axis is radially away
from the Sun, T (tangential) axis is normal
to the plane formed by R and the Sun's spin
vector, positive in the direction of planetary
motion. N (normal) is R x T.
Spacecraft - A coordinate system defined by
the spacecraft geometry and/or spin. Often
has Z axis parallel to spacecraft spin vector.
X and Y axes may or may not corotate with
the spacecraft. See SR and SR2 below.
Solar Ecliptic - A heliocentric coordinate
system where the Z axis is normal to the ecliptic
plane, positive northward. X axis is positive
towards the first point of Aries (from Earth
to Sun at vernal equinox). Same as HAE above.
See <http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/helios/coor_des.html>
Solar Magnetic - A geocentric coordinate system
where the Z axis is northward along Earth's
dipole axis, X axis is in plane of z axis
and Earth-Sun line, positive sunward. See
Russell, 1971.
A coordinate system where X lies in the orbit
plane normal to and in the direction of motion
of the spacecraft, Z in normal to the orbit
plane and Y completes the triad in a right-handed
coordinate system.
Spin Reference - A special case of a Spacecraft
(SC) coordinate system for a spinning spacecraft.
Z is parallel to the spacecraft spin vector.
X and Y rotate with the spacecraft. See <http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf>
Spin Reference 2 - A special case of a Spacecraft
(SC) coordinate system for a spinning spacecraft.
Z is parallel to the spacecraft spin vector.
X is in the plane defined by Z and the spacecraft-Sun
line, positive sunward. See <http://cdpp.cnes.fr/00428.pdf>
Spacecraft Solar Ecliptic - A coordinate system
used for deep space spacecraft, for example
Helios. - X axis from spacecraft to Sun. Z
axis normal to ecliptic plane, positive northward.
Note: Angle between normals to ecliptic and
to Helios orbit plane ~ 0.25 deg.
The World Geodetic System (WGS) defines a
reference frame for the earth, for use in
geodesy and navigation. The WGS84 uses the
zero meridian as defined by the Bureau International
de l'Heure.
Identifiers for types or classes of rendered
data.
A two-dimenional representation of data with
values at each element of the array related
to an intensity or a color.
A representation of data which is the result
of calculating the frequency spectrum of windowed
frames of a compound signal.
A representation of data showing multiple
sets of observations on a single plot, possibly
offseting each plot by some uniform amount.
A representation of data showing a set of
observations taken at different points in
time and charted as a time series.
Identifiers for the characterization of the
content or purpose of a document.
A formal presentation of an idea or discovery
typically more than a few pages in length.
Identifiers for the regions surrounding the
Earth.
The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause,
characterized by very turbulent plasma.
The region of space above the atmosphere or
surface of the planet, and bounded by the
magnetopause, that is under the direct influence
of the planet's magnetic field.
The region on the night side of the body where
the magnetic filed is stretched backwards
by the force of the solar wind. For Earth,
the magnetotail begins at a night-side radial
distance of 10 Re (X > -10Re).
The region of the magnetosphere where the
magnetic field lines are closed, but does
not include the gaseous region gravitationally
bound to the body.
The region near the pole of a body. For a
magnetosphere the polar region is the area
where magnetic field lines are open and includes
the aural zone.
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy
particles could potentially be trapped in
a magnetic field.
The gaseous and possibly ionized environment
of a body extending from the surface to some
specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude
is 2000 km.
The neutral gases surrounding a body that
extends from the surface and is bound to the
body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged
particles bombarding the upper atmosphere
of a planet in the presence of a magnetic
field produce an opitcal phenomenum.
A region centered on the equator and limited
in latitude by approximately 23 degrees north
and south of the equator.
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a
body that are nominally bound to the body
by virtue of the gravitational attraction..
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately
50 to 95 km above the surface of the Earth.
One of several layers in the ionosphere.
A layer of ionised gas occurring at 90-150km
above the ground. One of several layers in
the ionosphere. Also called the The Kennelly-Heaviside
layer.
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height
of around 150800 km above sea level, placing
it in the thermosphere. the F region has the
highest concentration of free electrons and
ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be
thought of as comprising two layers, the F1-and
F2-layers. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
Also known as the Appleton layer.
The region at the upper most areas of the
ionosphere.
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from
the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85
km, temperature decreasing with height.
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of
low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above
the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the
plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause,
which is defined by an order of magnitude
drop in plasma density.
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles
and consisting of the region north of 60 degrees
north latitude an the region south of 60 degrees
south latitude.
The region where Earth's inner van Allen radiation
belt makes its closest approach to the planet's
surface. The result is that, for a given altitude,
the radiation intensity is higher over this
region than elsewhere.
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from
the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature
increases with height. The stratosphere contains
the ozone layer.
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from
the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing
with height.
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins
at the surface and extends to between 7 km
(4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi)
at the equator, with some variation due to
weather factors.
The outermost area of a solid object.
Identifier for unambiguous rules that establishes
the representation of information within a
file.
A sequence of characters that adheres to American
Standard Code for Information Interchange
(ASCII) which is an 7-bit character-coding
scheme.
A data encoding scheme whereby binary-encoded
data is converted to printable ASCII characters.
It is defined as a MIME content transfer encoding
for use in internet e-mail. The only characters
used are the upper- and lower-case Roman alphabet
characters (AZ, az), the numerals (09),
and the "+" and "/" symbols, with the "="
symbol as a special suffix (padding) code.
An open standard algorithm by Julian Seward
using Burrows-Wheeler block sorting and Huffman
coding. See <http://www.bzip.org/>
An open standard algorithm distributed by
GHU based on LZ77 and Huffman coding. See
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/gzip.html>
or <http://www.gzip.org/>
A lack or absence of anything.
A file format used to collate collections
of files into one larger file, for distribution
or archiving, while preserving file system
information such as user and group permissions,
dates, and directory structures. The format
was standardized by POSIX.1-1988 and later
POSIX.1-2001.
Text in multi-byte Unicode format.
An open standard for compression which is
a variation of the LZW method and was originally
used in the PKZIP utility.
Identifiers for components of a coordinate
system which can be associated with a Field
Quantity.
Identifiers for the physical attribute of
the field.
The flow of electrons through a conductor
caused by a potential difference.
The physical attribute that exerts an electrical
force.
The physical attribute that is or is caused
by a mutual interaction of electric and magnetic
fields.
The frequency with which a charged particle
(as an electron) executes spiral gyrations
in moving obliquely across a magnetic field
The physical attribute attributed to a magnet
or its equivalent.
The frequency with which a plasma oscillates.
A field which obeys Laplace's Equation.
The rate of energy transport per unit area
per steradian.
Identifiers for data organized according to
preset specifications.
Audio Video Interleave (AVI) a digital format
for movies that conforms to the Microsoft
Windows Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF).
A direct representation of the bits which
may be stored in memory on a computer.
Common Data Format (CDF). A binary storage
format developed at Goddard Space Flight Center
(GSFC).
Cluster Exchange Format (CEF) is a self-documenting
ASCII format designed for the exchange of
data. There are two versions of CEF which
are not totally compatible.
Cluster Exchange Format (CEF), version 1,
is a self-documenting ASCII format designed
for the exchange of data. The metadata contains
information compatible with the ISTP recommendations
for CDF.
Cluster Exchange Format (CEF), version 2,
is a self-documenting ASCII format designed
for the exchange of data and introduced for
Cluster Active Archive. Compared to version
1, the metadata description of vectors and
tensors is different.
Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) is
a digital format primarily designed to store
scientific data sets consisting of multi-dimensional
arrays (1-D spectra, 2-D images or 3-D data
cubes) and 2-dimensional tables containing
rows and columns of data.
Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) first introduced
in 1987 by CompuServe. GIF uses LZW compression
and images are limited to 256 colours.
Hierarchical Data Format
Hierarchical Data Format, Version 4
Hierarchical Data Format, Version 5
A text file containing structured information
represented in the HyperText Mark-up Language
(HTML). See <http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/>
Instrument Data File Set (IDFS) is a set of
files written in a prescribed format which
contain data, timing data, and meta-data.
IDFS was developed at Southwest Research Institute
(SwRI).
Interactive Data Language (IDL) save set.
IDL is a proprietary format.
A binary format for still images defined by
the Joint Photographic Experts Group
MATLAB Workspace save set, version 4. MAT-files
are double-precision, binary, MATLAB format
files. MATLAB is a proprietary product of
The MathWorks.
MATLAB Workspace save set, version 6. MAT-files
are double-precision, binary, MATLAB format
files. MATLAB is a proprietary product of
The MathWorks.
MATLAB Workspace save set, version 7. MAT-files
are double-precision, binary, MATLAB format
files. Version 7 includes data compression
and Unicode encoding. MATLAB is a proprietary
product of The MathWorks.
A digital format for movies defined by the
Motion Picture Experts Group
The National Center for Atmospheric Research
(NCAR) format. A complete description of that
standard is given in appendix C of the "Report
on Establishment & Operation of the Incoherent-
Scatter Data Base", dated August 23, 1984,
obtainable from NCAR, P.O. Box 3000 Boulder,
Colorado 80307-3000.
Unidata Program Center's Network Common Data
Form (NetCDF). A self-describing data portable
data format for array-oriented data access.
See <http://my.unidata.ucar.edu/content/software/netcdf>
A document expressed in the Portable Document
Format (PDF) as defined by Adobe.
A digital format for still images. Portable
Network Graphics (PNG)
A page description programming language created
by Adobe Systems Inc. that is a device-independent
industry standard for representing text and
graphics.
A format for digital movies, as defined by
Apple Computer. See <http://developer.apple.com/quicktime/>
ASCII text
A binary format for still pictures. Tagged
Image Format File (TIFF). Originally developed
by Aldus and now controlled by Adobe.
Universal Data Format (UDF). The Optical Technology
Storage Association's Universal Disk Format,
based on ISO 13346. See <http://www.osta.org/specs/index.htm>
A proposed XML standard designed as a flexible
storage and exchange format for tabular data.
eXtensible Mark-up Language (XML). A structured
format for representing information. See <http://www.w3.org/XML/>
Identifiers for functions or algorithms that
convert a digital data object into a hash
value.
Message Digest 5 (MD5) is a 128-bit message
digest algorithm created in 1991 by Professor
Ronald Rivest.
Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), a 160-bit message
digest algorithm developed by the NSA and
described in Federal Information Processing
Standard (FIPS) publication 180-1.
Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), a 256-bit message
digest algorithm developed by the NSA and
described in Federal Information Processing
Standard (FIPS) publication 180-1.
Identifiers for regions of the solar atmosphere
which extends roughly from the inner corona
to the edge of the solar plasma at the heliopause
separating primarily solar plasma from interstellar
plasma.
The region of the heliosphere extending radially
out from the "surface" of the Sun to 1 AU.
The heliospheric region near the Earth which
extends to and includes the area near the
L1 and L2 Lagrange point.
The region of the heliosphere from, but not
including, 1 AU to the farthest extent of
the heliosphere (heliopause).
The heliospheric region near the Earth's orbit,
but exclusive of the region near the Earth.
Identifiers for the type of experiment the
instrument performs. This is the technique
of observation.
A sensor used to measure electric potential.
An instrument that detects electrons, ions,
and UV-radiation, according to the principle
of a secondary emission multiplier. It is
typically used in electron spectroscopy and
mass spectrometry.
An instrument which can image things very
close to the Sun by using a disk to block
the Sun's bright surface which reveals the
faint solar corona and other celetrial objects.
A dipole antenna of which the active (sensor)
elements are small spheres located at the
ends of two wires deployed in the equatorial
plane, on opposite sides of a spinning spacecraft.
An instrument which determines the mass and
speed of ambient dust particles.
An active experiment to measure the electron
drift velocity based on sensing the displacement
of a weak beam of electrons after one gyration
in the ambient magnetic field.
An instrument which uses charged plates to
analyze the mass, charge and kinetic energies
of charged particles which enter the instrument.
An instrument that measures fluxes of charged
particles as a function of time, direction
of motion, mass, charge and/or species.
An instrument consisting of an electrode from
which electrical current is measured while
a charged particle beam (electrons or ions)
impinges on it. Used to determine energy spectrum
and sometimes ion composition of the impinging
particles.
A search coil whose bandwidth and signal/noise
ratio are increased by the application of
negative feedback at the sensor (flux) level
by driving a collocated coil with a signal
from the preamplifier.
An instrument that determines the spectra
of a radiative source, using time-domain measurements
and a Fourier transform.
An instrument which measures density of ionizing
radiation based on interactions with a gas.
An instrument which samples the radiation
from an area at one or more spectral ranges
emitted or reflected by an object.
An instrument which is a multispectral scanner
with a very large number of channels (64-256
channels) with very narrow band widths.
An instrument which measures the difference
between two or more waves.
A device which measures the current produced
by the displacement of ambient ions on a grid,
thereby allowing the determination of the
ion trajectory and velocity.
A monopole antenna associated with an instrument.
The instrument applies a potential to the
antenna which is swept to determine the voltage/current
characteristic. This provides information
about the plasma surrounding the probe and
spacecraft.
A dipole antenna whose active (sensor) elements
are two wires deployed in the equatorial plane
on opposite sides of a spinning spacecraft,
and whose length is several times greater
than the spacecraft diameter.
An instrument which measures the ambient magnetic
field.
An instrument which distinguishes chemical
species in terms of their different isotopic
masses.
An instrument used for the detection of elementary
particles, ions, ultraviolet rays and soft
X-rays constructed from very thin conductive
glass capillaries.
An instrument which captures images at multiple
spectral ranges.
An instrument which measures the quantity
and properties of neutral particles over a
range of angles. Measured properties can include
mass and energy.
An instrument which measures the quantity
and properties of neutral particles. Measured
properties can include mass and plasma bulk
densities.
An instrument which correlates particle flux
to help identify wave/particle interactions.
An instrument which detects particle flux!!!
An instrument which measures the strength
of electromagnetic radiation in the range
from ultraviolet to infrared and including
the visible spectrum.
An instrument which measures the intensity
and polarization or radiant energy. A photopolarimeter
is a combination of a photometer and a polarimeter.
A collection of components which can be positioned
and oriented as a single unit. A platform
may contain other platforms. For example,
a spacecraft is a platform which may have
components that can be articulated and are
also considered platforms.
An instrument which measures energy of ionization
radiation based on interactions with a gas.
An instrument used for the 3-D detection of
plasma, energetic electrons and ions, and
for positive-ion composition measurements.
An instrument that uses directional properties
of returned power to infer spatial and/or
other characteristics of a remote object.
An instrument for detecting or measuring radiant
energy. Radiometers are commonly limited to
infrared radiation.
A combination of a radio receiver and a pulsed
transmitter used to study the plasma surrounding
a spacecraft by identifying resonances or
cut-offs (of the wave dispersion relation),
whose frequencies are related to the ambient
plasma density and magnetic field. When the
transmitter is off it is essentially a high
frequency-resolution spectral power receiver.
An instrument which measures ion temperatures
and ion concentrations using aplanr ion trap.
An instrument which measure the signal strength
in various directions of the galatic radio
signals. Variations in these signals are influenced
by solar flare activity and geomagnetic storm
and substorm processes.
An instrument which detects flouresences of
a material which is exceited by high energy
(ionizing) electromagnetic or charged particle
radiation.
An instrument which measures the time variation
of the magnetic flux threading a loop by measurement
of the electric potential difference induced
between the ends of the wire.
An instrument which measures the radiances
from an object. A sounder may measure radiances
at multile spectral ranges.
An instrument to control the electric potential
of a spacecraft with respect to the ambient
plasma by emitting a variable current of positive
ions.
A radio receiver which determines the power
spectral density of the electric or magnetic
field, or both, at one or more frequencies.
An instrument that measures the component
wavelengths of light or other electromagnetic
radiation into its component wavelengths.
An instrument which measures the time it takes
for a particle to travel between two detectors.
A value which is not provided.
A radio receiver which outputs the value of
one or more components of the electric and/or
magnetic field as a function of time.
Identifiers for the region of space above
the atmosphere or surface of the planet, and
bounded by the magnetopause, that is under
the direct influence of planet's magnetic
field.
The region on the night side of the body where
the magnetic filed is stretched backwards
by the force of the solar wind. For Earth,
the magnetotail begins at a night-side radial
distance of 10 Re (X > -10Re).
The region of the magnetosphere where the
magnetic field lines are closed, but does
not include the gaseous region gravitationally
bound to the body.
The region near the pole of a body. For a
magnetosphere the polar region is the area
where magnetic field lines are open and includes
the aural zone.
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy
particles could potentially be trapped in
a magnetic field.
Identifiers for the method of making an estimated
value of a quantity that forms the basis of
an observaton.
An indication, derived from one or more measurements,
of the level of activity of an object or region,
such as sunspot number, F10.7 flux, Dst, or
the Polar Cap Indices.
Measurements of fluxes of charged or ionized
particles at above thermal energies, including
relativistic particles of solar and galactic
origin. May give simple fluxes, but more complete
distributions are sometimes possible. Composition
measurements may also be made.
A map or image depicting the spatial distribution
of line-of-sight velocities of the observed
object.
Measurements of electric field vectors (sometimes
not all components) as a time series.
Pieces of matter that are moving very fast.
Energetic particles include protons, electrons,
neutrons, neutrinos, the nuclei of atoms,
and other sub-atomic particles.
The spatial coordinates of a body as a function
of time. When used as an Instrument Type it
represents the process or methods used to
generate spatial coordinates.
Measurements of the two-dimensional distribution
of the intensity of photons from some region
or object such as the Sun or the polar auroral
regions; can be in any wavelength band, and
polarized, etc.
A quantity directly related to the operation
or function of an instrument.
In situ measurements of the relative flux
or density of electrically charged particles
in the space environment. May give simple
fluxes, but full distribution functions are
sometimes measured.
A radiometric term for the power of electromagnetic
radiation at a surface, per unit area. "Irradiance"
is used when the electromagnetic radiation
is incident on the surface. The SI unit of
irradiance is watts per square meter (W·m-2).
Measurements of magnetic field vectors (sometimes
not all components) as time series; can be
space- or ground-based. Also, [Zeeman splitting,
etc. based]: A region of space near a magnetized
body where magnetic forces can be detected
[as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting,
etc.]
Measurements of the vector or line-of-sight
magnetic field determined from remote sensing
measurements of the detailed structure of
spectral lines, including their splitting
and polarization. ("Magnetogram.")
Measurements of neutral atom fluxes as a function
of look direction; often related to remote
energetic charged particles that lose their
charge through charge-exchange and then reach
the detector on a line.
Measurements of neutral atomic and molecular
components of a gas.
Measurements of a quantity as a function of
height above an object such as the limb of
a body.
A radiometric measurement that describe the
amount of electromagnetic radiation that passes
through or is emitted from a particular area,
and falls within a given solid angle in a
specified direction. They are used to characterize
both emission from diffuse sources and reflection
from diffuse surfaces. The SI unit of radiance
is watts per steradian per square meter (W·sr-1·m-2).
Measurements of electric and/or magnetic fields
using electric or magnetic antennas at frequencies
anywhere between the spacecraft spin frequency
and the characteristic frequencies of the
ambient plasma. The output can be waveform,
power spectral density, or other statistical
parameters.
Measurements of plasma density, magnetic field
and possibly other parameters of the space
environment by active probing of the plasma
by radio waves.
A three-dimensional representation of successive
spectra which allows time evolution to be
clearly seen. Time is plotted along the abscissa,
frequency (or particle energy) along the ordinate,
and the spectral power density (or differential
particle flux) is represented by different
shades of grey, or color. This representation
is also known as a spectrogram.
Measurements of the plasma in the energy regime
where the most of the plasma occurs. May
be the basic fluxes in the form of distribution
functions or the derived bulk parameters (density,
flow velocity, etc.).
Identifiers for heliospheric regions near
the earth or within the earth's orbit
Identifiers for regions of the gaseous and
possibly ionized environment of a body extending
from the surface to some specified altitude.
The neutral gases surrounding a body that
extends from the surface and is bound to the
body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged
particles bombarding the upper atmosphere
of a planet in the presence of a magnetic
field produce an opitcal phenomenum.
A region centered on the equator and limited
in latitude by approximately 23 degrees north
and south of the equator.
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a
body that are nominally bound to the body
by virtue of the gravitational attraction..
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately
50 to 95 km above the surface of the Earth.
One of several layers in the ionosphere.
A layer of ionised gas occurring at 90-150km
above the ground. One of several layers in
the ionosphere. Also called the The Kennelly-Heaviside
layer.
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height
of around 150800 km above sea level, placing
it in the thermosphere. the F region has the
highest concentration of free electrons and
ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be
thought of as comprising two layers, the F1-and
F2-layers. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
Also known as the Appleton layer.
The region at the upper most areas of the
ionosphere.
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from
the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85
km, temperature decreasing with height.
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of
low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above
the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the
plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause,
which is defined by an order of magnitude
drop in plasma density.
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles
and consisting of the region north of 60 degrees
north latitude an the region south of 60 degrees
south latitude.
The region where Earth's inner van Allen radiation
belt makes its closest approach to the planet's
surface. The result is that, for a given altitude,
the radiation intensity is higher over this
region than elsewhere.
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from
the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature
increases with height. The stratosphere contains
the ozone layer.
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from
the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing
with height.
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins
at the surface and extends to between 7 km
(4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi)
at the equator, with some variation due to
weather factors.
Identifiers for the characterization of the
physical properties of the particle.
The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the Alfven
speed.
A measure of the composite deficit (positive)
or excess (negative) of electrons with respect
to protons.
The number of events per unit time.
An enumeration of the number of detection
events occurring in a particle detector per
unit time or over detector accumulation times.
The capacity for doing work as measured by
the capability of doing work (potential energy)
or the conversion of this capability to motion
(kinetic energy)
The amount of energy per unit volume.
The amount of energy passing through a unit
area in a unit time.
The rate at which particles or energy is passing
through a unit area in a unit time.
The volume of matter passing through a unit
area perpendicular to the direction of flow
in a unit of time.
The frequency with which a charged particle
(as an electron) executes spiral gyrations
in moving obliquely across a magnetic field
Flow of thermal energy through a gas or plasma;
typically computed as third moment of a distribution
function.
The measure of inertia (mass) of individual
objects (e.g., aerosols).
The mass of particles per unit volume.
The number of particles per unit volume.
The number of particles passing through a
unit area in a unit time.
The number of particles per unit volume in
the six-dimensional space of position and
velocity.
The ratio of the plasma pressure to the magnetic
pressure.
The frequency with which a plasma oscillates.
The force per unit area exerted by a particle
distribution or field.
The ratio of the bulk flow speed to the speed
of sound in the medium.
A measure of the kinetic energy of random
motion with respect to the average. Temperature
is properly defined only for an equilibrium
particle distribution (Maxwellian distribution).
For a Maxwellian distribution, the difference
between the mean speed and the speed within
which ~69% (one sigma) of all the members
of the speed distribution occur.
Rate of change of position. Also used for
the average velocity of a collection of particles,
also referred to as "bulk velocity".
Identifiers for the characterization of the
kind of particle observed by the measurement.
A suspension of fine solid or liquid particles
in gas.
A positively charged nuclear particle that
consists of two protons and two neutrons.
Free microscopic particles of solid material.
An elementary particle consisting of a charge
of negative electricity equal to about 1.602
x 10**(-19) Coulomb and having a mass when
at rest of about 9.109534 x 10**(-28) gram.
An atom that has acquired a net electric charge
by gaining or losing one or more electrons.(Note:
Z>2)
A group of atoms so united and combined by
chemical affinity that they form a complete,
integrated whole, being the smallest portion
of any particular compound that can exist
in a free state
Either a particle, an object, or a system
that has a net electric charge of zero
An elementary particle that is a constituent
of all atomic nuclei, that carries a positive
charge numerically equal to the charge of
an electron, and that has a mass of 1.673
x 10**(-24) gram.
Identifiers for the characteristics or categorization
of an observation. Note: Joe King to provide.
A localized, transient volume of the solar
atmosphere in which PLAGEs, SUNSPOTS, FACULAe,
FLAREs, etc. may be observed.
An atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands
of light caused by charged solar particles
following the earth's magnetic lines of force.
A crossing of the boundary between the undisturbed
(except for foreshock effects) solar wind
and the shocked, decelerated solar wind of
the magnetosheath.
An extended region of the corona, exceptionally
low in density and associated with unipolar
photospheric regions. A coronal hole can be
an "open" magnetic field in the corona and
(perhaps) inner heliosphere which has a faster
than average outflow (wind); A region of lower
than "quiet" ion and electron density in the
corona; or a region of lower peak electron
temperature in the corona than in the "quiet"
corona.
A solar event which involves a burst of plasma
which is ejected from the Sun into the interplanetary
medium.
A wave in the corona of the Sun which produce
shock waves on the Suns chromosphere (Moreton
Waves). EIT Waves are produced by large solar
flare and expand outward at about 1,000 km/s.
It usually appears as a slowly moving diffuse
arc of brightening in H-alpha, and may travel
for several hundred thousand km.
An enhancement of interplanetary fluxes of
energetic ions accelerated by interplanetary
shocks and/or solar flares.
A rapid decrease in the observed galactic
cosmic ray intensity following the passage
of an outwardly convecting interplanetary
magnetic field disturbance, such as those
associated with large CME's, that sweep some
galactic cosmic rays away from Earth.
A magnetospheric disturbance typically defined
by variations in the horizontal component
of the Earth's surface magnetic field. The
variation typically starts with a field enhancement
associated with a solar wind pressure pulse
and continues with a field depression associated
with an enhancement of the diamagnetic magnetospheric
ring current.
A shock propagating generally antisunward
through the slower solar wind, often seen
in front of CME-associated plasma clouds.
A transient event observed in the solar wind
characterized as a region of enhanced magnetic
field strength, smooth rotation of the magnetic
field vector and low proton density and temperature.
A crossing of the interface between the shocked
solar wind in the magnetosheath and the magnetic
field and plasma in the magnetosphere.
Emissions of the sun in radio wavelengths
from centimeters to dekameters, under both
quiet and disturbed conditions. Radio Bursts
can be "Type I" consisting of many short,
narrow-band bursts in the metric range (300
- 50 MHz).; "Type II" consiting of narrow-band
emission that begins in the meter range (300
MHz) and sweeps slowly (tens of minutes) toward
dekameter wavelengths (10 MHz).; "Type III"
consiting of narrow-band bursts that sweep
rapidly (seconds) from decimeter to dekameter
wavelengths (500 - 0.5 MHz); and "Type IV"
consiting of a smooth continuum of broad-band
bursts primarily in the meter range (300 -
30 MHz).
An explosive event in the Sun's atmosphere
which produces electromagnetic radiation across
the electromagnetic spectrum at multiple wavelengths
from long-wave radio to the shortest wavelength
gamma rays.
Intervals of unusually large or small values
of solar wind attributes such as flow speed
and ion density.
A process by which plasma in the magnetotail
becomes energized at a fast rate.
Identifiers for the characterization of the
physical properties of the photon.
The ratio of radiant energy from a material
to that from a blackbody at the same kinetic
temperature
The amount of energy passing through a unit
area in a unit time.
The area of the spectral line profile divided
by the peak height or depth.
The frequency with which a charged particle
(as an electron) executes spiral gyrations
in moving obliquely across a magnetic field
In spectra, a measure of the amount of absorption
for a particular wavelength or frequency in
the spectrum
Measurements of magnetic field vectors (sometimes
not all components) as time series; can be
space- or ground-based. Also, [Zeeman splitting,
etc. based]: A region of space near a magnetized
body where magnetic forces can be detected
[as measured by methods such as Zeeman splitting,
etc.]
In helioseismology the magnitude of oscillation
of waves of a particular geometry.
The frequency with which a plasma oscillates.
Direction of the electric vector of an electromagnetic
wave. The wave can be linearly polarized in
any direction perpendicular to the direction
of travel, circularly polarized (clockwise
or counterclockwise), unpolarized, or mixtures
of the above.
The four coordinates (usually called I, Q,
U, and V) relative to a particular basis for
the representation of the polarization state
of an electromagnetic wave propagating through
space.
Rate of change of position. Also used for
the average velocity of a collection of particles,
also referred to as "bulk velocity".
Identifiers to characterize the amount and
type of manipulation which has been applied
to the sampled data.
Data wherein sensor outputs have been convolved
with instrument response function, often irreversibly,
to yield physical parameter values.
Data in its original state with no processing
to account for calibration!!!
Duplicate data are removed from the data stream
and data are time ordered. Values are not
adjusted for any potential biases or external
factors.
Identifiers for terms which refine the type
or attribute of a quantity.
Direction-dependent property.
The statistical mean; the sum of a set of
values divided by the number of values in
the set.
A quanity which can be easily identified and
measured in a given environment.
Relative to polarization, right-hand circularly
polarized light is defined such that the electric
field is rotating clockwise as seen by an
observer towards whom the wave is moving.
Left-hand circularly polarized light is defined
such that the electric field is rotating counterclockwise
as seen by an observer towards whom the wave
is moving. The polarization of magnetohydrodynamic
waves is specified with respect to the ambient
mean magnetic field : right-hand polarized
waves have a transverse electric field component
which turns in a right-handed sense (that
of the gyrating electrons) around the magnetic
field.
A part of a multi-part entity, e.g., the components
of a vector.
The angle between the meridian of a vector
and the zero meridian of the coordinate system
in which the vector is expressed. Equivalently,
the angle between the projection of a position
or measured vector into the X-Y plane and
X-axis in the coordinate system in which the
vector is expressed. Also referred to as the
azimuthal angle or "longitude". Mathematically:
Phi = arctan(y/x)
The component of a vector in the radial direction
from the center of the coordinate system.
For spatial points, the angular distance from
a meridian normal to the equator. Also referred
to as the zenith angle or "latitude". As a
"latitude" angles range from +90 to -90 with
zero at the equator and positive angles are
in the direction designated as "North." An
alternate range of values is often called
"co-latitude" where values range from 0 to
+180 as measured from the "north" pole. Mathematically:
Theta = arctan(sqrt(x^2 + y^2)/z)
The component of a vector along the X-axis
in a cartessian coordinate system.
The component of a vector along the Y-axis
in a cartessian coordinate system.
The component of a vector along the Z-axis
in a cartessian coordinate system.
The Fourier transform of the cross correlation
of two physical or empirical observations.
The difference between an observed value and
the expected value of a quantity.
A flux measurement within a given energy and
solid-angle range.
Values that make an model agree with the data.
The summation of values above a given threshold
and over area or solid-angle range.
The line of sight is the line that connects
the observer with the observed object. This
expression is often used with measurements
of Doppler velocity and magnetic field in
magnetograms, where only the component of
the vector field directed along the line of
sight is measured.
Intervals which are equally spaced.
A measure of the strength or size of a vector
quantity.
Parameters determined by integration over
a distribution function convolved with a power
of velocity.
Having the same direction as a given direction
The maximum value for the quantity in question,
over a period of time which is usually equal
to the cadence.
At right angles to a given direction.
Phase difference between two or more waves,
normally expressed in degrees.
The relative magnitudes of two quantities.
A quantity that is completely specified by
its magnitude and has no direction.
The square root of the average of the squares
of deviations about the mean of a set of data.
Standard deviation is a statistical measure
of spread or variability.
The four coordinates (usually called I, Q,
U, and V) relative to a particular basis for
the representation of the polarization state
of an electromagnetic wave propagating through
space.
Equal distribution about one or more axes.
A generalized linear "quantity" or "geometrical
entity" that can be expressed as a multi-dimensional
array relative to a choice of basis of the
particular space on which it is defined.
The sum of the elements on the main diagonal
(the diagonal from the upper left to the lower
right) of a square matrix.
A statistically defined discrepancy between
a measured quantity and the true value of
that quantity that cannot be corrected by
calculation or calibration.
A measure of dispersion of a set of data points
around their mean value. The expectation value
of the squared deviations from the mean.
A set of parameter values each along some
independent variable (e.g., components of
a field in three orthogonal spatial directions;
atmospheric temperature values at several
altitudes, or at a given latitude and longitude;).
Identifiers for areas of the physical world
which may be occupied or observed.
A small extraterrestrial body consisting mostly
of rock and metal that is in orbit around
the sun.
A relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting
of a frozen mass that travels around the sun
in a highly elliptical orbit.
The third planet from the sun in our solar
system.
The region between the bow shock and the magnetopause,
characterized by very turbulent plasma.
The region of space above the atmosphere or
surface of the planet, and bounded by the
magnetopause, that is under the direct influence
of the planet's magnetic field.
The region on the night side of the body where
the magnetic filed is stretched backwards
by the force of the solar wind. For Earth,
the magnetotail begins at a night-side radial
distance of 10 Re (X > -10Re).
The region of the magnetosphere where the
magnetic field lines are closed, but does
not include the gaseous region gravitationally
bound to the body.
The region near the pole of a body. For a
magnetosphere the polar region is the area
where magnetic field lines are open and includes
the aural zone.
The region within a magnetosphere where high-energy
particles could potentially be trapped in
a magnetic field.
The gaseous and possibly ionized environment
of a body extending from the surface to some
specified altitude. For the Earth, this altitude
is 2000 km.
The neutral gases surrounding a body that
extends from the surface and is bound to the
body by virtue of the gravitational attraction.
The region in the atmospheric where electrically-charged
particles bombarding the upper atmosphere
of a planet in the presence of a magnetic
field produce an opitcal phenomenum.
A region centered on the equator and limited
in latitude by approximately 23 degrees north
and south of the equator.
The charged or ionized gases surrounding a
body that are nominally bound to the body
by virtue of the gravitational attraction..
The layer of the ionosphere that exists approximately
50 to 95 km above the surface of the Earth.
One of several layers in the ionosphere.
A layer of ionised gas occurring at 90-150km
above the ground. One of several layers in
the ionosphere. Also called the The Kennelly-Heaviside
layer.
A layer that contains ionized gases at a height
of around 150800 km above sea level, placing
it in the thermosphere. the F region has the
highest concentration of free electrons and
ions anywhere in the atmosphere. It may be
thought of as comprising two layers, the F1-and
F2-layers. One of several layers in the ionosphere.
Also known as the Appleton layer.
The region at the upper most areas of the
ionosphere.
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from
the Stratosphere to a range of 80 km to 85
km, temperature decreasing with height.
A region of the magnetosphere consisting of
low energy (cool) plasma. It is located above
the ionosphere. The outer boundary of the
plasmasphere is known as the plasmapause,
which is defined by an order of magnitude
drop in plasma density.
The areas of the globe surrounding the poles
and consisting of the region north of 60 degrees
north latitude an the region south of 60 degrees
south latitude.
The region where Earth's inner van Allen radiation
belt makes its closest approach to the planet's
surface. The result is that, for a given altitude,
the radiation intensity is higher over this
region than elsewhere.
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from
the troposphere to about 30 km, temperature
increases with height. The stratosphere contains
the ozone layer.
The layer of the atmosphere that extends from
the Mesosphere to 640+ km, temperature increasing
with height.
The lowest layer of the atmosphere which begins
at the surface and extends to between 7 km
(4.4 mi) at the poles and 17 km (10.6 mi)
at the equator, with some variation due to
weather factors.
The outermost area of a solid object.
The solar atmosphere extending roughly from
the outer corona to the edge of the solar
plasma at the heliopause separating primarily
solar plasma from interstellar plasma.
The region of the heliosphere extending radially
out from the "surface" of the Sun to 1 AU.
The heliospheric region near the Earth which
extends to and includes the area near the
L1 and L2 Lagrange point.
The region of the heliosphere from, but not
including, 1 AU to the farthest extent of
the heliosphere (heliopause).
The heliospheric region near the Earth's orbit,
but exclusive of the region near the Earth.
The fifth planet from the sun in our solar
system.
The forth planet from the sun in our solar
system.
The first planet from the sun in our solar
system.
The seventh planet from the sun in our solar
system.
The ninth (sub)planet from the sun in our
solar system.
The sixth planet from the sun in our solar
system.
The star upon which our solar system is centered.
The region of the Sun's (or a star's) atmosphere
above the temperature minimum and below the
Transition Region. The solar chromosphere
is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the
photosphere, and characterized by temperatures
from 4500 - 28000 K.
The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun
or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures
above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at
about 2100 km above the photosphere; there
is no generally defined upper limit.
The region inside the body which is not visible
from outside the body.
The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star
from which continuum radiation, especially
optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun,
the photosphere is about 500 km thick.
A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the
chromosphere and the corona where the temperature
rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000
K.
The eigth planet from the sun in our solar
system.
The second planet from the sun in our solar
system.
Identifiers for the assigned or assumed function
or position of an individual.
An individual who is an expert on a collection
of resources and may also be knowledgable
of the phenomenon and related physics represented
by the resources. This includes librarians,
curators, archive scientists and other experts.
An individual who is a scientific peer and
major participant for an investigation.
An entity responsible for making contributions
to the content of the resource.
An individual who generated the resource and
is familiar with its provenance.
An individual who is an administrative or
scientific leader for an investigation operting
under the supervision of a Princial Investigator.
An individual who can provide information
on a range of subjects or who can direct you
to a domain expert.
An individual who can affect a change in the
metadata describing a resource.
An individual who is the administrative and
scientific lead for an investigation.
An individual who is an expert in the phenomenon
and related physics explored by the project.
A project scientist may also have a manageral
role within the project.
An individual, organization, institution or
government department responsible for the
production and dissemination of a document.
An individual who is an expert in the phenomenon
and related physics represented by the resource.
An individual who is the designated leader
of an investigation!!!
An individual who is a major participant in
an investigation.
An individual who can provide specific information
with regard to the resource or supporting
software
Identifiers for scaling aplied to a set of
numbers.
Intervals which are equally spaced.
Intervals which are spaced proportionally
to the logarithms of the values being represented.
Identifiers for the characterization of the
function or purpose of a source.
A complementary item which can be subordinate,
subsidiary, auxiliary, supplementary to the
primary item.
A representation of an image which is suitable
to reveal most or all of the details of the
image.
A collection of organized information, usually
the results of experience, observation or
experiment, or a set of premises. This may
consist of numbers, words, or images, particularly
as measurements or observations of a set of
variables.
The structured arrangement of items in a colleciton.
A small representation of an image which is
suitable to infer what the full-sized imaged
is like.
Identifiers for names associated with wavelengths.
Based on the ISO 21348 Solar Irradiance Standard.
Additions have been made to extend the frequency
ranges to include those used in space physics.
Those additions are indicated in blue text.
The "Total Solar Irradiance" category has
not been included since it is a type of measurement
and not a specific spectral range. See Appendix
A - Comparison of Spectrum Domains for a comparison
of the spectral ranges with other systems.
A spectrum with a wavelength of range centered
near 393.5 nm. VSO nickname: Ca-K image with
range of 391.9 nm to 395.2 nm.
A spectrum with a wavelength range of 10.0
nm to 125.0nm. VSO nickname: EUV image with
a range of of 10.0 nm to 125.0 nm
Photons with a wavelength range: 0.00001 to
0.001 nm
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered
at 656.3 nm. VSO nickname: H-alpha image with
a spectrum range of of 655.8 nm to 656.8 nm.
Photons with a wavelength range: 0.001 to
0.1 nm
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered
at 1082.9 nm. VSO nickname: He 10830 image
with a range of 1082.5 nm to 1083.3 nm.
Photons with a wavelength range: 760 to 1.00x10^6
nm
A spectrum with a wavelength range centerd
at 769.9 nm. VSO nickname: K-7699 dopplergram
with a range of 769.8 nm to 770.0 nm.
Photons with a wavelength range: 1.00x10^6
to 1.50x10^7 nm
A spectrum with a wavelength range of centered
at 589.3 nm. VSO nickname: Na-D image with
a range of 588.8 nm to 589.8 nm.
A spectrum with a wavelength range centered
at 676.8 nm. VSO nickname: Ni-6768 dopplergram
with a range of of 676.7 nm to 676.9 nm.
Photons with a wavelength range: 380 to 760
nm
Photons with a wavelength range: 100,000 to
1.00x10^11 nm
Photons with a wavelength range: 10 to 400
nm.
Photons with a wavelength in the visable range
for humans!!!
Photons with a wavelength range: 0.001 <=
x < 10 nm
Identifiers for the classification of the
organization of a structure.
Identifiers for regions of the star upon which
our solar system is centered.
The region of the Sun's (or a star's) atmosphere
above the temperature minimum and below the
Transition Region. The solar chromosphere
is approximately 400 km to 2100 km above the
photosphere, and characterized by temperatures
from 4500 - 28000 K.
The outermost atmospheric region of the Sun
or a star, characterized by ionization temperatures
above 10^5 K. The solar corona starts at
about 2100 km above the photosphere; there
is no generally defined upper limit.
The region inside the body which is not visible
from outside the body.
The atmospheric layer of the Sun or a star
from which continuum radiation, especially
optical, is emitted to space. For the Sun,
the photosphere is about 500 km thick.
A very narrow (<100 km) layer between the
chromosphere and the corona where the temperature
rises abruptly from about 8000 to about 500,000
K.
Identifiers for the information useful in
understanding the context of an observation,
typically observed or measured coincedently
with a physical observation.
Values, such as flags, that are not time tags,
location data or measured or derived parameters.
The specification of the location of an object
or measurement within a reference coordinate
system. The position is usually expressed
as a set of values corresponding to the location
along a set of orthogonal axes together with
the date/time of the observation.
Pertaining to time.
Rate of change of position. Also used for
the average velocity of a collection of particles,
also referred to as "bulk velocity".